Willingness-to-pay in physical activity: how much older adults value the community-wide initiatives programs?

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown insufficient physical activity (PA) as a significant global health concern and a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Community-wide initiatives in physical activity (CWIPA) is considered as a best-buy for Community-wide initiatives in physical activity (CWIPA) is considered as a best-buy for NCDs prevention. However, assessment regarding resource allocation and cost-effectiveness of existing programs is lacking. This study investigated local residents’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for community PA programs in Southern Thailand.MethodsThe contingent valuation method (CVM) using the payment card approach was employed to elicit the WTP of 472 residents aged 45 years and over in selected provinces in which community PA programs had been implemented. Respondents were asked to indicate their WTP for the continuous offering of free CWIPA by choosing how much they were willing to pay from eight bid-value options, payable through their monthly electricity bill.ResultsThe mean WTP of Thai older adults was found to be 72 baht/month ($2/month) or 868 baht/year ($25/year). This indicated the maximum amount an older person was willing to pay for any community-based PA program. More than half the sample (54.2%) chose zero as their answer, while there was a fairly large variation in other levels of WTP. The WTP was lower among older respondents and those who resided in rural areas but was higher among those with a history of participation in an organized PA program.ConclusionThe level of WTP can be interpreted as an indicator of community satisfaction with CWIPA. That finding can be used as evidence for the government and policy makers in allocating resources and designing future CWIPA. A variety of organized PA programs should be offered to all community members to ensure inclusivity and also to provide equal access for senior citizens

Cross-sectional examination of 24-hour movement behaviours among 3-and 4-year-old children in urban and rural settings in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries : the SUNRISE study protocol

Introduction 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years protocol, designed to address this gap. Methods and analysis SUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. Pilot research from 24 countries (14 LMICs) informed the study design and protocol. Data are collected locally by research staff from partnering institutions who are trained throughout the research process. Piloting of all measures to determine protocol acceptability and feasibility was interrupted by COVID-19 but is nearing completion. At the time of publication 41 countries are participating in the SUNRISE study. Ethics and dissemination The SUNRISE protocol has received ethics approved from the University of Wollongong, Australia, and in each country by the applicable ethics committees. Approval is also sought from any relevant government departments or organisations. The results will inform global efforts to prevent childhood obesity and ensure young children reach their health and developmental potential. Findings on the correlates of movement behaviours can guide future interventions to improve the movement behaviours in culturally specific ways. Study findings will be disseminated via publications, conference presentations and may contribute to the development of local guidelines and public health interventions.Peer reviewe

BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN KETAJAMAN PENGLIHATAN OPERATOR KOMPUTER DI BAGIAN MARKETING PT. COCA-COLA AMATIL INDONESIA CENTRAL JAVA

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kaitan beberapa faktor terhadap ketajaman penglihatan operator komputer. Penelitian dilakukanpada operator komputer di bagian merketing III (Bawen sales Center) PT Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia Central Java. Subjek penelitian ada 27 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mempergunakan kuesioner, pengukuran dan pemeriksaan ketajaman penglihatan menggunakan kartu Snellen. Pegolahan data dilakukan secara manual dan komputerisasi, untuk variabel yang berskala kontinu dipergunakan uji korelasi Pearson dengan program SPSS 10.0 dan untuk variabel yang dikotomi dipergunakan uji korelasi point biserial. Dari hasil uji statistik didapatkan umur mempunyai hubungan yang cukup signifikan terhadap ketajaman penglihatan (P va;ue=0,002). Demikian juga riwayat mengoperasikan komputer (P value=0,007) danlama mengoperasikankomputer (pvalue=0,000). Sementara itu jarak monitor ternyata juga menunjukkan hubungan yang berarti (p value 0,002) disamping intensitas cahaya (p value 0,023) dan pemakaian filter (t hitung = 3,120, t tabel 2,060 ). tiga variabel lainnya yaitu jenis monitor, posisi monitor dan tinggi monitor tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang berarti trhadap ketajaman penglihatan. Setelah dilakukan uji statistik dengan menghitung indeks korelasi point biserial, ternyata diperoleh hasil t hitung untuk 3 variabel tersebut berturut-turut adalah: 1.120, 0.7068 dan 1.5147. dengan t tabel 2.060 pada alfa 0,05 maka disimpulkan 3 variabel terakhir tidak berhubungan dengan ketajaman penglihatan operator komputer. Kata Kunci: KETAJAMAN PENGLIHATAN, OPERATOR KOMPUTER, ERGONOM

Understanding community’s behavioral responses towards Covid-19: Who comply, who don’t and reasons of incompliance

Perspectives: *) Behavioral responses towards Covid-19 measures: who comply, who donot and reasons of incompliance *) Has the government convey the right messages to the public

Revisiting the New Indonesia’s Marriage Act 2019: will it be effective to prevent adolescent marriage

Indonesia has a long history of adolescent marriage and early childbearing. The religious, sociocultural and economic factors have been pointed out as the major drivers of early marriage while the 1974 Marriage Law was considered ‘weak’ in preventing the event. As the house of representative has passed the new bill in increasing the minimum legal age of marriage for female from 16 to 19 years old in 2019, a question posed whether the enactment of the new marriage law will be effective in preventing adolescent marriage in Indonesia

SUHARTO’S POPULATION POLICY IN CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA : FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM, MARRIAGE ACT OR COMPULSORY EDUCATION HAS THE GREATEST IMPACT TO FERTILITY DECLINE?

Fertility in Indonesia has been falling significantly, from an average total fertility rate of 5.6 children per women in 1970s to 4.1 in 1980, and 2.6 in 2010. This paper attempts to explore which and how Suharto’s population policies have played role in Indonesia’s fertility decline. Whilst the adoption of modern contraceptive was perceived as the major determinant of fertility decline in Indonesia, changes in Indonesia’s political order and socio-economic development also contribute a considerable effect to Indonesians’ familial norms. The implementation of 9-year compulsory education had placed a strong foundation for the future Indonesian human capital and enabled women to obtain higher opportunities for schooling. Beside facilitates the diffusion of ideas among young people and opened up their perspective toward reproductive rights and self actualization, education also increases women’s opportunities to participate in laborforce. With the increasing roles outside the domestic sector, delaying age of marriage and limiting family size becomes a choice for women in contemporary Indonesia. The marriage act, however, was perceived as an accelerator rather than a predictor in increasing age of first marriage. Regardless the existence of the Marriage Law 1974, age of first marriage is likely to increase with increasing of education, although maybe in a slower rate

ADOLESCENTS IN PERIL: INTERNET AND OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOLESCENTS' SEXUAL ATTITUDES

Latar belakang: Sejak Internet banyak dipergunakan di rumah dan sekolah, media ini kemudian banyak dipergunakan oleh remaja. Waktu yang dipergunakan oleh remaja untuk mengakses internet pun semakin meningkat karena media ini mudah diakses, murah dan bersifat pribadi. Meskipun banyak penelitian yang membuktikan manfaat internet bagi kehidupan manusia, namun beberapa studi mengindikasikan bahwa internet juga membawa resiko bagi penggunanya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh paparan internet dan faktor lain terhadap sikap seksual remaja. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian explanatory, dengan menggunakan metode survei dan desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi sasaran dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa SMA di Semarang, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih secara acak dari populasi sasaran yang telah dipilih berdasarkan strata dan ketersediaan akses internet sebagai kriteria utama. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mempergunakan angket berbasis semi-sekolah, dengan melibatkan 320 siswa kelas ll. Hasil: Hampir separuh (45.9%) responden mempunyai sikap yang permisif dalam hal seksualitas. Jenis kelamin, pengaruh teman sebaya, paparan televisi, frekuensi mengakses internet dan konten yang diakses secara signifikan berhubungan dengan sikap seksualitas remaja. Kesimpulan: Remaja dengan akses internet yang lebih tinggi mempunyai lebih sedikit kemungkinan untuk mempunyai sikap lebih permisif. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa paparan internet bukanlah satu­ satunya yang membentuk sikap seksual remaja. Bukan paparan media yang berpengaruh, akan tetapi sikap penggunayalah yang mendorong pada terjadinya sikap yang lebih permisif.   Kata kunci: paparan internet, remaja, sikap seksua

Assessing physical activity promotion in different settings and how its associated with public participation during COVID-19 epidemic: evidence from national policy evaluation

Abstract Background Various interventions, programs and policies have been implemented to improve physical activity (PA) levels worldwide. However, countries continue to face barriers and challenges in achieving their targets. To date, there is a lack of study on the evaluation of physical activity (PA) promotion and how it’s associated with public participation. Methods This study assessed PA promotion in eight different settings in terms of policy availability, policy implementation, and public participation in PA programs. Policy availability was assessed by reviewing 384 policy and strategy documents, rules, regulations, legislation, and guidelines on PA. We scored the documents by using the Comprehensive Analysis of Policy on Physical Activity (CAPPA) framework. Data to assess policy implementation and public participation were taken from the Thailand Report Card Survey 2021 (TRC2021), and the Thailand Surveillance on Physical Activity (SPA) 2021. Both surveys comprised over 5,000 nationally-representative samples from on-screen, face-to-face interviews, and an online self-administered survey. We scored the policy implementation and public participation based on respondents’ response towards policy implementation and participation indicators. A grading scheme was applied to indicate how successful an investment has been made. Results Public education and mass media received the highest average score in policy availability, implementation and public participation in PA program (67.9%, grade B), followed by active urban design (66.1%, grade B-) and active transport (63.7%, grade B-). Workplace, whole-of-school, and community-wide initiatives were the investments with the lowest scores, implying low availability, limited implementation, and less accessibility to public. Females were less likely to participate in active transport, active urban design, sports/recreation for all, workplace activity, and community-wide initiatives. Age and educational attainment were consistent predictors of utilization in all investments. Conclusions With varying degrees of policy availability and accessibility, public participation in PA investments is likely to be constrained by biological and socioeconomic inequality. Future investments should aim at providing generalized or tailored interventions to ensure equal access and participation for all segments of the population