Sonographic Detection of Cutaneous Myiasis

Cutaneous maggots are occasionally encountered in the emergency department. We present a case in which maggots were visually identified and ultrasound was used to detect additional maggots below the skin crevices in a patient with elephantiasis nostras verrucosa

Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.</p

Addressing climate change with behavioral science: a global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors

Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.</p

A Roadmap for HEP Software and Computing R&D for the 2020s

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.Peer reviewe

Histone H3.3 beyond cancer: Germline mutations in Histone 3 Family 3A and 3B cause a previously unidentified neurodegenerative disorder in 46 patients

Although somatic mutations in Histone 3.3 (H3.3) are well-studied drivers of oncogenesis, the role of germline mutations remains unreported. We analyze 46 patients bearing de novo germline mutations in histone 3 family 3A (H3F3A) or H3F3B with progressive neurologic dysfunction and congenital anomalies without malignancies. Molecular modeling of all 37 variants demonstrated clear disruptions in interactions with DNA, other histones, and histone chaperone proteins. Patient histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) analysis revealed notably aberrant local PTM patterns distinct from the somatic lysine mutations that cause global PTM dysregulation. RNA sequencing on patient cells demonstrated up-regulated gene expression related to mitosis and cell division, and cellular assays confirmed an increased proliferative capacity. A zebrafish model showed craniofacial anomalies and a defect in Foxd3-derived glia. These data suggest that the mechanism of germline mutations are distinct from cancer-associated somatic histone mutations but may converge on control of cell proliferation

Sonographic Detection of Cutaneous Myiasis

Cutaneous maggots are occasionally encountered in the emergency department. We present a case in which maggots were visually identified and ultrasound was used to detect additional maggots below the skin crevices in a patient with elephantiasis nostras verrucosa

Comparison of 4f-PCC and and-exanet alfa for reversal of apixaban- and rivaroxaban-associated ICH

Introduction/Hypothesis: Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates (4F-PCC) and andexanet alfa are two reversal agents commonly used in the management of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) associated with oral factor-Xa inhibitor use. The limited data available has not identified an agent with superior clinical efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes in patients who experienced an ICH while taking apixaban or rivaroxaban and were reversed with 4F-PCC or andexanet alfa. Methods: This retrospective cohort included adult patients that received 4F-PCC or andexanet alfa for the initial management of an apixaban- or rivaroxaban-associated ICH. Patients that received 4F-PCC or andexanet alfa for any other indication were excluded. A primary outcome of excellent or good hemostatic efficacy at 12 hours post-reversal was assessed. Secondary outcomes evaluated were change in hematoma volume size at 12 hours, functional status at discharge, the need for surgical intervention or additional hemostatic agents post-reversal, new thrombotic event within 30 days, 28-day all-cause mortality, discharge disposition, and hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay. Results: Seventy patients were included in this study (4F-PCC, n = 47; andexanet alfa, n = 23). Median baseline hematoma volumes were similar between the 4F-PCC and andexanet alfa groups (15.7 vs 22.3 mL, p = 0.25). Baseline ICH scores were significantly higher in the andexanet alfa group (2 vs 3, p = 0.03). For the primary outcome, 21 patients were included in the 4F-PCC group and 12 in the andexanet alfa group. The rate of effective hemostasis was similar between the 4F-PCC and andexanet alfa groups (66.7% vs 75%, p = 0.62). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality and thrombotic complications within 30 days of reversal. Conclusions: In patients who experienced an ICH while taking apixaban or rivaroxaban, 4F-PCC and andexanet alfa were found to have similar rates of excellent or good hemostatic efficacy