STRATEGI ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE SHARING SETTING PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP SISWA TERHADAP MATEMATIKA

Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri atas dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdapat empat tahapan yang dilalui yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa dan guru kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ciawi Bogor. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dan non tes. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis deskripstif kualitatif. Penerapan pembelajaran bercirikan active knowledge sharing dengan pendekatan saintifik meningkatkan sikap terhadap matematika siswa kelas VIII MTs SMP Negeri 1 Ciawi. Strategi active knowledge sharing memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk saling berbagi pengetahuan secara aktif. Kompetisi antar peserta didik dapat dikurangi karena siswa diajarkan untuk saling membantu teman dalam hal kegiatan belajar. Siswa diarahkan untuk berpikir kritis dan kreatif dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika yang diberikan. Selain pada tingkat sikap terhadap matematika, kemampuan kognitif siswa juga mengalami peningkatan, namun persentase kenaikan kemampuan sikap siswa terhadap matematika lebih besar daripada persentase kenaikan kognitif siswa. KATA KUNCI: active knowledge sharing, pendekatan saintifik, sikap terhadap matematika  THE STRATEGY OF ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE SHARING BASED ON SCIENTIVIC APPROACH TO INCREASE STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD MATHEMATICS ABSTRACTThis study uses a classroom action research design consisting of two cycles. Each cycle there are four stages through which planning, execution, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study are students and teachers of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ciawi Bogor. Technique of collecting data using test and non test technique. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. Implementation of learning is characterized by active knowledge sharing with scientific approach to improve attitude toward mathematics students of class VIII MTs SMP Negeri 1 Ciawi. The active knowledge sharing strategy allows students to actively share their knowledge. Competition among students can be reduced because students are taught to help each other friends in terms of learning activities. Students are directed to think critically and creatively in solving the given mathematical problems. In addition to the level of attitudes toward mathematics, students 'cognitive abilities also increased, but the percentage increase in students' attitudes toward mathematics is greater than the percentage of student cognitive improvement

Remodelling of a polypyrimidine tract-binding protein complex during apoptosis activates cellular IRESs.

Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is mediated by the interaction of RNA-binding proteins with their cognate mRNAs that specifically regulate their stability, localization and translation. mRNA-binding proteins are multifunctional and it has been proposed therefore that a combinatorial RNA-binding protein code exists that allows specific protein sub-complexes to control cytoplasmic gene expression under a range of pathophysiological conditions. We show that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) is central to one such complex that forms in apoptotic cells. Thus, during apoptosis initiated by TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand there is a change in the repertoire of RNA-binding proteins with which PTB interacts. We show that altering the cellular levels of PTB and its binding partners, either singly or in combination, is sufficient to directly change the rates of apoptosis with increased expression of PTB, YBX1, PSF and NONO/p54(nrb) accelerating this process. Mechanistically, we show that these proteins post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, and therefore apoptotic rates, by interacting with and stimulating the activity of RNA elements (internal ribosome entry segments) found in mRNAs that are translated during apoptosis. Taken together, our data show that PTB function is controlled by a set of co-recruited proteins and importantly provide further evidence that it is possible to dictate cell fate by modulating cytoplasmic gene expression pathways alone

Historical Sunspot Observations: A Review

Early observations of sunspot were realised by the naked eye. Possible utilization of these records for studying the long-term change in the Sun is discussed here. Other historical sunspot observations with camera obscuras are also discussed. Moreover, the best record of the behaviour of the Sun exists for the last four centuries thanks to the observations of sunspots with telescope. These observations should allow us to know the number, position, and area of sunspots as well as some relevant episodes (Maunder Minimum, optical flares, etc.). Rudolf Wolf developed the first reconstruction of solar activity in the 19th century. The next reconstruction was made by Hoyt and Schatten in 1998 by improving the database and using a new methodological approach. Here some mistakes, pending tasks and minor improvements are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Adv. Space Re

Demonstrating HIVE and HIVE-ES: Supporting Term Browsing and Automatic Text Indexing with Linked Open Vocabularies

Abstract y presentación presentados en el WorkshopThe HIVE (Helping Interdisciplinary Vocabulary Engineering) and HIVE-España (ES) projects both support dynamic, automatic metadata generation using multiple vocabularies. This demonstration will present both the HIVE and HIVE-ES projects and showcase the overarching HIVE framework and functionalities, and give insight into the broader issues relating to linked open vocabularies—LOV. HIVE relies on the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) and the Kea++/Maui algorithms, which enable more sophisticated terminological selection compared to frequency counts. Baseline studies provide some positive, yet mixed results, and a framework for further study. The adequacy of HIVE and HIVE-ES's searching and browsing capabilities are required to be addressed; and the research should target SKOS use for different types of vocabularies (thesaurus vs. subject heading lists) and, specially on the performance of the text indexing algorithms used depending on the type of vocabulary, the features of the training set documents and those indexed, and the language of all of them

How do you say ‘hello’? Personality impressions from brief novel voices

On hearing a novel voice, listeners readily form personality impressions of that speaker. Accurate or not, these impressions are known to affect subsequent interactions; yet the underlying psychological and acoustical bases remain poorly understood. Furthermore, hitherto studies have focussed on extended speech as opposed to analysing the instantaneous impressions we obtain from first experience. In this paper, through a mass online rating experiment, 320 participants rated 64 sub-second vocal utterances of the word ‘hello’ on one of 10 personality traits. We show that: (1) personality judgements of brief utterances from unfamiliar speakers are consistent across listeners; (2) a two-dimensional ‘social voice space’ with axes mapping Valence (Trust, Likeability) and Dominance, each driven by differing combinations of vocal acoustics, adequately summarises ratings in both male and female voices; and (3) a positive combination of Valence and Dominance results in increased perceived male vocal Attractiveness, whereas perceived female vocal Attractiveness is largely controlled by increasing Valence. Results are discussed in relation to the rapid evaluation of personality and, in turn, the intent of others, as being driven by survival mechanisms via approach or avoidance behaviours. These findings provide empirical bases for predicting personality impressions from acoustical analyses of short utterances and for generating desired personality impressions in artificial voices

Klebsiella pneumoniae is able to trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in cultured airway epithelial cells

The ability of some bacterial pathogens to activate Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition normally is a consequence of the persistence of a local chronic inflammatory response or depends on a direct interaction of the pathogens with the host epithelial cells. In this study we monitored the abilities of the K. pneumoniae to activate the expression of genes related to EMT-like processes and the occurrence of phenotypic changes in airway epithelial cells during the early steps of cell infection. We describe changes in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased HIF-1α mRNA expression in cells exposed to K. pneumoniae infection. We also describe the upregulation of a set of transcription factors implicated in the EMT processes, such as Twist, Snail and ZEB, indicating that the morphological changes of epithelial cells already appreciable after few hours from the K. pneumoniae infection are tightly regulated by the activation of transcriptional pathways, driving epithelial cells to EMT. These effects appear to be effectively counteracted by resveratrol, an antioxidant that is able to exert a sustained scavenging of the intracellular ROS. This is the first report indicating that strains of K. pneumoniae may promote EMT-like programs through direct interaction with epithelial cells without the involvement of inflammatory cells

Breeding biology and conservation of the Marsh Seedeater Sporophila palustris

El Capuchino Pecho Blanco Sporophila palustris es uno de los capuchinos menos conocidos y uno de los más amenazados. Sus poblaciones reproductivas son locales, fragmentadas y ocurren en el nordeste de Argentina, sudeste de Brasil y en Uruguay. Presentamos datos reproductivos describiendo nidos y huevos, comportamiento (incluyendo cortejo, nidificación, incubación y cuidado parental), sitios de anidación y datos sobre alimentación. El Capuchino Pecho Blanco nidifica en pastizales altos y húmedos en buen estado de conservación. Estos hábitats en general se han convertido en áreas ganaderas. Las principales amenazas son sobrepastoreo, uso generalizado del fuego, drenaje de humedales, reemplazo total del hábitat por pasturas y forestaciones y captura ilegal. La mayoría de los sitios se localizan en AICAs, pero sólo uno en Brasil y otro en Argentina se encuentran protegidos. Finalmente, proponemos una serie de medidas que contribuyen a la preservación del Capuchino Pecho Blanco y de otras aves amenazadas que conviven con este.The Marsh Seedeater Sporophila palustris is one of the most endangered and least known of the capuchino seedeaters. Breeding populations are patchy, occurring in north-east Argentina,southern Brazil, and Uruguay. We present data on the breeding biology of the species, and describe nests and eggs, behaviour (including courtship, nesting, incubation and parental care), breeding sites and food items. Marsh Seedeaters breed in well-preserved grasslands with wet soils and tall vegetation. In general, these habitats are used for extensive livestock ranching. Main threats are overgrazing, widespread use of fire, conversion of grasslands to pastures of exotic grasses and rice fields, afforestation, and illegal trapping. Most breeding sites are located in Important Bird Areas, but only one in Brazil and one in Argentina are protected. We propose a series of actions to promote the conservation of Marsh Seedeaters and other endangered birds that coexist in grassland habitats.Fil: Vizentin Bugoni, Jefferson. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil;Fil: Areta, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noroeste Argentino; Argentina;Fil: Di Giacomo, Alejandro G.. Asociación Ornitológica del Plata. Aves Argentinas. Departamento de Conservación; Argentina;Fil: Di Giacomo, Adrian Santiago. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Ecología y Comportamiento Animal; Argentina;Fil: Jacobs, Fernando. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Zoologia e Genética; Brasil;Fil: Afonso Coimbra, Marco A.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Instituto de Biologia. Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre e Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres; Brasil;Fil: Dias, Rafael A.. Universidade Católica de Pelotas. Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Cordados. Setor de Ornitologia; Brasil