BIOSULFO FERTILIZER DEVELOPMENT FOR HORTICULTURE CROPS II. THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE ROCK CONTENT AND INOCULUM RATIO OF BIOSULFO ON P AND S UPTAKE AND YIELD OF RED ONION IN ACID AND ALKALINE SOILS.

Research aimed to study te influence of phosphate roc

Penggunaan Rhizobakteria dalam Produksi Inokulan Jamur Mikorisa Arbuskular

ABSTRACT: Percobaan pot dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan rhizobakteria (Azospirillum brasilense JCM 1224 dan bakteri pelarutfosfaiG8b) dalam peningkatan jumlah spora jamur mikorisa arbuskular Glomus sp. pada tanah masam. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penambahan rhizobakteria dapat meningkatkan jumlah spora Glomus sp. Peningkatan jumlah spora tertinggi (30%) didapatkan pada perlakuan inokulasi ganda. Penambahan rhizobakteria juga menekan populasi spora JMA kontaminan. Kemurnian tertinggi (97,7%) juga didapat pada perlakuan inokulasi ganda. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using rhizobacteria (Azospirillum brasilense JCM 1224 and phosphate solubilizing bacteria G8b) in the increasing number of VA Mycorrhizal spores (Glomus sp.). The result showed that the inoculation of rhizobacteria increased the number of Glomus sp. spores. It was found that the highest increase (30 %) was occured in double inoculation treatment. It was also found that rhizobacteria inhibited VA mycorrhizal contaminant. The highest purity (97,7 %) was found in the same treatment. [Key words: Rhizobacteria, Mycorrhiza, Inoculanti Penggunaan Rhizobakteria dalam Produksi Inokulan Jamur Mikorisa Arbuskular Sri Wedhastri & Jaka Widada Percobaan pot dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan rhizobakteria (Azospirillum brasilense JCM 1224 dan bakteri pelarutfosfaiG8b) dalam peningkatan jumlah spora jamur mikorisa arbuskular Glomus sp. pada tanah masam. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penambahan rhizobakteria dapat meningkatkan jumlah spora Glomus sp. Peningkatan jumlah spora tertinggi (30%) didapatkan pada perlakuan inokulasi ganda. Penambahan rhizobakteria juga menekan populasi spora JMA kontaminan. Kemurnian tertinggi (97,7%) juga didapat pada perlakuan inokulasi ganda. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using rhizobacteria (Azospirillum brasilense JCM 1224 and phosphate solubilizing bacteria G8b) in the increasing number of VA Mycorrhizal spores (Glomus sp.). The result showed that the inoculation of rhizobacteria increased the number of Glomus sp. spores. It was found that the highest increase (30 %) was occured in double inoculation treatment. It was also found that rhizobacteria inhibited VA mycorrhizal contaminant. The highest purity (97,7 %) was found in the same treatment. Key words: Rhizobacteria, Mycorrhiza, Inoculan

FITOREMEDIASI KANDUNGAN KROMIUM PADA LIMBAH CAIR MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN AIR

Existence of heavy metals in industrial waste is gaining global attention since their negative impact to environment. One of the efforts to solve the problem was to use plant to absorb metal in liquid medium, known as rhizofiltration. This research was aimed to select aquatic plants which showed relative resistantce and susceptibility to chromium. Four species of aquatic plants (Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna minor and Salvinia sp.) were grown in artificial medium (Hoagland) supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 ppm chromium. The plants resistance and absorption toward chromium was observed based on the morphology and chromium content in their biomass. Based on their resistance to and absorption of chromium, the selected plants were tested further in liquid waste of tanning industry. In Hoagland medium, Salvinia sp. demonstrated 67.2% higher resistance and absorption toward chromium while that of P. stratiotes 20.3% lower compared to other plants which were tested. This result could be applicable in reducing such environmental pollutant as the heavy metal chromium from industrial waste. Keywords: Phytoremediation, chromium, Hoagland medium, aquatic plants, liquid waste ABSTRAKLogam berat dalam limbah industri merupakan bahan pencemar lingkungan yang mendapatkan perhatian global. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah memanfaatkan tanaman untuk menyerap logam dalam medium cair atau dikenal sebagai fitoremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanaman air lokal yang tahan dan peka secara relatif terhadap kromium. Empat spesies tanaman air (Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna minor, dan Salvinia sp.) ditumbuhkan pada medium buatan (Hoagland) yang dipasok kromium 0, 1, 2, 4, dan 8 ppm. Pengujian toleransi tanaman dan serapan terhadap kromium dilakukan berdasarkan pengamatan morfologis serta analisis kadar kromium dalam biomasa. Berdasarkan daya tahan dan serapan kromium, tanaman terseleksi diujikan lebih lanjut dalam limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit. Dalam medium Hoagland, Salvinia sp. mempunyai ketahanan dan serapan kromium lebih tinggi sebesar 67,2% sedangkan P. stratiotes mempunyai ketahanan dan serapan kromium lebih rendah sebesar 20,3% dibandingkan tanaman lain yang diujikan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diterapkan untuk mengurangi bahan pencemar lingkungan berupa logam berat kromium dari limbah industri.Kata Kunci: Fitoremediasi, kromium, medium Hoagland, tanaman air, limbah cai

Response of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to different shade levels in sandy soil

The study aimed to determine the response of upland rice under different shade levels. The experiment was conducted in Srigading village, Sanden District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta from July 2016 to March 2017. The experimental design applied was the split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the shade level consists of three levels i.e. 0%, 25% and 50%. The sub plot was the upland rice cultivar consists of three levels i.e.  ‘Inpago 8’, ‘Situ Patenggang’, and ‘Batutegi’. The results showed that some variables observed changes due to shade that are make increased the plant height and leaf area. The maximum number of tillers and the number of productive tillers in the 50% shade treatment decreased, as well as the total plant dry weight and the productivity. Other observation such as root/shoot ratio, panicle length, percentage of filled grain per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grains weight upland rice showed no significant difference

Potensi dan Keragaman Bakteri Endofit sebagai Agens Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Biokontrol Anggrek

Soft rot disease in orchid plants is a factor in decreasing orchid production. One way of biological control that has the potential to spur growth is to utilize endophytic bacteria. This study aims to describe the diversity of orchid endophytic bacteria that have the potential as growth promoters and biocontrol agents. Observation parameters include indole acetic acid (IAA) production, inorganic phosphate dissolution, ammonia production of orchid endophytic bacteria, and antagonism of endophytic bacteria to pathogenic bacteria that cause soft rot in vitro. The diversity of orchid endophytic bacteria was analyzed using rep-PCR with BOX-A1R primer. The results showed that 10 isolates of orchid endophytic bacteria were able to produce IAA with a concentration of 79–321 μg/mL, able to dissolve phosphate, and produce ammonia. In antagonism testing against soft rot-causing bacteria, all isolates were able to form an inhibitory zone with a diameter of 3–7.2 cm. Furthermore, diversity analysis using rep-PCR showed that isolates of endophytic bacteria DnPh5, BgCt2, BgVt10, DnLp7, DnBl1, and DnAr4 had a uniform DNA band pattern so that they were grouped together. Meanwhile, isolates of TbPh7, IbtPhm1, DnDr2, and AkOc1 showed different DNA band patterns, indicating that the four isolates were different species or subspecies of bacteria. In dendrogram analysis, DnPh5, BgCt2, BgVt10, DnLp7, DnBl1, and DnAr4 isolates have a similarity of 100%. The similarity of isolates IbtPhm1, DnDr2, and AkOc1 was 90%, 79%, and 68%, respectively, against the other six isolates. TbPh7 isolate is an isolate with a low level of similarity to other isolates, which is about 51%.   Keywords: orchid, endophytic bacteria, growth promoter, biocontrol agent, rep-PC

Antifungal Production of a Strain of Actinomycetes spp Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Cajuput Plant: Selection and Detection of Exhibiting Activity Against Tested Fungi

Actinomycetes are bacteria known to constitute a large part of the rhizosphere microbiota. Their isolation is an important step for screening of new bioactive compounds. Culturable actinomycetes populations from cajuput plant rhizosphere soils in Wanagama I Forest UGM Yogyakarta were collected to study about their antifungal activity. Among 17 of a total 43 isolates that showed activity were screened for producing antifungi substances. Screening for antifungal activity of isolates were performed with dual culture bioassay in vitro. One isolate that was designated as Streptomyces sp.GMR-22 was the strongest against all tested fungi and appeared promising for a sources of antifungal. Culture’s supernatant and mycelia were extracted with chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. Antifungal activity of crude extracts was tested by diffusion method against tested fungi. The result indicates that isolates of actinomycetes from cajuput plant rhizosphere could be an interesting sources of antifungal bioactive substances

Distribution of Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria in Sediment with Relation to Water Quality at the Musi River, Indonesia

The Musi River is located in the southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Most of activities, i.e. agricultural, industrial, and urban activities are considered as being major sources of chemicals and nutrients with their waste products effluent into the river. Nitrification, the microbial oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate, occurs in a wide variety of environments and naturally remove anthropogenic N pollution. The purpose of this research was to determine of distribution of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in sediment with relation to water quality at the Musi river area. This study was conducted on rainy and dry season 2016 at five sampling sites from the freshwater to seawater at high and low tide conditions, the sampling sites are station St1 (Gandus), station St2 (Palembang city), station St3 (Upang), station St4 (Sungsang), and station St5 (Sea). Sediment samples were collected from the surface layer by using an Ekman grab. Some water quality such as salinity, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were directly analyzed in the field, while other water quality such as NH4-N, NO2-N, and NO3-N were analyzed in the laboratory. The Density of AOB was determined by the most probable number of (MPN) method. The PCA was used to correlate variations of the AOB with physicochemical properties using software Xlstat. The results showed that the physicochemical properties had a range of salinity of 0 to 20 ppt, temperature of 29.21 to 31.82oC, pH of 4.88 to 7.93, DO of 3.44 to 11.33 mg/l, NH4-N in sediment of 0.04 to 0.87 mg/l, NO2-N in sediment of 0.01 to 1.77 mg/l, NO3-N in sediment of 0.09 to 2.08 mg/l. The density of AOB ranged from 7.2 x 102 to 6.1 x 103 cells/g sediment. Principal component analyses showed that temperature, pH, DO, and concentrations of nutrient contributed to density of AOB

ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCE PRODUCED BY A SOIL BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE

Objective: In our previous study, we have found many isolates of bacteria from Zingiber officinale rhizosphere in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. J4, one of the isolates, has been found to contain metabolites which have antibacterial activity. The active chemical compound was unidentified. This study aims to identify the molecular formula of the active compound which has potential antibacterial activity. Methods: Identification of selected bacteria (J4 isolate) was based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Extraction of J4 isolate culture broth was carried out using ethyl acetate and followed by fractionation with hexane, chloroform-methanol (7:3), and methanol. The fraction which has antibacterial activity analyzed using IR Spectroscopy and LC-TOF-MS. Results: BLAST analysis result of the 16S rRNA sequence showed that J4 isolate is Burkholderia sp with 99% similarity. According to the IR spectroscopy examination of the active fraction, there were OH, CH, and carbonyl stretching. LC-TOF-MS analysis showed 5 molecular formulas with m/z of 253, 274, 387 (two formulas), and 404 in the active fraction, but there was one formula with no OH groups. Conclusion: J4 isolate is a Burkholderia sp. The molecular formula for the antibacterial substance that might be produced by J4 isolate is C6H12N12, C21H29N3O5, C21H26N2O5, C17H22N8O3, and/or C15H35N3O

BIODIVERSITY OF ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING SOIL BACTERIA FROM YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL PROVINCE INDONESIA

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the diversity of antibiotic-producing soil bacteria from Java, Indonesia.Methods: An agar diffusion method to select the active isolates against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used. Furthermore, a combination approach consisting thin layer chromatography-bioautography (TLC-bioautography) analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using HaeIII (BsuRI) restriction enzyme digestion were applied.Results: Out of 19 isolates obtained, 12 isolates exhibited antibacterial activity and subjected further analysis. Based on the Rf value of active spots obtained by TLC-bioautography, the isolates were classified into three groups i.e. isolates with the Rf value of 0.2-0.3 such as KP13 on E. coli, isolates with the Rf value of 0.4-0.6 such as LP6, P301 and T25A on S. aureus as well as P301 on E. coli and isolates with the Rf value of 0.7-0.9 such as J3, J4, J5, J7, JS and TL and LP on S. aureus as well as J3, J4, J5, J7, JS, KP13 and TL on E. coli. Moreover, based on RFLP profile the isolates were assigned into three groups at the similarity level of 56 %. The isolate KP13 was assigned as Group A, whereas the isolates TL, LP6 and J4 were assigned as Group B and the isolates LP, P301, T25A, P302, JS, J7, J5 and J3 were assigned as Group C. Interestingly, the isolate KP13 was absolutely different from others pointed by zero of % similarity and might produce more than one antibacterial compounds.Conclusion: The soil bacteria isolates are differentiated into three groups and the KP13 isolate shows zero % similarity to the other isolates.Â

Profil Protein Klebsiella SP. Dalam Kondisi Cekaman Osmotik Dan Keasaman

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil protein yang dibuat oleh Klebsiella sp. yang tumbuh dalam kondisi cekaman osmotik dan keasaman. Cekaman osmotik dilakukan menggunakan NaCl, sedangkan cekaman keasaman menggunakan aluminium sulfat. Klebsiella sp. ditumbuhkan dalam medium minimal yang ditambah dengan NaCl, atau aluminium sulfat, untuk menimbulkan efek cekaman tunggal, atau menggunakan kedua senyawa tersebut untuk menghasilkan efek cekaman ganda. Protein total yang diekstrak dari sel kemudian dielektroforesis pada SDS-PAGE 12%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan beberapa protein intraselular, protein membran, atau protein ekstraselular yang dibuat dalam kondisi cekaman spesifik. Dalam kondisi cekaman osmotik, dibuat protein intraselular berukuran 42,7 kDa, dan protein membran berukuran 53,3 kDa. Pada cekaman asam dihasilkan protein intraselular berukuran 54,7 kDa, 25,3 kDa, 14,2 kDa, dan satu protein membran berukuran 43,9 kDa, serta protein ekstraselular berukuran 17–29 kDa. Dalam kondisi cekaman ganda, terdeteksi satu protein intraselular spesifik berukuran 26,7 kDa dan satu protein membran berukuran 61,1 kDa. Dalam cekaman osmotik, diketahui terdapat korelasi positif, sedangkan dalam cekaman ganda terdapat korelasi negatif terhadap macam protein. Dalam cekaman keasaman, tidak diperoleh pola korelasi yang spesifik