Die unentdeckte Depression im Akutspital : „Wie äussert sich die Literatur zur Frage, wie die Pflegenden eines Akutspitals bei Patientinnen und Patienten eine bislang nicht entdeckte Depression identifizieren und darauf professionell reagieren können?“

Darstellung des Themas: Laut WHO (2017) gilt die Depression weltweit als führende Ursache für Krankheit und Behinderung im Alltag, deren inadäquate Behandlung durch das Fachpersonal als Behinderungslast der Depressionsdienstleistung gilt. Zielsetzung: Die frühzeitige Identifizierung von Depressionen im Akutspital und die Sensibilisierung des Pflegefachpersonals für das Thema. Die Pflege soll um die psychische Dimension erweitert werden. Methode: Es erfolgte eine systematisierte Literaturrecherche in drei Datenbanken. Acht Studien wurden mit Hilfe eines Arbeitsinstruments analysiert. Ergebnis: Es ist auf eine fehlende Expertise bei der Identifizierung von Depressionen sowie Einleitung von Massnahmen im Verdachtsfall zu schliessen. Die Anwendung von Screening-Instrumenten zur Identifizierung einer Depression im klinischen Alltag des Akutspitals findet kaum statt. Selbst bei offensichtlicher Depression scheint dies vom Pflegefachpersonal nicht als Problematik betrachtet zu werden, die einer Behandlung wert wäre. Schlussfolgerung: Es gilt, die Expertise schon während der Ausbildung und überdies durch regelmässige Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten in Bezug auf psychische Fachkenntnisse zu verbessern und Screening-Instrumente zur Identifizierung einer Depression im klinischen Alltag zu involvieren. Das Pflegefachpersonal sollte mehr auf die eigene Rolle bei der Leistung von Depressionsdiensten sensibilisiert werden

LCD vs. E-ink: An Analysis of the Reading Behavior

Electronic books (e-book) are an interesting option compared to classic paper books. Most e-reading devices of the first generation were based on e-ink technology. With the appearance of the Apple iPad on the market, TFT-LCDs became important in the field of e-reading. Both technologies have advantages and disadvantages but the question remains whether one or the other technology is better for reading. In the present study we analyzed and compared reading behavior when reading on e-inkreader (e-ink displays) and on tablets (TFT-LCDs) as measured by eye-tracking. The results suggest that the reading behavior on tablets is indeed very similar to the reading behavior on e-ink-reader. Participants showed no difference in fixation duration. Significant differences in reading speed and in the proportion of regressive saccades suggest that tablets, under special artificial light conditions, may even provide better legibility

Copper carbenes alkylate guanine chemoselectively through a substrate directed reaction

Cu(I) carbenes derived from α-diazocarbonyl compounds lead to selective alkylation of the O6 position in guanine (O6-G) in mono- and oligonucleotides. Only purine-type lactam oxygens are targeted – other types of amides or lactams are poorly reactive under conditions that give smooth alkylation of guanine. Mechanistic studies point to N7G as a directing group that controls selectivity. Given the importance of O6-G adducts in biology and biotechnology we expect that Cu(I)-catalyzed O6-G alkylation will be a broadly used synthetic tool. While the propensity for transition metals to increase redox damage is well-appreciated, our results suggest that transition metals might also increase the vulnerability of nucleic acids to alkylation damage

Effect of extrusion processing parameters on structure, texture and dietary fibre composition of directly expanded wholegrain oat-based matrices

Oat flour mixed with 30 g/100 g rice flour was extruded with a twin-screw extruder using a central composite orthogonal design. Temperatures (120 °C,140 °C, 160 °C) and moisture (14.5 g/100 g, 17.7 g/100 g, 20.6 g/100 g) were adjusted during extrusion, while screw speed was kept constant (400 rpm). Extrudates were analysed for structure (expansion, density, microstructure), texture (hardness), β-glucan (molecular weight and extractability), as well as fibre content. Expansion varied between 250 and 329%, density between 165 and 457 kg/m3 and hardness between 27 and 64 N. The response surface model showed that more expanded, less dense and less hard extrudates were achieved at low moisture, while high temperature resulted in lower density and hardness. Significant differences in β-glucan extractability were observed depending on extrusion conditions, with values ranging between 0.64 and 1.31 g/100 g. β-glucan extractability correlated with positively with porosity, and negatively with moisture content during extrusion, cell wall thickness and density. The results indicate that conditions that produce a more porous, crispier structure, also increases β-glucan extractability.ISSN:0460-1173ISSN:0023-6438ISSN:1096-112

A user's guide to Sandia's latin hypercube sampling software : LHS UNIX library/standalone version.

This document is a reference guide for the UNIX Library/Standalone version of the Latin Hypercube Sampling Software. This software has been developed to generate Latin hypercube multivariate samples. This version runs on Linux or UNIX platforms. This manual covers the use of the LHS code in a UNIX environment, run either as a standalone program or as a callable library. The underlying code in the UNIX Library/Standalone version of LHS is almost identical to the updated Windows version of LHS released in 1998 (SAND98-0210). However, some modifications were made to customize it for a UNIX environment and as a library that is called from the DAKOTA environment. This manual covers the use of the LHS code as a library and in the standalone mode under UNIX

The use of an artificial nucleotide for polymerase-based recognition of carcinogenic O6-alkylguanine DNA adducts.

Enzymatic approaches for locating alkylation adducts at single-base resolution in DNA could enable new technologies for understanding carcinogenesis and supporting personalized chemotherapy. Artificial nucleotides that specifically pair with alkylated bases offer a possible strategy for recognition and amplification of adducted DNA, and adduct-templated incorporation of an artificial nucleotide has been demonstrated for a model DNA adduct O(6)-benzylguanine by a DNA polymerase. In this study, DNA adducts of biological relevance, O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)-MeG) and O(6)-carboxymethylguanine (O(6)-CMG), were characterized to be effective templates for the incorporation of benzimidazole-derived 2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-O-triphosphates ( BENZI: TP and BIM: TP) by an engineered KlenTaq DNA polymerase. The enzyme catalyzed specific incorporation of the artificial nucleotide BENZI: opposite adducts, with up to 150-fold higher catalytic efficiency for O(6)-MeG over guanine in the template. Furthermore, addition of artificial nucleotide BENZI: was required for full-length DNA synthesis during bypass of O(6)-CMG. Selective incorporation of the artificial nucleotide opposite an O(6)-alkylguanine DNA adduct was verified using a novel 2',3'-dideoxy derivative of BENZI: TP. The strategy was used to recognize adducts in the presence of excess unmodified DNA. The specific processing of BENZI: TP opposite biologically relevant O(6)-alkylguanine adducts is characterized herein as a basis for potential future DNA adduct sequencing technologies

A reconfigurable, tendon-based haptic interface for research into human-environment interactions

Human reaction to external stimuli can be investigated in a comprehensive way by using a versatile virtual-reality setup involving multiple display technologies. It is apparent that versatility remains a main challenge when human reactions are examined through the use of haptic interfaces as the interfaces must be able to cope with the entire range of diverse movements and forces/torques a human subject produces. To address the versatility challenge, we have developed a large-scale reconfigurable tendon-based haptic interface which can be adapted to a large variety of task dynamics and is integrated into a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). To prove the versatility of the haptic interface, two tasks, incorporating once the force and once the velocity extrema of a human subject's extremities, were implemented: a simulator with 3-DOF highly dynamic force feedback and a 3-DOF setup optimized to perform dynamic movements. In addition, a 6-DOF platform capable of lifting a human subject off the ground was realized. For these three applications, a position controller was implemented, adapted to each task, and tested. In the controller tests with highly different, task-specific trajectories, the three robot configurations fulfilled the demands on the application-specific accuracy which illustrates and confirms the versatility of the developed haptic interfac

Early-Life Farm Exposures and Eczema Among Adults in the Agricultural Lung Health Study

Background Several studies conducted in Europe have suggested a protective association between early-life farming exposure and childhood eczema or atopic dermatitis; however, few studies have examined associations in adults. Objectives We investigated associations between early-life exposures and eczema among 3217 adult farmers and farm spouses (mean age, 62.8 years) in a case–control study nested within an US agricultural cohort. Methods We used sampling-weighted logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between early-life exposures and self-reported doctor-diagnosed eczema (273 cases) and polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for a 4-level outcome combining information on eczema and atopy (specific IgE ≥ 0.35). Additionally, we explored genetic and gene–environment associations with eczema. Results Although early-life farming exposures were not associated with eczema overall, several early-life exposures were associated with a reduced risk of having both eczema and atopy. Notably, results suggest stronger protective associations among individuals with both eczema and atopy than among those with either alone. For example, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for having a mother who did farm work while pregnant were 1.01 (0.60, 1.69) for eczema alone and 0.80 (0.65, 0.99) for atopy alone, but 0.54 (0.33, 0.80) for having both. A genetic risk score based on previously identified atopic dermatitis variants was strongly positively associated with eczema, and interaction testing suggested protective effects of several early-life farming exposures only in individuals at lower genetic risk. Conclusions In utero and childhood farming exposures are associated with decreased odds of having eczema with atopy in adults

Gendered effects of COVID-19 school closures: Kenya case study

This brief summarizes a case study that assessed the gendered impact of COVID-19 school closures in Kenya. COVID-19 school closures escalated education inequalities especially for girls and young people in rural areas. These closures exacerbated adolescent mental health issues, food and economic insecurity, and experiences of violence. COVID-19 response programs implemented by both the Government of Kenya and non-state actors were not able to fully mitigate the impacts of school closures for adolescents, teachers, or schools. Continued efforts to understand the implications of school closures and to support vulnerable students are needed