A qualitative examination of causal factors and parent/caregiver experiences of non-fatal drowning-related hospitalisations of children aged 0–16 years

Fatal and non-fatal drowning is a significant public health issue, which disproportionately impacts children and young people. In Australia, the highest fatal and non-fatal drowning rates occur in children under five years of age. To date, little qualitative research has been conducted on non-fatal drowning, with causal factor analysis generally conducted using coronial and hospital data. This study’s aim was to identify causal factors in hospital treated cases of non-fatal drowning in children as qualitatively self-reported by parents and caregivers. Cases of unintentional child (0–16 years) non-fatal drowning admissions and Emergency Department presentations to three tertiary care paediatric hospitals in New South Wales, Australia were identified via International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding. Parents and caregivers of drowning patients were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Data were thematically coded using an inductive approach, with a focus on causal factors and recommendations for preventive approaches. Of 169 incidents, 86 parents/caregivers were interviewed. Children hospitalised for drowning were more often male (59.3%), aged 0–4 years (79.1%) and 30.2% were from household who spoke a language other than English. Qualitative incident descriptions were coded to five themes: lapse of supervision, unintended access (commonly in home swimming pools), brief immersion (usually young children bathing), falls into water and ongoing impacts. Drowning prevention recommendations were grouped under supervision, pool barriers and maintenance, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and emergency response, drowning is quick and silent, and learning swimming. Parents and caregivers of young children require ongoing education regarding supervision distractions and pool barrier compliance. Additional challenges are faced by those in rental properties with pools, parents/caregivers who cannot swim, and parents/caregivers from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Affordable, accessible, and culturally appropriate swimming lessons, water safety education and CPR training should be made more available for adult caregivers, particularly in languages other than English

Modified Contactor for Experimental Studies of Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction Across a Liquid-Liquid Interface

A Modified Stirred-Cell Type Contactor Has Been Designed and Tested for its Use in Experimental Investigations of Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction in Liquid-Liquid Systems. its Design overcomes the Shortcomings of Previously Proposed Contactors. It is Easy to Operate and Has the Ability to Investigate the Effect of a Wide Range of Operating Conditions. the Mixing Performance of the Contactor Was Tested using a Dye Injection and a Tracer Technique. Experiments to Evaluate Mass-Transfer Coefficients Across a Liquid-Liquid Interface Have Been Conducted to Determine its Effectiveness. the Results Verified that the Contactor Could Be Successfully Employed as a Useful Experimental Research Apparatus

The Marginal Effects Of Consumer Characteristics On Internet Channel Choice

Multiple retail channels (e.g., retail stores and catalogs) have been available to consumers for more than a century, while consumer decision making and academic research focused on channel choice with regard to the Internet is limited.  This research integrates and adapts relevant literatures to develop a model of channel choice based on demographics and for the first time explicitly measures consumer switching propensities between channels.   The findings suggest that consumers with Internet access tend to switch from traditional direct response retailing to the Internet and that time pressured consumers tend to switch from physical retail stores to the Internet and vice versa for older consumers.  Strategic implications are also provided

Windows Into Changing Worldviews: A Critical Cartographic Analysis of Four Influential World Maps from the 13th to the 21st Century

It is an inherent part of human nature to seek knowledge of the world around us. As knowledge of the world grew, so did the need for its visual representation—thus came the introduction of the map into society. The map is a technology that allows us to see an expansive view of the world around us and to understand our own place in the world. In the past, displaying a full view of the world was more of a challenge—many regions remained unexplored or undiscovered. The mapmaker was given the task of representing both known and unknown lands. The representation of the world that resulted reflected the most current knowledge of the world, but also created a worldview for its spectators. In essence, this is where the idea of critical cartography, a field focused on viewing maps as powerful tools that influence culture, comes into play. My thesis serves as a critical cartographic analysis of the varying ways that maps represent known and unknown space. Furthermore, it shows how cartographic representations of the world serve not only to reflect worldviews, but also to create realities. Four maps throughout history, the Vercelli map, the Catalan Atlas, the Mercator map, and Google Earth, are analyzed using a critical cartography framework in order to draw conclusions about the map’s place in society

An Experimental Overview of Results Presented at SQM 2006

I have been asked to give an critical overview on the experimental results shown in the conference with a emphasis of what has been learned and the challenges that are ahead in trying to understand the physics of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma. I will not try to summarize all of the results presented, rather I will concentrate primarily on RHIC data from this conference. Throughout this summary, I will periodically review some of the previous results for those not familiar with the present state of the field.Comment: 15 pages, 12 Figure

Texas County Fairs: A Report of Survey Results.

39 p

Multiple plasmon resonances in naturally-occurring multiwall nanotubes: infrared spectra of chrysotile asbestos

Chrysotile asbestos is formed by densely packed bundles of multiwall hollow nanotubes. Each wall in the nanotubes is a cylindrically wrapped layer of $Mg_3 Si_2 O_5 (OH)_4$. We show by experiment and theory that the infrared spectrum of chrysotile presents multiple plasmon resonances in the Si-O stretching bands. These collective charge excitations are universal features of the nanotubes that are obtained by cylindrically wrapping an anisotropic material. The multiple plasmons can be observed if the width of the resonances is sufficiently small as in chrysotile.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Revtex4 compuscript. Misprint in Eq.(6) correcte

Medical nutrition therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus in Australia : what has changed in 10 years and how does current practice compare with best practice?

Background: The present study aimed to report Australian dietetic practice regarding management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to make comparisons with the findings from a 2009 survey of dietitians and with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guidelines (NPG). Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2019 and 2009 of dietitians providing medical nutrition therapy (MNT) to women with GDM in Australia. The present study compares responses on demographics, dietetic assessment and interventions, and guideline use in 2019 vs. 2009. Results: In total, 149 dietitians (2019) and 220 (2009) met survey inclusion criteria. In both surveys >60% of respondents reported dietary interventions aiming for >45% energy from carbohydrate, 15%–25% energy from protein and 15%–30% energy from fat. Many variations in MNT found in 2009 continued to be evident in 2019, including the percentage of energy from carbohydrate aimed for (30%–65% in 2019 vs. 20%–75% in 2009) and the wide range in the recommended minimum daily carbohydrate intake (40–220 and 60–300 g). Few dietitians reported aiming for the NPG minimum of 175 g of carbohydrate daily in both surveys (32% in 2019 vs. 26% in 2009). There were, however, some significant increases in MNT consistent with NPG recommendations in 2019 vs. 2009, including the minimum frequency of visits provided (49%, n = 61 vs. 33%, n = 69; p < 0.001) and provision of gestational weight gain advice (59%, n = 95 vs. 40%, n = 195; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although many dietitians continue to provide MNT consistent with existing NPG, there is a need to support greater uptake, especially for recommendations regarding carbohydrate intake

Collisional energy loss and the suppression of high pTp_T hadrons

We calculate nuclear suppression factor ($R_{AA}$) for light hadrons by taking only the elastic processes and argue that in the measured $p_T$ domain of RHIC, collisional rather than the radiative processes is the dominant mechanism for partonic energy loss.Comment: Presented at the international conference on strong and electroweak matter 2006, May 10-13, Brookhaven National Laborator