129 research outputs found
Ovarian damage from chemotherapy and current approaches to its protection
BACKGROUND: Anti-cancer therapy is often a cause of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility since the ovarian follicle reserve is extremely sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While oocyte, embryo and ovarian cortex cryopreservation can help some women with cancer-induced infertility achieve pregnancy, the development of effective methods to protect ovarian function during chemotherapy would be a significant advantage.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: This paper critically discusses the different damaging effects of the most common chemotherapeutic compounds on the ovary, in particular, the ovarian follicles and the molecular pathways that lead to that damage. The mechanisms through which fertility-protective agents might prevent chemotherapy drug-induced follicle loss are then reviewed.SEARCH METHODS: Articles published in English were searched on PubMed up to March 2019 using the following terms: ovary, fertility preservation, chemotherapy, follicle death, adjuvant therapy, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the analysis of the protective agents.OUTCOMES: Recent studies reveal how chemotherapeutic drugs can affect the different cellular components of the ovary, causing rapid depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve. The three most commonly used drugs, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin, cause premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing death and/or accelerated activation of primordial follicles and increased atresia of growing follicles. They also cause an increase in damage to blood vessels and the stromal compartment and increment inflammation. In the past 20 years, many compounds have been investigated as potential protective agents to counteract these adverse effects. The interactions of recently described fertility-protective agents with these damage pathways are discussed.WIDER IMPLICATIONS: Understanding the mechanisms underlying the action of chemotherapy compounds on the various components of the ovary is essential for the development of efficient and targeted pharmacological therapies that could protect and prolong female fertility. While there are increasing preclinical investigations of potential fertility preserving adjuvants, there remains a lack of approaches that are being developed and tested clinically
Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Se Kota Kupang
Diabetes Mellitus is well known as a chronic disease which can lead to a decrease in quality of life in all domains. The study aims to explore the diabetic type 2 patient\u27s quality of life and find out the factors affecting in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. The cross-sectional study design is used that included 65 patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in 11 public health centers of Kupang City. Data were collected by using Short Form Survey (SF-36) that assessed 8-scale health profile. Independent sample t-test is used to analyze the correlation between the factors affecting and the quality of life. the study showed that the QoL of DM patients decreased in all 8- health profile including physical functioning, social functioning, mental health, general health, pain, change in the role due to physical problems and emotional problems. The Study also showed there was a relationship between gender, duration of suffering from Diabetes mellitus, and complications to the quality of life. Male perceived a better quality of life than female
Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical activity as a measure of stress in giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Additional file 1: Full dataset in Microsoft Excel workbook format.BACKGROUND : Numbers of giraffes are declining rapidly in their native habitat. As giraffe research and conservation
efforts increase, the demand for more complete measures of the impact of conservation interventions and the
effects of captive environments on animal health and welfare have risen. We compared the ability of six different
enzyme immunoassays to quantify changes in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) resulting from three sources:
adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, transport, and time of day that samples were collected.
RESULTS : Two male giraffes underwent ACTH injections; all six assays detected FGM increases following injection
for Giraffe 1, while only three assays detected FGM increases following injection for Giraffe 2. Consistent with other
ruminant species, the two 11-oxoetiocholanolone assays (one for 11,17-dioxoandrostanes and the other for
3α,11-oxo metabolites) measured the most pronounced and prolonged elevation of FGM, while an assay
for 3ÎČ,11ÎČ-diol detected peaks of smaller magnitude and duration. Both of the 11-oxoetiocholanolone assays
detected significant FGM increases after transport in Giraffes 3â7, and preliminary data suggest FGM detected
by the assay for 11,17-dioxoandrostanes may differ across time of day.
CONCLUSIONS : We conclude the assay for 11,17-dioxoandrostanes is the most sensitive assay tested for FGM
in giraffes and the assay for FGM with a 5ÎČ-3α-ol-11-one structure is also effective. 11-oxoetiocholanolone
enzyme immunoassays have now been demonstrated to be successful in a wide variety of ruminant species,
providing indirect evidence that 5ÎČ-reduction may be a common metabolic pathway for glucocorticoids in
ruminants. As FGM peaks were detected in at least some giraffes using all assays tested, giraffes appear to
excrete a wide variety of different FGM. The assays validated here will provide a valuable tool for research
on the health, welfare, and conservation of giraffes.The Association of Friends and Supporters of Goethe University Frankfurt
provided financial support for F. Sicks to travel to Vienna to analyze fecal
samples and von Opel Hessische Zoostiftung supported a studentship for
F. Sicks. One commercial funder [Tierpark Berlin] provided support in the
form of salary for F. Sicks during data analysis and preparation of this
manuscript. The specific role of this author is articulated in the âAuthor
Contributionsâ section.http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcvetresam2016Anatomy and PhysiologyParaclinical Science
Stress and the HPA Axis: Balancing Homeostasis and Fertility
An organismâs reproductive fitness is sensitive to the environment, integrating cues of resource availability, ecological factors, and hazards within its habitat. Events that challenge the environment of an organism activate the central stress response system, which is primarily mediated by the hypothalamicâpituitaryâadrenal (HPA) axis. The regulatory functions of the HPA axis govern the cardiovascular and metabolic system, immune functions, behavior, and reproduction. Activation of the HPA axis by various stressors primarily inhibits reproductive function and is able to alter fetal development, imparting a biological record of stress experienced in utero. Clinical studies and experimental data indicate that stress signaling can mediate these effects through direct actions in the brain, gonads, and embryonic tissues. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which stress activation of the HPA axis impacts fertility and fetal development
Pioneer Factors FOXA1 and FOXA2 Assist Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Human Endometrial Cells
Global Gene Expression Analysis in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells Defines New Targets of Glucocorticoid and Estradiol Antagonism1
Lentivirusâmediated shRNA interference of ghrelin receptor blocks proliferation in the colorectal cancer cells
In Vitro Assays to Evaluate the Migration, Invasion, and Proliferation of Immortalized Human First-trimester Trophoblast Cell Lines
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