Career service papers - csp 18/21

Inhaltsübersicht: Christine Buchwald: Vorstellung eines Modells zur Förderung der Transferkompetenz durch ein studentisches Praktikum, inkl. Nutzungsmöglichkeiten für Career Services Irina Gewinner & Mara Esser: Geschlechtsspezifische Studienfachwahl und kulturell bedingte (geschlechts)stereotypische Einstellungen Friederike Schulze-Reichelt, Wilfried Schubarth: Was nützt mir das Studium? Zur Bedeutung des Berufsfeldbezuges für den Studienerfolg. Befunde und Empfehlungen des StuFo-Projekts Miriam Schmitt, Johanna M. Werz, Esther Borowski, Uwe Wilkesmann, Ingrid Isenhardt: Ein Online-Tool für die Karriereplanung von Frauen in MINT-Berufen: Herausforderungen und Chancen Sigrid Maxl-Studler, André Romano: Mobile Recruiting. Nutzung, Akzeptanz und Herausforderungen mobiler Bewerbungen aus Sicht der Generationen Y und Z Jing Su, Vera Yu, Nelli Wagner: Ein chinesisches „Ja“ ist nicht gleich einem deutschen „Ja“. Herausforderungen in der Unterstützung von chinesischen Studierende

Creative destruction in science

Drawing on the concept of a gale of creative destruction in a capitalistic economy, we argue that initiatives to assess the robustness of findings in the organizational literature should aim to simultaneously test competing ideas operating in the same theoretical space. In other words, replication efforts should seek not just to support or question the original findings, but also to replace them with revised, stronger theories with greater explanatory power. Achieving this will typically require adding new measures, conditions, and subject populations to research designs, in order to carry out conceptual tests of multiple theories in addition to directly replicating the original findings. To illustrate the value of the creative destruction approach for theory pruning in organizational scholarship, we describe recent replication initiatives re-examining culture and work morality, working parents\u2019 reasoning about day care options, and gender discrimination in hiring decisions. Significance statement It is becoming increasingly clear that many, if not most, published research findings across scientific fields are not readily replicable when the same method is repeated. Although extremely valuable, failed replications risk leaving a theoretical void\u2014 reducing confidence the original theoretical prediction is true, but not replacing it with positive evidence in favor of an alternative theory. We introduce the creative destruction approach to replication, which combines theory pruning methods from the field of management with emerging best practices from the open science movement, with the aim of making replications as generative as possible. In effect, we advocate for a Replication 2.0 movement in which the goal shifts from checking on the reliability of past findings to actively engaging in competitive theory testing and theory building. Scientific transparency statement The materials, code, and data for this article are posted publicly on the Open Science Framework, with links provided in the article

The Appraisal of Reactions to Success: The Benefits and Costs of Humility

Although praised in popular media and desired as a reaction to success, little is known about the perception of humility. In social interactions, competence and liking are two crucial appraisal dimensions. The present research determines the effect of a humble vs. a proud expression on these two dimensions. Participants (N = 199) took part in a word competition and then read their alleged opponents’ reaction to victory. The reactions were proud, neutral, or humble. In line with its prosocial nature, humility elicited more warmth/liking than a neutral statement, whereas pride led to less warmth/liking. Pride, conveying high status and success, was expected to lead to higher appraisals of competence than humble or neutral demeanor. However, the three expressions neither affected competence perceptions differently nor influenced the amount of money participants bet on their opponent winning again as a behavioral measure of competence. Exploratory ANCOVAs and correlations hint towards the hypothesis of pride conveying slightly more competence than humility. Relations and effects of authentic pride and hubristic pride as well as appreciative humility and self-abasing humility are reviewed. Explanations like the influence of prior success and the interplay of warmth and competence are discussed and applied to individual advice and social implications

The Trace Element Selenium Is Important for Redox Signaling in Phorbol Ester-Differentiated THP-1 Macrophages

Physiological selenium (Se) levels counteract excessive inflammation, with selenoproteins shaping the immunoregulatory cytokine and lipid mediator profile. How exactly differentiation of monocytes into macrophages influences the expression of the selenoproteome in concert with the Se supply remains obscure. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) into macrophages and (i) the expression of selenoproteins, (ii) differentiation markers, (iii) the activity of NF-κB and NRF2, as well as (iv) lipid mediator profiles were analyzed. Se and differentiation affected the expression of selenoproteins in a heterogeneous manner. GPX4 expression was substantially decreased during differentiation, whereas GPX1 was not affected. Moreover, Se increased the expression of selenoproteins H and F, which was further enhanced by differentiation for selenoprotein F and diminished for selenoprotein H. Notably, LPS-induced expression of NF-κB target genes was facilitated by Se, as was the release of COX- and LOX-derived lipid mediators and substrates required for lipid mediator biosynthesis. This included TXB2, TXB3, 15-HETE, and 12-HEPE, as well as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Our results indicate that Se enables macrophages to accurately adjust redox-dependent signaling and thereby modulate downstream lipid mediator profiles