Effect of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations on the behaviour of prematurely returned sea trout (Salmo trutta) in the Hardangerfjord

The expansion of the salmon farming industry along the Northern coasts has caused a higher concentration of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in the coastal waters and fjords. There has been observed that Sea trout (Salmo trutta) have adapted their behaviour as a response to the increased amount of salmon lice in the fjords. Sea trout infested with salmon lice from three rivers in the Hardangerfjord were captured and tagged with acoustic transmitters before being released back into the river again. The data that were retrieved and analysed were recordings from between mid-June to December 2021, from a total of 48 sea trout, where 40 were observed in the fjord. Results showed that the river most exposed to high salmon lice concentrations had the lowest proportion of migrants and that the probability of seaward migration decreased significantly with higher levels of salmon lice infestations. The time of river exit was found to be influenced by the water discharge in two of three study rivers, and the maximum distance travelled and the time they spent in the fjord after they had deloused was mainly influenced by individual characteristics such as length and weight. The depth use in the fjord was generally shallow with a mean depth of 1.16 meters across all rivers. The depth analysis showed several significant interaction effects, where the post-smolt performed small diel vertical migrations and that the depth increased slightly with higher chalimus density in two of the rivers. When comparing the trout tagged with acoustic transmitters (AT) to trout tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT), of PIT-tagged trout that were tagged at the same time as AT-tagged trout, 0 was identified as migratory individuals, while 63 % of the AT-tagged trout was observed in the fjord. Of all PIT-tagged trout, only 8 of 104 fulfilled the criteria for being defined as migratory.PO3 Kunnskapsinkubator ; Ministry of Education and ResearchM-BIO

PENGARUH DUKUNGAN SOSIALTEMAN SESAMA ANAK DIDIK LAPAS (ANDIKPAS) DAN SELF ESTEEM TERHADAP ORIENTASI MASA DEPAN DI BIDANG PEKERJAAN PADA ANDIKPAS DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN ANAK KELAS III BANDUNG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial dan self esteem terhadap orientasi masa depan di bidang pekerjaan pada Andikpas di LPA Klas III Bandung. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional. Penentuan subjek (N = 48) pada penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh dengan memodifikasi kuisioner Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale yang dibuat oleh Rosenberg, kuisioner dukungan sosial dan kuisioner orientasi masa depan di bidang pekerjaan yang dibuat oleh peneliti sendiri dari karakteristik dukungan sosial Weiss dan karakteristik orientasi masa depan yang dibuat oleh Nurmi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) dukungan sosial sesama teman Andikpas, self esteem dan orientasi masa depan di bidang pekerjaan pada Andikpas ada dalam kategori sedang. 2) Hasil uji regresi dukungan sosial sesama teman Andikpas terhadap orientasi masa depan di bidang pekerjaan memiliki nilai signifikansi 0.042 yang membuktikan bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan dari variabel dukungan sosial sesama teman Andikpas terhadap orientasi masa depan di bidang pekerjaan pada Andikpas. 3) Hasil uji regresi self esteem terhadap orientasi masa depan di bidang pekerjaan memiliki nilai signifikansi 0.333 yang membuktikan bahwa ada tidak pengaruh signifikan dari variabel self esteem terhadap orientasi masa depan di bidang pekerjaan pada Andikpas. ---------- This research aims to determine the relationship between self esteem and social support on work class future orientation. Design of this research is quantitative with correlational methode. Subject (N = 48) was selected by purposive sampling. Datum were collected by RSES questionaire from Rosenberg which modified, social support and work class future orientation questionaire which made by researcher from criteria of social support based on Weiss and work class future orientation based on Nurmi theory criteria. Result of ths research are: 1) social support, self esteem and future orientation level of prisoner adolecnent are on average level. 2) significant value of the correlation between social support and working class future orientastion of adolescent prisoners in LPA kelas III Bandung is 0,042, it shows there is correlation between social support and working class future orientation. 3) significant value of the correlation between self esteem and working class future orientation of adolescent prisoners in LPA kelas III Bandung is 0.333, it shows there is no correlation between self esteem and working class future orientation

Loading of the lower back related to sit-ups

Bacheloroppgave idrett - spesialisering i trenerrollen, 2014Forfatter: Viljar Willassen, 3. års student innen bachelor i idrett med spesialisering i trenerrollen. Høgskolen i Hedmark, Campus Elverum, 2014 Tittel: Norsk tittel: Belastninger på korsryggen relatert til øvelsen sit-ups. English title: Loading of the lower back related to sit-ups. Problemstilling: Er øvelsen sit-up skadelig for korsryggen? Teori: Definisjon av sit-ups, ulike former for krefter, anatomi og forklaring av prolaps. Metode: Allment litteraturstudie. Resultater: Kompresjonskrefter under sit-ups er målt opp mot grensene som er anbefalt. Glidekrefter ser ut til å holdes langt unna grensene som er anbefalt. Konklusjon: Belastningen er såpass høy på korsryggen under sit-ups at man burde evaluere om ikke det finnes andre alternativer med lavere belastning

IPad i tilpassa opplæring. En studie om bruk av iPad som pedagogisk ressurs for ungdommer med utviklingshemming i skole

Masteroppgave i tilpassa opplæring - Nord universitet, 201

Phylogeny and Cryptic Diversity of Diopatra (Onuphidae, Annelida) in the East Atlantic

Diopatra Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833 is a species rich genus that is common in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus is readily identified by its striking, spiral branchiae, but species identification has historically been challenging due to a high variation in diagnostic characters used. This study aims to reconstruct the phylogeny of Diopatra with molecular markers and assess the species diversity of West African Diopatra with the species delimitation programs bPTP and BPP. Specimens were collected from Morocco to Angola, and the markers COI, 16S and 28S were sequenced from 76 specimens. The constructed phylogeny retrieved Diopatra as monophyletic, as well as five well supported clades within the genus. All clades were defined by morphological characters, some of which have previously not been considered to have high phylogenetic or taxonomical value. Species delimitation analyses recovered 17 new species, several of which were not readily identified morphologically. One species complex comprising between one and 12 species was left unresolved due to incongruence between the species delimitation methods and challenging morphology. Our results indicate that the diversity of Diopatra is significantly underestimated, where this regional study near to doubled the number ofknown species from the East Atlantic.publishedVersio

Hva sier eksisterende litteratur om peroperativ bruk av nær-infrarød spektroskopi, for å forebygge cerebral iskemi hos pasienter i generell anestesi og beach-chair posisjon?

Bakgrunn: I 2020 oppstod det pasientskade ved 13,1% av alle somatiske sykehusopphold i Norge. Hele 4,8% av disse skadene var knyttet til kirurgi. Menneskelig faktor og inadekvat monitorering er store grunner til komplikasjonene. Det blir anslått at halvparten av disse pasientskadene kunne vært unngått gjennom forebygging. Hensikt: Å finne ut hva eksisterende litteratur sier om nær-infrarød spektroskopi som tilleggsmonitorering, hos pasienter i generell anestesi og beach-chair posisjon. Kan det være et hjelpemiddel som kan bidra til å forebygge cerebral iskemi? Metode: En litteraturstudie med systematisk tilnærming er gjennomført, med søk i databasene CINAHL og PubMed. I tillegg ble det gjort manuelle søk. Med bakgrunn i inklusjon og eksklusjonskriteriene, ble syv studier inkludert i denne studien. To av studiene er randomiserte kontrollerte studier og resterende er kohortstudier. En tematisk analyse ble gjort av resultatene, med målet å oppsummere og identifisere felles tema. Resultater: Det ble dannet fire hovedtema som dannet grunnlaget for diskusjonen. Leiets komplikasjoner, monitorering av pasient i generell anestesi og beach-chair posisjon, pasientsikkerhet og optimalisering av pasientforløpet. Herunder var det seks kategorier: risiko for cerebral iskemi i beach-chair posisjon og forekomst av cerebral desaturasjon, nær-infrarød spektroskopi for å oppdage cerebral iskemi, sammenheng mellom cerebral oksygenering og blodtrykk, risikofaktorer hos pasienten for å få cerebral desaturasjon i beach-chair posisjon og det postoperative forløpet. Konklusjon: Kirurgi i generell anestesi og beach-chair posisjon er assosiert med hypotensjon og cerebral desaturasjon. Dersom ikke dette behandles, kan det gi økt risiko for iskemisk hjerneskade. Risikofaktorer for cerebral desaturasjon er komorbiditet og det vil være viktig å identifisere risikofaktorer hos pasienten. Høy forekomst av cerebral desaturasjon, kan gi en indikasjon på at det er nødvendig med mer spesifikk monitorering. Nær-infrarød spektroskopi kan være et verdifullt verktøy, i tillegg til monitorering av invasivt blodtrykk, og sikring av nakken i en posisjon som ikke forhindrer venøs drenasje

Safe Surgery Checklist, Patient Safety, teamwork, and Responsibility - Coequal Demands? A Focus Group Study

Source at https://doi.org/10.1177/2333393618764070 .The use of World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Safe Surgery checklist is an established practice worldwide and contributes toward ensuring patient safety and collaborative teamwork. The aim of this study was to elucidate operating room nurses’ and operating room nursing students’ experiences and opinions about execution of and compliance with checklists. We chose a qualitative design with semistructured focus group discussions. Qualitative content analysis was conducted. Two main themes were identified; the Safe Surgery checklists have varied influence on teamwork and patient safety, and taking responsibility for executing the checks on the Safe Surgery checklist entails practical and ethical challenges. The experiences and opinions of operating room nurses and their students revealed differences of practices and attitudes toward checklist compliance and the intentions of checklist procedures. These differences are related to cultural and professional distances between team members and their understanding of the Safe Surgery checklists as a tool for patient safety

Quorum sensing in Aliivibrio wodanis 06/09/139 and its role in controlling various phenotypic traits

Background Quorum Sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication system that bacteria utilize to adapt to the external environment by synthesizing and responding to signalling molecules called autoinducers. The psychrotrophic bacterium Aliivibrio wodanis 06/09/139, originally isolated from a winter ulcer of a reared Atlantic salmon, produces the autoinducer N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl-homoserine-lactone (3OHC10-HSL) and encodes the QS systems AinS/R and LuxS/PQ, and the master regulator LitR. However, the role of QS in this bacterium has not been investigated yet. Results In the present work we show that 3OHC10-HSL production is cell density and temperature-dependent in A. wodanis 06/09/139 with the highest production occurring at a low temperature (6 °C). Gene inactivation demonstrates that AinS is responsible for 3OHC10-HSL production and positively regulated by LitR. Inactivation of ainS and litR further show that QS is involved in the regulation of growth, motility, hemolysis, protease activity and siderophore production. Of these QS regulated activities, only the protease activity was found to be independent of LitR. Lastly, supernatants harvested from the wild type and the ΔainS and ΔlitR mutants at high cell densities show that inactivation of QS leads to a decreased cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in a cell culture assay, and strongest attenuation of the CPE was observed with supernatants harvested from the ΔlitR mutant. Conclusion A. wodanis 06/09/139 use QS to regulate a number of activities that may prove important for host colonization or interactions. The temperature of 6 °C that is in the temperature range at which winter ulcer occurs, plays a role in AHL production and development of CPE on a Chinook Salmon Embryo (CHSE) cell line