Beschäftigungsgrad, Einkommensverteilung und Humankapitalbildung

"Im Mittelpunkt des nachstehenden Beitrags steht die Frage nach gesamtwirtschaftlichen Zusammenhängen zwischen Humankapitalbildung, Einkommensverteilung zwischen Arbeitskräften mit unterschiedlichen Qualifikationsniveaus, Beschäftigungsgrad und wirtschaftlichen Wachstum. Die bereits eingetretene und sich weiterhin fortsetzende Zunahme des Humankapitalbestandes im Zuge der Bildungsexpansion legt aus theoretischer Sicht die Vermutung nahe, daß von dem steigenden Qualifikationsniveau des Arbeitsangebots Nivellierungswirkungen auf die Einkommensverteilung ausgehen und diese ihrerseits ein Regulativ für eine stabile Arbeitsmarktentwicklung darstellen könnte. Allerdings fehlen für die Bundesrepublik noch die entsprechenden theoretischen und empirischen Analysen: Ziel dieses Artikel ist es, einen theoretischen Einblick in die Behandlung der Nachfrage nach Ausbildung bzw. der Nachfrage nach Humankapital sowie in die Analyse gigkeiten zwischen Einkommen und Ausbildung zu geben, anhand derer sich Hinweise auf die Rolle des Einkommens und seiner Verteilung als Arbeitsmarktregulativ gewinnen lassen. Heranzuziehen waren vornehmlich entsprechende Arbeiten aus der angelsächsischen Literatur, da in deutschsprachigen bildungsökonomischen Ansätzen eher eine Negation der Marktkräfte im Vordergrund steht. Die Argumente für die fundamentale Gegenthese zur humankapitaltheoretischen Betrachtungsweise, die sich nicht nur auf die ökonomische Rolle, sondern auch auf gesellschaftliche Funktionen des Bildungs- und Beschäftigungssystems beziehen, werden daher in einem weiteren Abschnitt dargestellt und einer kritischen Analyse unterzogen."Humankapital, Beschäftigung, Einkommensverteilung, Wirtschaftswachstum

Les peignes amérindiens dans le Nord-Est américain

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Platform Business Modelling for Enhancing the Efficiency of Freight Logistics in the Maritime Supply Chain

The emerging platform economy is transforming industries, and thus also the freight logistics industry. In particular, industry platforms based on blockchain technology that process business-to-business (B2B) transactions offer enormous potential for enhancing efficiency in the maritime supply chain network. This results in completely new requirements for service and software-oriented technology companies with regard to the development and the operation of these industry platforms. But to what extent are the existing business model frameworks suitable to support platform providers in their business model transformation and what are the essential success factors?This thesis is concerned with developing a framework based on the principles of platform business modelling for enhancing the efficiency of freight logistics in the maritime supply chain. Following a research design based on the criteria of a case study, 15 interviews were conducted with experts from a global information technology company and the maritime industry – four of them in a validation phase. In a multi-layered approach, generative causal factors underpinning the platform business model transformation were identified and presented with their interdependencies in an explanatory model. Although several mechanisms were active, the findings of the data analysis emphasise explicitly the causal capacity of the cross-sector partnership mechanism and the governance mechanism. As a result, a new platform business model framework - the "4/9 Platform Business Model Canvas" (4/9 PBM-C) - has been developed, which represents an evolution of the established business model frameworks for the emerging industry platform business. The usefulness and applicability were tested by deriving an action plan that could enable executives to develop a platform business model - with the aim of increasing efficiency in maritime freight logistics.The results of this study have broader practical implications, as the “4/9 Platform Business Model Canvas” and the recommendations for action can also be adapted to the industry-specific platform requirements of other industries

Biodiversity research: Data without theory-theory without data

[No abstract available

Biodiversity research: data without theory—theory without data

Meet two famous researchers from the early days of biodiversity research: Charles Darwin and Alexander von Humboldt. Darwin developed a powerful theory, using a limited amount of data by modern standards. Humboldt, in contrast, compiled a “Cosmos” of data without developing a major theory, although some of Humboldt's observations on latitudinal biodiversity gradients (von Humboldt, 1808) were later used to develop theory. This tension between data and theory still persists today and is perhaps becoming more acute

Release from belowground enemies and shifts in root traits as interrelated drivers of alien plant invasion success: a hypothesis

Our understanding of the interrelated mechanisms driving plant invasions, such as the interplay between enemy release and resource-acquisition traits, is biased by an aboveground perspective. To address this bias, I hypothesize that plant release from belowground enemies (especially fungal pathogens) will give invasive plant species a fitness advantage in the alien range, via shifts in root traits (e.g., increased specific root length and branching intensity) that increase resource uptake and competitive ability compared to native species in the alien range, and compared to plants of the invader in its native range. Such root-trait changes could be ecological or evolutionary in nature. I explain how shifts in root traits could occur as a consequence of enemy release and contribute to invasion success of alien plants, and how they could be interrelated with other potential belowground drivers of invasion success (allelopathy, mutualist enhancement). Finally, I outline the approaches that could be taken to test whether belowground enemy release results in increased competitive ability and nutrient uptake by invasive alien plants, via changes in root traits in the alien range

Grassland Resistance and Resilience after Drought Depends on Management Intensity and Species Richness

The degree to which biodiversity may promote the stability of grasslands in the light of climatic variability, such as prolonged summer drought, has attracted considerable interest. Studies so far yielded inconsistent results and in addition, the effect of different grassland management practices on their response to drought remains an open question. We experimentally combined the manipulation of prolonged summer drought (sheltered vs. unsheltered sites), plant species loss (6 levels of 60 down to 1 species) and management intensity (4 levels varying in mowing frequency and amount of fertilizer application). Stability was measured as resistance and resilience of aboveground biomass production in grasslands against decreased summer precipitation, where resistance is the difference between drought treatments directly after drought induction and resilience is the difference between drought treatments in spring of the following year. We hypothesized that (i) management intensification amplifies biomass decrease under drought, (ii) resistance decreases with increasing species richness and with management intensification and (iii) resilience increases with increasing species richness and with management intensification