Influence of Surcharge Loading, Retained Soil and Restrained Soil on Design of Diaphragm Wall

Many different types of embedded retaining wall are constructed due to the increasing demands. In Yangon, Myanmar is encountered deep excavation problem. Many buildings are damaged due to excavation of adjacent building. Therefore, embedded retaining wall as excavation support system is necessary to be sustainable buildings. There are important that influence of surcharge loading, retained soil and restrained soil on design of embedded retaining wall.  In this paper, diaphragm Wall is emphasized and solved using soil structure interaction analysis. Behaviour of diaphragm Wall wall is based on various factors. Consider with natural and increasing of shear strength parameter of retained and restrained soils to get the level of the dredge line is stiff soil and various distances from wall to surcharge. Sites are located in urban setting, there are near building and separately from main structure. This project involves the construction of 5 m depth retaining wall. In case study (A) retained soils is soft, medium (low) clay, restrained soil is mostly cohesive soil. There are medium (low), stiff, medium, hard soil layers.  In case studies (B to H) are increasing shear strength parameter of retained soil and restrained soil. All cases are considered with various distances from wall to surcharge. According to the soil conditions and distance from wall to surcharge, Wall depth, horizontal and vertical movement of ground and wall deflection are described. When retained and restrained soil reach stiff condition, then ground movement and wall deflection reach acceptable limit and wall depth become more safe and economical condition

Allopurinol causing generalized exfoliative dermatitis: a case report

Erythroderma is a scaly, erythematous dermatitis of the skin, which occurs in drug allergy, malignancy and underlying skin disorders. The diagnosis is challenging because the extent of skin involvement does not always correlate with the extent of internal organ involvement. Therefore, early recognition of symptoms is vital to minimize morbidity and mortality. Case report: A 52 years old man had asymptomatic hyperuricemia and prescribed allopurinol 300mg, daily. One month later, the rashes started to appear on his trunk and then progressed to the face and upper limbs. Then it continued to spread to the lower extremities. Management involves prompt cessation of the culprit drug, administration of corticosteroids and supportive treatment. It is Concluded that Allopurinol is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of symptomatic hyperuricemia and gout. It has been associated with erythroderma especially when used indiscriminately

Autonomous Parallel Parking of a Car-Like Mobile Robot with Geometric Path Planning

With the advancement of technology making everything so convenient in these days and ages, autonomous system is very interesting area in the innovating technology. One of the advanced booming technologies for the improvement of human race is autonomous taxi mobile transportation system. It is working well in a district area but it still thrives on making more comfortable. This research will be one point of supporting roles for automobile in parallel parking. An autonomous parallel parking of a car-like mobile robot has been developed in this study. The ultrasonic range sensors are used to detect the working environments and design an s-shaped trajectory between two parallel parked vehicles. One trail maneuver system is used to be moving along the s-shaped trajectory parking path. The s-shaped trajectory is purely based on the geometric approach path planning method. The proposed method is not dependent on the initial pose of the robot but it must be parallel with the parking space. Sensor data are used as the main decision part to change the parking states instance of to find the parking space and adjust robot orientation. Fuzzy filter is applied to stabilize the sensor data and give a quick response input. The working environment is constrained by the wall and sensor arrangement. Visual studio 2013 is used for the user interface window. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through some experimental results with a car-like mobile robot

Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Threat, Treatment, and Future trends in Management

Emergence of antibiotic resistance is a global concern in this era to combat infectious diseases. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of communityacquired respiratory tract infections and the drug of choice for treatment was penicillin. However, the first clinically significant penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococcus (PNSP) was documented in 1967. Since then, penicillin resistance strain had been identified in different continents of the world. Among 94 serotypes of S. pneumoniae, ―paediatric serotypes‖ (6A, 6B, 9V, 14, 15A, 19A, 19F and 23F) were found to have the highest resistance to penicillin and erythromycin globally. The mechanism of penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is conveyed by the alternation of the structure of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), which leads to reducing the affinity for penicillin. There is a relationship between antibiotic consumption and dissemination of antibiotic resistant pneumococcal clones in Southern and Eastern Europe, America, and Asia. Therefore, rational use of antibiotics is important in order to decrease the development and spread of resistant strains. After the introduction of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 7 vaccines, non-vaccine serotypes like 6C, 11A, 15A, and 15B/C have increased in prevalence. Since the changes in serotype prevalence due to selective pressure have been observed, it is necessary to monitor the prevalent serotypes. Optimal coverage may be achieved by using vaccines with a wide range of serotype coverage in the future. In managing pneumococcal infections, sensitivity tests are important to choose the appropriate antibiotics. In severe pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia patients at the area of high prevalence of PNSP, the initial antibiotics must include intravenous carbapenems, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime or newer quinolones, meanwhile, penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis (≥ 2 µg/ml) is vancomycin and ceftriaxone or cefotaxime. Judicious use of antibiotics, modification of the treatment duration and encouragement for adherence by patients are recommended to prevent antibiotic resistance. Development of new classes of drugs and novel therapeutic regimen is essential to overcome the hazard of penicillin resistance pneumococcal infection in future. Keywords: Penicillin resistance, β-Lactams, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Communityacquired respiratory tract infections

Surveillance to achieve malaria elimination in eastern Myanmar: a 7-year observational study

Background The collection and utilization of surveillance data is essential in monitoring progress towards achieving malaria elimination, in the timely response to increases in malaria case numbers and in the assessment of programme functioning. This paper describes the surveillance activities used by the malaria elimination task force (METF) programme which operates in eastern Myanmar, and provides an analysis of data collected from weekly surveillance, case investigations, and monitoring and evaluation of programme performance. Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted using data collected from a network of 1250 malaria posts operational between 2014 and 2021. To investigate changes in data completeness, malaria post performance, malaria case numbers, and the demographic details of malaria cases, summary statistics were used to compare data collected over space and time. Results In the first 3 years of the METF programme, improvements in data transmission routes resulted in a 18.9% reduction in late reporting, allowing for near real-time analysis of data collected at the malaria posts. In 2020, travel restrictions were in place across Karen State in response to COVID-19, and from February 2021 the military coup in Myanmar resulted in widescale population displacement. However, over that period there has been no decline in malaria post attendance, and the majority of consultations continue to occur within 48 h of fever onset. Case investigations found that 43.8% of cases travelled away from their resident village in the 3 weeks prior to diagnosis and 36.3% reported never using a bed net whilst sleeping in their resident village, which increased to 72.2% when sleeping away from their resident village. Malaria post assessments performed in 82.3% of the METF malaria posts found malaria posts generally performed to a high standard. Conclusions Surveillance data collected by the METF programme demonstrate that despite significant changes in the context in which the programme operates, malaria posts have remained accessible and continue to provide early diagnosis and treatment contributing to an 89.3% decrease in Plasmodium falciparum incidence between 2014 and 2021

The USA and the ABM Issue (Anatoly Rozanov)

Раздел - "Международные отношения"The article analyses the evolution of the US approach to the ABMT over the last decades. Special attention is given to the arguments of the supporters and the opponents of deployment of the ABM defence system in the US and to the assessment of the differences in the treatment of this problem by the USA and their European NATO allies. The article shows that the claim of George W. Bush's administration for the conceptual innovations in grounding the new deterrent strategy variant based on defensive weapons does not stand up under scrutiny. A conclusion is drawn that the establishment of the ABM territorial system could undermine strategic stability and adversely affect the relations between the US and Russia

The use of medial clavicular epiphysis ossification stages for bone age determination

Introduction. Bone age determination is a radiological method investigating the compatibility of ossification processes of bones with chronological ages. Aim. We aimed to investigate the use of CT staging of the medial clavicular epiphyseal ossification in bone age determination in Turkish adolescents and young adults. Material and methods. Chest CT exams of 2018 patients between 11 and 35 years of age were retrospectively evaluated for epiphyseal ossification stages of the bilateral medial clavicles (4036 clavicles) on both axial&coronal images and compared with the sex and chronologic age of the individuals in Turkey. Results. For stage 2,3 and 4 the ages of women were greater than men and it was statistically significant. For an individual classified as stage 4,it can be said with certainty that he or she has already reached the age of 18.There was no statistically significant difference between left&right sides and between the axial&coronal images.In addition, it was found that the medial clavicular head epiphyses showed a lot of variation. Conclusion. CT evaluation of the medial clavicular epiphysis ossification stages is helpful in determination of the individuals over the age of 18. Regardless of the sex, the stage 4 can be used as a criterion to make the prediction that an individual is older than 18 years

An Important Ga p between the Awareness and Practices of Rural People in Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Minbu and Bogalay

Since the 19905 the word "sustainability' became popular in all academic disciplines. With the acceleration in usage of the word sustainability. the public awareness became popular. Many academic publications and government movements are related 10 public awareness. However. there are still a gap between awareness and actual practices of people. Due to this gap. although people arc aware about some negative impacts of their action. they usually carry on conducting or hesitate to conduct something that has positive impact. This paper tried to find out the factors that make differences between awareness and practices from two different case studies (Minbu and Bogalay) by means o f structured Interviews and open talks to the villagers. The result of this study show that acquired information of the people changed into awareness with the combination of individual's knowledge level. Man)' acquired informal ion do not actually reach into the level of awareness. In next stage. awareness has 10 pass through individual' s situation (three filters: social. economic. and cultural filters) and environmental condition s (institutional and physical facilities! constraints). Due to different combination of above three individual internal factors and two external environmental l factors gaps are occurred between awareness and practice of people in concern with sustainable development

The Study on Annual Effective Dose of Different Kinds of Soil in Yangon University of Education Using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (LR115)

Samples of soil from different University hostels have been analyzed for radon concentrations and annual effective dose. For the measurement, alpha sensitive LR115 Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNDT) were used. In this research, the calculated value of radon concentration emanated from the soil samples varied from 28 ± 24.665 Bqm-3 to 314 ± 41.589Bqm-3 and the average annual effective dose is varied from 0.48 ± 0.424 m Svy-1 to 5.40 ± 0.715 m Svy-1 . According to these results, it was not found the higher level of radon concentration and the annual effective dose which are lower than 14m Svy-1 , the ICRP recommended level

Assessing Students’ Numeracy through Item Response Theory

The objectives of this study were to investigate the Grade 6 students’ numeracy and to develop a numeracy test by using the two-parameter logistic Item Response Theory (IRT). Questionnaire survey method was used to measure students’ numeracy. The data were collected in two regions and one state of Myanmar. Simple random sampling technique was used in this study. Alpha reliability for Numeracy Test for Grade 6 Students revealed at 0.85. In this study, gender related difference was found to be on number operation sense component, measurement and shape component, statistics component and the whole test of numeracy. In addition, results also revealed that the mean score of Grade 6 students from urban schools was higher than that of students from rural schools on each subcomponent of numeracy test as well as the whole numeracy tes