The effect of grapevine leafroll plus yellow speckle disease on annual growth, yield and quality of grapes from Cabernet Franc under two pruning systems

The effects of two combinations of grapevine leafroll plus yellow speckle disease in two high-yielding Sultana selections (H4 and H5) on the performance of Cabernet Franc under two pruning methods were determined over 6 years. When averaged over the 6 years, H5 and H4 reduced the weight of annual growth by 21%and15 %, decreased the yield of fresh fruit by 9 % and 6 %, and depressed the sugar concentration of juice by 0.6 and 0.3 °Brix respectively. The titratable acidity and the pH of juice were slightly affected in some years. The number of inflorescences and mean berry weight were not affected by either virus source. When compared with spur pruning and averaged over the 4 years, cane-pruned vines produced less annual growth (21 % ), progressively less fresh fruit (16 % ), and had lighter berries (9 % ), but effects on the numbers of inflorescences and sugar content were inconsistent between years; the acidity and pH of juice were not affected. Canepruned vines had obviously inferior and more variable fruit-set. However, no visible differences in fruit-set due to the virus sources within each pruning method were detected.There was evidence of a low incidence of natural spread of yellow speckle, but not of leafroll.Holzproduktion sowie Traubenertrag und -qualität von Cabernet Franc bei kombinierter Einwirkung von Leafroll und Yellow speckle disease in Verbindung mit zwei verschiedenen AnschnittsystemenZwei Kombinationen von Leafroll mit Yellow speckle disease wurden von den beiden ertragsstarken Sultana-Klonen H4 und H5 auf die Sorte Cabernet Franc, die auf Zapfen und auf Bogreben angeschnitten war, übertragen. Der Einfluß der Infektion auf die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Sorte wurde über einen Zeitraum von 6 Jahren verfolgt. Im Durchschnitt der 6 Jahre war nach der Krankheitsübertragung von den Infektionsquellen H5 und H4 das Gewicht des jährlich produzierten Holzes um 21 bzw. 15 %, der Traubenertrag (Frischgewicht} um 9 bzw. 6 % und die Mostzuckerkonzentration um 0,6 bzw. 0,3 ° Bri.« verringert. In einigen Jahren waren auch die titrierbare Säure und das pH des Mostes leicht verändert. Die Anzahl der Infloreszenzen und das mittlere Beerengewicht wurden durch keine der beiden Viruskombinationen beeinflußt.Im Vergleich zu den auf Zapfen geschnittenen Reben zeigte Cabernet Franc bei Bogrebenschnitt im Mittel von 4 Jahren einen verringerten jährlichen Holzzuwachs (21 %), stetig abnehmenden Traubenertrag (16 %, bezogen auf Frischgewicht} und leichtere Beeren (9 %); die Anzahl der Infloreszenzen und der Zuckergehalt wurden durch den Anschnitt von Jahr zu Jahr uneinheitlich beeinflußt; ein Einfluß auf Säure und pH des Mostes lag nicht vor. Auf Bogen geschnittene Reben hatten einen deutlich erniedrigten und stärker schwankenden Beerenansatz. Innerhalb eines Schnittsystems wirkten sich die unterschiedlichen Virusherkünfte jedoch nicht merklich auf den Beerenansatz aus.Es wurde eine langsame natürliche Ausbreitung von Yellow speckle, aber nicht von Leafroll nachgewiesen

EFFIP (E-support for Families & Friends of Individuals affected by Psychosis) – developing and evaluating an eHealth complex intervention for family carers

Abstract of Speaker presentation, delivered at European Academy of Nursing Science Summer Conference 2018: Leadership in Nursing: challenges for the future, Ghent, Belgium, 11-12 July 2018.Background - Participatory action research (PAR) is active, collaborative and seeks to develop knowledge from everyday occurrences (Reason and Bradbury 2013). A creative movement workshop developed from the Lydia Osteoporosis PAR Project 2 (LOP 2) and enabled volunteer local research collaborators and participants to articulate new practice knowledge.Lydia Osteoporosis PAR Project 2 (LOP 2)17pubpubSuppl

Virtual patients designed for training against medical error: Exploring the impact of decision-making on learner motivation.

OBJECTIVES: Medical error is a significant cause of patient harms in clinical practice, but education and training are recognised as having a key role in minimising their incidence. The use of virtual patient (VP) activities targeting training in medical error allows learners to practice patient management in a safe environment. The inclusion of branched decision-making elements in the activities has the potential to drive additional generative cognitive processing and improved learning outcomes, but the increased cognitive load on learning risks negatively affecting learner motivation. The aim of this study is to better understand the impact that the inclusion of decision-making and inducing errors within the VP activities has on learner motivation. METHODS: Using a repeated study design, over a period of six weeks we provided undergraduate medical students at six institutions in three countries with a series of six VPs written around errors in paediatric practice. Participants were divided into two groups and received either linearly structured VPs or ones that incorporated branched decision-making elements. Having completed all the VPs, each participant was asked to complete a survey designed to assess their motivation and learning strategies. RESULTS: Our analysis showed that in general, there was no significant difference in learner motivation between those receiving the linear VPs and those who received branched decision-making VPs. The same results were generally reflected across all six institutions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of decision-making elements did not make a significant difference to undergraduate medical students' motivation, perceived self-efficacy or adopted learning strategies. The length of the intervention was sufficient for learners to overcome any increased cognitive load associated with branched decision-making elements being included in VPs. Further work is required to establish any immediate impact within periods shorter than the length of our study or upon achieved learning outcomes

Recovering 3D Shape with Absolute Size from Endoscope Images Using RBF Neural Network

Medical diagnosis judges the status of polyp from the size and the 3D shape of the polyp from its medical endoscope image. However the medical doctor judges the status empirically from the endoscope image and more accurate 3D shape recovery from its 2D image has been demanded to support this judgment. As a method to recover 3D shape with high speed, VBW (Vogel-Breuß-Weickert) model is proposed to recover 3D shape under the condition of point light source illumination and perspective projection. However, VBW model recovers the relative shape but there is a problem that the shape cannot be recovered with the exact size. Here, shape modification is introduced to recover the exact shape with modification from that with VBW model. RBF-NN is introduced for the mapping between input and output. Input is given as the output of gradient parameters of VBW model for the generated sphere. Output is given as the true gradient parameters of true values of the generated sphere. Learning mapping with NN can modify the gradient and the depth can be recovered according to the modified gradient parameters. Performance of the proposed approach is confirmed via computer simulation and real experiment

Reactivity of Gold Hydrides: O2 Insertion into the Au–H Bond

Dioxygen reacts with the gold(I) hydride (IPr)AuH under insertion to give the hydroperoxide, (IPr)AuOOH, a long-postulated reaction in gold catalysis and the first demonstration of O2 activation by Au-H in a well-defined system. Subsequent condensation gave the peroxide (IPr)Au-OO-Au(IPr) (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene). The reaction kinetics are reported, as well as the reactivity of Au(I) hydrides with radical scavengers

Large retroperitoneal isolated fibrous cyst in absence of preceding trauma or acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Isolated retroperitoneal cystic masses are uncommon with an estimated incidence of 1/5750 to 1/250,000. The majority present with size related symptoms, complications, or a mass. Approximately a third of patients are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally. Aetiologies of retroperitoneal cystic masses (RPC) include mesenteric, omental, splenic and enteric duplication cysts. Neoplastic RPCs can be divided into epithelial (mucinous or serous cystadenoma), mesothelial (mesothelioma), germ cell (cystic teratoma) and cystic changes in a solid neoplasm (paraganglioma, neurilemmoma, sarcoma). CASE PRESENTATION: A 53 year-old man presented to us with abdominal pain related to a large mass in his left upper quadrant with associated anorexia and weight loss. He gave no history of previous trauma and denied having symptoms or a history of pancreatitis. He said he had felt this mass increasing in size over the course of several years. Clinical examination of his abdomen revealed a large firm left sided mass extending to his left upper quadrant. Imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging cholangio-pancreatogram (MRCP) revealed a 13.7 cm × 12.2 cm × 10.9 cm cystic lesion in the retroperitoneum which was separate from the kidney, pancreas, spleen and bowel. At laparotomy, this mass was easily dissected from the surrounding viscera and was excised completely intact. Histopathological assessment found the mass to be a large fibrous pseudocyst with no epithelial lining. CONCLUSION: We present a rare case of an isolated large retroperitoneal fibrous pseudocyst unrelated to previous pancreatitis which was successfully managed with surgery.Julie Ahn, Manju D Chandrasegaram, Khaled Alsaleh, Benjamin L Woodham, Adrian Teo, Amithaba Das, Neil D Merrett, and Christos Apostolo

Solving the Uncalibrated Photometric Stereo Problem using Total Variation

International audienceIn this paper we propose a new method to solve the problem of uncalibrated photometric stereo, making very weak assumptions on the properties of the scene to be reconstructed. Our goal is to solve the generalized bas-relief ambiguity (GBR) by performing a total variation regularization of both the estimated normal field and albedo. Unlike most of the previous attempts to solve this ambiguity, our approach does not rely on any prior information about the shape or the albedo, apart from its piecewise smoothness. We test our method on real images and obtain results comparable to the state-of-the-art algorithms