Radiation effects on silicon solar cells Final report, Dec. 1, 1961 - Dec. 31, 1962

Displacement defects in silicon solar cells by high energy electron irradiation using electron spin resonance, galvanometric, excess carrier lifetime, and infrared absorption measurement

Diphenyl Urea Derivatives as Inhibitors of Transketolase: A Structure-Based Virtual Screening

Transketolase is an enzyme involved in a critical step of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway whose inhibition could lead to new anticancer drugs. Here, we report new human transketolase inhibitors, based on the phenyl urea scaffold, found by applying structure-based virtual screening. These inhibitors are designed to cover a hot spot in the dimerization interface of the homodimer of the enzyme, providing for the first time compounds with a suggested novel binding mode not based on mimicking the thiamine pyrophosphate cofactor

The Rippling Effect of Non-linearities

Non-linearities can lead to unexpected dynamic behaviours in supply chain systems that could then either trigger disruptions or make the response and recovery process more difficult. In this chapter, we take a control-theoretic perspective to discuss the impact of non-linearities on the ripple effect. This chapter is particularly relevant for researchers wanting to learn more about the different types of non-linearities that can be found in supply chain systems, the existing analytical methods to deal with each type of non-linearity and future scope for research based on the current knowledge in this field

Dynamic analysis and design of a semiconductor supply chain: a control engineering approach

The combined make-to-stock and make-to-order (MTS-MTO) supply chain is well-recognised in the semiconductor industry in order to find a competitive balance between agility, including customer responsiveness and minimum reasonable inventory, to achieve cost efficiency while maintaining customer service levels. Such a hybrid MTS-MTO supply chain may suffer from the bullwhip effect, but few researchers have attempted to understand the dynamic properties of such a hybrid system. We utilise a model of the Intel supply chain to analytically explore the underlying mechanisms of bullwhip generation and compare its dynamic performance to the well-known Inventory and Order-Based Production Control System (IOBPCS) archetype. Adopting a control engineering approach, we find that the feedforward forecasting compensation in the MTO element plays a major role in the degree of bullwhip and the Customer Order Decoupling Point (CODP) profoundly impacts both the bullwhip effect and the inventory variance in the MTS part. Thus, managers should carefully tune the CODP inventory correction and balance the benefit between CODP inventory and bullwhip costs in hybrid MTS-MTO supply chains

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700