237 research outputs found
Species doubling and effective Lagrangians
Coupling gauge fields to the chiral currents from an effective Lagrangian for
pseudoscalar mesons naturally gives rise to a species doubling phenomenon
similar to that seen with fermionic fields in lattice gauge theory.Comment: 4 pages, uses espcrc.sty. Talk presented at LATTICE96(poster
CPT and Other Symmetries in String/M Theory
We initiate a search for non-perturbative consistency conditions in M theory.
Some non-perturbative conditions are already known in Type I theories; we
review these and search for others. We focus principally on possible anomalies
in discrete symmetries. It is generally believed that discrete symmetries in
string theories are gauge symmetries, so anomalies would provide evidence for
inconsistencies. Using the orbifold cosmic string construction, we give some
evidence that the symmetries we study are gauged. We then search for anomalies
in discrete symmetries in a variety of models, both with and without
supersymmetry. In symmetric orbifold models we extend previous searches, and
show in a variety of examples that all anomalies may be canceled by a
Green-Schwarz mechanism. We explore some asymmetric orbifold constructions and
again find that all anomalies may be canceled this way. Then we turn to Type
IIB orientifold models where it is known that even perturbative anomalies are
non-universal. In the examples we study, by combining geometric discrete
symmetries with continuous gauge symmetries, one may define non-anomalous
discrete symmetries already in perturbation theory; in other cases, the
anomalies are universal. Finally, we turn to the question of CPT conservation
in string/M theory. It is well known that CPT is conserved in all string
perturbation expansions; here in a number of examples for which a
non-perturbative formulation is available we provide evidence that it is
conserved exactly.Comment: 52 pages.1 paragraph added in introduction to clarify assumption
Topology of SU(N) gauge theories at T=0 and T=Tc
We calculate the topological charge density of SU(N) lattice gauge fields for
values of N up to N=8. Our T=0 topological susceptibility appears to approach a
finite non-zero limit at N=infinity that is consistent with earlier
extrapolations from smaller values of N. Near the deconfining temperature Tc we
are able to investigate separately the confined and deconfined phases, since
the transition is quite strongly first order. We find that the topological
susceptibility of the confined phase is always very similar to that at T=0. By
contrast, in the deconfined phase at larger N there are no topological
fluctuations except for rare, isolated and small instantons. This shows that as
N->infinity the large-T suppression of large instantons and the large-N
suppression of small instantons overlap, even at T=Tc, so as to suppress all
topological fluctuations in the deconfined phase. In the confined phase by
contrast, the size distribution is much the same at all T, becoming more peaked
as N grows, suggesting that D(rho) is proportional to a delta function at
N=infinity, centered on rho close to 1/Tc.Comment: 31 page
On the Possibility of Large Axion Decay Constants
The decay constant of the QCD axion is required by observation to be small
compared to the Planck scale. In theories of "natural inflation," and certain
proposed anthropic solutions of the cosmological constant problem, it would be
interesting to obtain a large decay constant for axion-like fields from
microscopic physics. String theory is the only context in which one can
sensibly address this question. Here we survey a number of periodic fields in
string theory in a variety of string vacua. In some examples, the decay
constant can be parameterically larger than the Planck scale but the effective
action then contains appreciable harmonics of order . As a result,
these fields are no better inflaton candidates than Planck scale axions.Comment: 17 pages, no figures, minor change mad
Un estudio comparativo de las respuestas a cumplidos producidas por hablantes del español de México y del Inglés de Irlanda
The purpose of the present study is to compare the compliment responses (CRs) provided by 60 native Mexican Spanish speakers and 60 Irish English native speakers. Using a discourse completion task, 1080 responses were analyzed based on Herbert’s (1989) and Nelson, El Bakary and Al-Batal’s (1993) taxonomy. Findings suggest the existence of cross-cultural similarities in Irish and Mexican CRs in the frequency of deflecting comments and the mechanisms that are used to redirect the praise force. Second, the two languages differ in important ways. In responding to compliments, Irish recipients are much more likely than Mexican speakers to use a single strategy when formulating CRs. The findings further show that social factors (social distance, social power, gender, and the topic of the compliment) in both Mexican and Irish society seem to be crucial parameters in the formulation and acceptance or rejection of a compliment.El propĂłsito del presente estudio fue comparar las respuestas a cumplidos (RC) producidas por 60 hablantes nativos de español de MĂ©xico y 60 hablantes nativos de inglĂ©s de Irlanda. La base de datos se recabĂł mediante un instrumento llamado discourse completion task, el cual permitiĂł obtener 1080 respuestas, las cuales se analizaron usando la taxonomĂa propuesta por Herbert (1989) y Nelson, El Bakary y Al-Batal (1993). Los resultados muestran tres aspectos importantes. El primer resultado sugiere la existencia de similitudes entre las RCs irlandesas y mexicanas con respecto al empleo de estrategias de mitigaciĂłn con el propĂłsito de desviar los comentarios y redirigir el cumplido. En segundo lugar, los dos grupos difieren en aspectos importantes. Al responder a los cumplidos, los destinatarios irlandeses son mucho más propensos que los hablantes mexicanos a usar una sola estrategia, mientras que los mexicanos utilizan dos o más para formular las RCs. Los resultados muestran además que los factores sociales (distancia social, poder social, gĂ©nero y el tema del cumplido) en la sociedad mexicana y en la irlandesa parecen ser parámetros cruciales en la formulaciĂłn y aceptaciĂłn o rechazo de un cumplido
Some Explorations in Holomorphy
In supersymmetric theories, one can obtain striking results and insights by
exploiting the fact that the superpotential and the gauge coupling function are
holomorphic functions of the model parameters. The precise meaning of this
holomorphy is subtle, and has been explained most clearly by Shifman and
Vainshtein, who have stressed the role of the Wilsonian effective action. In
this note, we elaborate on the Shifman-Vainshtein program, applying it to
examples in grand unification, supersymmetric QCD and string theory. We stress
that among the ``model parameters" are the cutoffs used to define the Wilsonian
action itself, and that generically these must be defined in a field-dependent
manner to obtain holomorphic results.Comment: (26 pages and 2 figures as one uuencoded PostScript file) SCIPP
94/11. Important references added; typos correcte
Effects of D-instantons
Scattering of fundamental states of type IIB supergravity and superstring
theory is discussed at low orders in perturbation theory in the background of a
D-instanton. The integration over fermionic zero modes in both the low energy
supergravity and in the string theory leads to explicit nonperturbative terms
in the effective action. These include a single instanton correction to the
known tree-level and one-loop interactions. The `spectrum' of
multiply-charged D-instantons is deduced by T-duality in nine dimensions from
multiply-wound world-lines of marginally-bound D-particles. This, and other
clues, lead to a conjectured SL(2,Z) completion of the terms which
suggests that they are not renormalized by perturbative corrections in the
zero-instanton sector beyond one loop. The string theory unit-charged
D-instanton gives rise to point-like effects in fixed-angle scattering, raising
unresolved issues concerning distance scales in superstring theory.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figures, Latex, Reference added, corrected coefficients
in expansion of generalized Eisenstein series in equation 66 now agree with
hep-th/970414
Modeling Time's Arrow
Quantum gravity, the initial low entropy state of the Universe, and the
problem of time are interlocking puzzles. In this article, we address the
origin of the arrow of time from a cosmological perspective motivated by a
novel approach to quantum gravitation. Our proposal is based on a quantum
counterpart of the equivalence principle, a general covariance of the dynamical
phase space. We discuss how the nonlinear dynamics of such a system provides a
natural description for cosmological evolution in the early Universe. We also
underscore connections between the proposed non-perturbative quantum gravity
model and fundamental questions in non-equilibrium statistical physics.Comment: 18 page
A Magnetic Monopole in Pure SU(2) Gauge Theory
The magnetic monopole in euclidean pure SU(2) gauge theory is investigated
using a background field method on the lattice.
With Monte Carlo methods we study the mass of the monopole in the full
quantum theory.
The monopole background under the quantum fluctuations is induced by imposing
fixed monopole boundary conditions on the walls of a finite lattice volume.
By varying the gauge coupling it is possible to study monopoles with scales
from the hadronic scale up to high energies.
The results for the monopole mass are consistent with a conjecture we made
previously in a realization of the dual superconductor hypothesis of
confinement.Comment: 33 pages uufiles-compressed PostScript including (all) 12 figures,
preprint numbers ITFA-93-19 (Amsterdam), OUTP-93-21P (Oxford), DFTUZ/93/23
(Zaragoza
Note on Discrete Gauge Anomalies
We consider the probem of gauging discrete symmetries. All valid constraints
on such symmetries can be understood in the low energy theory in terms of
instantons. We note that string perturbation theory often exhibits global
discrete symmetries, which are broken non-perturbatively.Comment: 9 page
- …