44 Resistenzzüchtung / Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Schadorganismen I

44-1 - Bewertung der Feldresistenz verschiedener Winterrapssorten gegenüber Verticillium longisporum mittels quantitativer PCRClassification of winter oilseed rape resistance towards the soilborne pathogen Verticillium longisporum by quantitative PCRJessica Knüfer, Daniel Teshome Lopisso, Birger Koopmann, Andreas von Tiedemann44-2 - Identification and characterization of three putative compatibility factor genes involved in the plant – Verticillium interactionIdentifikation und Charakterisierung drei putativer Kompatibilitätsfaktoren in der Pflanze – Verticillium InteraktionRoxana Hossain, Lisa Krapoth, Dirk Schenke, Daguang Cai44-3 - Impact of cultivar resistance to Verticillium longisporum on drought stress tolerance of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)Einfluss der Sortenresistenz gegen Verticillium longisporum auf die Trockenstresstoleranz von Winterraps (Brassica napus)Daniel Lopisso, Jessica Knüfer, Birger Koopmann, Andreas von Tiedemann44-4 - Wirksamkeit von Majorgenen in Raps gegenüber Phoma lingam unter Berücksichtigung steigender Temperaturen und des PathotypenspektrumsEfficacy of major genes in oilseed rape against Phoma lingam with regard to rising temperatures and the population structureMark Winter, Coretta Klöppel , Fadeke Fajemisin, Birger Koopmann44-5 - Anfälligkeit von Raps -Resynthesen und -Sorten auf den Rapsstängelrüssler (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.) Befall – potentielle ResistenzfaktorenSusceptibility of resynthesized lines and cultivars of oilseed rape on rape stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.) infestation – potential plant traits responsible for resistanceHeike Schäfer-Kösterke, Bernd Ulber44-6 - Zweijähriges Rassen-Monitoring von Exserohilum turcicum in europäischen MaisanbaugebietenTwo-year race monitoring for Exserohilum turcicum in European maize growing regionsHendrik Hanekamp, Andreas von Tiedemann, Birger Koopmann44-7 - Smart breeding und Nutzung des Genpools von Wildarten zur Verbesserung der Krankheitsresistenz von KartoffelnSmart breeding and exploitation of the genepool from wild species for the improvement of disease resistance in potatoJanine König, Marion Nachtigall, Ramona Thieme, Jörg Schubert44-8 - Neue Ansätze für eine effizientere Resistenzzüchtung bei RebenNew approaches for increasing efficieny of grapevine resistance breedingRudolf Eibach, Reinhard Töpfe

Circulating omentin as a novel biomarker for colorectal cancer risk: Data from the EPIC - Potsdam cohort study

Omentin is a novel biomarker shown to exert metabolic, inflammatory and immune-related properties, and thereby could be implicated in the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). So far, the association between omentin and CRC risk has not been evaluated in prospective cohort studies. We investigated the association between pre-diagnostic plasma omentin concentrations and risk of CRC in a case-cohort comprising 251 incident CRC cases diagnosed over a mean follow-up time of 10.4 years and 2,295 persons who remained free of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study. Hazard ratios as a measure of relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI-s) were computed using a Prentice modified Cox regression. In a model adjusted for established CRC risk factors, age, sex, education, dietary and lifestyle factors, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, higher omentin concentrations were associated with a higher CRC risk (RRcontinuously per doubling of omentin concentrations=1.98, 95%CI: 1.45-2.73). Additional adjustment for metabolic biomarkers, including glycated hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein, did not alter the results. In stratified analyses, the positive association between omentin and CRC risk was retained in participants with BMI< 30 (RRcontinuously per doubling of omentin concentrations=2.26; 95%CI: 1.57-3.27), whereas among participants with BMI{greater than or equal to} 30 no association was revealed (RRcontinuously per doubling of omentin concentrations =1.07; 95%CI: 0.63-1.83; Pinteraction= 0.005). These novel findings provide the first lines of evidence for an independent association between pre-diagnostic omentin concentrations and CRC risk and suggest a potential interaction with the adiposity state of the individual

final results of a noninterventional study

Background Data are limited regarding routine use of everolimus after initial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–targeted therapy. The aim of this prospective, noninterventional, observational study was to assess efficacy and safety of everolimus after initial VEGF-targeted treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in routine clinical settings. Methods Everolimus was administered per routine clinical practice. Patients with mRCC of any histology from 116 active sites in Germany were included. The main objective was to determine everolimus efficacy in time to progression (TTP). Progression-free survival (PFS), treatment duration, tumor response, adherence to everolimus regimen, treatment after everolimus, and safety were also assessed. Results In the total population (N = 334), median follow-up was 5.2 months (range, 0–32 months). Median treatment duration (safety population, n = 318) was 6.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5–8 months). Median TTP and median PFS were similar in populations investigated. In patients who received everolimus as second-line treatment (n = 211), median (95% CI) TTP was 7.1 months (5–9 months) and median PFS was 6.9 months (5–9 months). Commonly reported adverse events (safety population, n = 318) were dyspnea (17%), anemia (15%), and fatigue (12%). Limitations of the noninterventional design should be considered. Conclusions This study reflects routine clinical use of everolimus in a large sample of patients with mRCC. Favorable efficacy and safety were seen for everolimus after previous therapy with one VEGF-targeted agent. Results of this study confirm everolimus as one of the standard options in second-line therapy for patients with mRCC. Novartis study code, CRAD001LD27: VFA registry for noninterventional studies (http://www.vfa.de/de/forschung/nisdb/ webcite)

Everolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma after failure of initial anti-VEGF therapy: final results of a noninterventional study

Background: Data are limited regarding routine use of everolimus after initial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy. The aim of this prospective, noninterventional, observational study was to assess efficacy and safety of everolimus after initial VEGF-targeted treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in routine clinical settings. Methods: Everolimus was administered per routine clinical practice. Patients with mRCC of any histology from 116 active sites in Germany were included. The main objective was to determine everolimus efficacy in time to progression (TTP). Progression-free survival (PFS), treatment duration, tumor response, adherence to everolimus regimen, treatment after everolimus, and safety were also assessed. Results: In the total population (N = 334),median follow-up was 5.2 months (range, 0-32 months). Median treatment duration (safety population, n = 318) was 6.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5-8 months). Median TTP and median PFS were similar in populations investigated. In patients who received everolimus as second-line treatment (n = 211),median (95% CI) TTP was 7.1 months (5-9 months) and median PFS was 6.9 months (5-9 months). Commonly reported adverse events (safety population, n = 318) were dyspnea (17%),anemia (15%), and fatigue (12%). Limitations of the noninterventional design should be considered. Conclusions: This study reflects routine clinical use of everolimus in a large sample of patients with mRCC. Favorable efficacy and safety were seen for everolimus after previous therapy with one VEGF-targeted agent. Results of this study confirm everolimus as one of the standard options in second-line therapy for patients with mRCC

Blood pressure and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.

Elevated blood pressure has been implicated as a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but prospective studies were confined to men and did not consider the effect of antihypertensive medication. The authors examined the relation among blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and RCC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Blood pressure was measured in 296,638 women and men, recruited in eight European countries during 1992-1998, 254,935 of whom provided information on antihypertensive medication. During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, 250 cases of RCC were identified. Blood pressure was independently associated with risk of RCC. The relative risks for the highest versus the lowest category of systolic (>/=160 mmHg vs. /=100 mmHg vs. <80 mmHg) blood pressures were 2.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.53, 4.02) and 2.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.54, 3.55). Risk estimates did not significantly differ according to sex or use of antihypertensive medication. Individuals taking antihypertensive drugs were not at a significantly increased risk unless blood pressure was poorly controlled. These results support the hypothesis that hypertension, rather than its medications, increases the risk of RCC in both sexes, while effective blood pressure control may lower the risk. Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Feb-1

Alcohol Consumption, Genetic Variants in Alcohol Deydrogenases, and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVE: First, to investigate and compare associations between alcohol consumption and variants in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes with incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in a large German cohort. Second, to quantitatively summarize available evidence of prospective studies on polymorphisms in ADH1B and ADH1C and CVD-risk. METHODS: We conducted a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort including a randomly drawn subcohort (n = 2175) and incident cases of myocardial infarction (MI; n = 230) or stroke (n = 208). Mean follow-up time was 8.2±2.2 years. The association between alcohol consumption, ADH1B or ADH1C genotypes, and CVD-risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Additionally, we report results on associations of variants in ADH1B and ADH1C with ischemic heart disease and stroke in the context of a meta-analysis of previously published prospective studies published up to November 2011. RESULTS: Compared to individuals who drank >0 to 6 g alcohol/d, we observed a reduced risk of MI among females consuming >12 g alcohol/d (HR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10-0.97) and among males consuming >24 to 60 g/d (HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.33-0.98) or >60 g alcohol/d (HR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.78). Stroke risk was not significantly related to alcohol consumption >6 g/d, but we observed an increased risk of stroke in men reporting no alcohol consumption. Individuals with the slow-coding ADH1B*1/1 genotype reported higher median alcohol consumption. Yet, polymorphisms in ADH1B or ADH1C were not significantly associated with risk of CVD in our data and after pooling results of eligible prospective studies [ADH1B*1/1: RR = 1.35 (95% CI: 0.98-1.88; p for heterogeneity: 0.364); ADH1C*2/2: RR = 1.07 (95% CI: 0.90-1.27; p for heterogeneity: 0.098)]. CONCLUSION: The well described association between alcohol consumption and CVD-risk is not reflected by ADH polymorphisms, which modify the rate of ethanol oxidation

State-of-the-art CT and MR imaging and assessment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease: the reporting-a consensus document by the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR).

The European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) is the European specialist society of cardiac and vascular imaging. This society's highest priority is the continuous improvement, development, and standardization of education, training, and best medical practice, based on experience and evidence. The present intra-society consensus is based on the existing scientific evidence and on the individual experience of the members of the ESCR writing group on carotid diseases, the members of the ESCR guidelines committee, and the members of the executive committee of the ESCR. The recommendations published herein reflect the evidence-based society opinion of ESCR. The purpose of this second document is to discuss suggestions for standardized reporting based on the accompanying consensus document part I. KEY POINTS: • CT and MR imaging-based evaluation of carotid artery disease provides essential information for risk stratification and prediction of stroke. • The information in the report must cover vessel morphology, description of stenosis, and plaque imaging features. • A structured approach to reporting ensures that all essential information is delivered in a standardized and consistent way to the referring clinician

State-of-the-art CT and MR imaging and assessment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease: standardization of scanning protocols and measurements - a consensus document by the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR)

The European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) is the European specialist society of cardiac and vascular imaging. This society's highest priority is the continuous improvement, development, and standardization of education, training, and best medical practice, based on experience and evidence. The present intra-society consensus is based on the existing scientific evidence and on the individual experience of the members of the ESCR writing group on carotid diseases, the members of the ESCR guidelines committee, and the members of the executive committee of the ESCR. The recommendations published herein reflect the evidence-based society opinion of ESCR. We have produced a twin-papers consensus, indicated through the documents as respectively "Part I" and "Part II." The first document (Part I) begins with a discussion of features, role, indications, and evidence for CT and MR imaging-based diagnosis of carotid artery disease for risk stratification and prediction of stroke (Section I). It then provides an extensive overview and insight into imaging-derived biomarkers and their potential use in risk stratification (Section II). Finally, detailed recommendations about optimized imaging technique and imaging strategies are summarized (Section III). The second part of this consensus paper (Part II) is focused on structured reporting of carotid imaging studies with CT/MR

The dynamical Green's function and an exact optical potential for electron-molecule scattering including nuclear dynamics

We derive a rigorous optical potential for electron-molecule scattering including the effects of nuclear dynamics by extending the common many-body Green's function approach to optical potentials beyond the fixed-nuclei limit for molecular targets. Our formalism treats the projectile electron and the nuclear motion of the target molecule on the same footing whereby the dynamical optical potential rigorously accounts for the complex many-body nature of the scattering target. One central result of the present work is that the common fixed-nuclei optical potential is a valid adiabatic approximation to the dynamical optical potential even when projectile and nuclear motion are (nonadiabatically) coupled as long as the scattering energy is well below the electronic excitation thresholds of the target. For extremely low projectile velocities, however, when the cross sections are most sensitive to the scattering potential, we expect the influences of the nuclear dynamics on the optical potential to become relevant. For these cases, a systematic way to improve the adiabatic approximation to the dynamical optical potential is presented that yields non-local operators with respect to the nuclear coordinates.Comment: 22 pages, no figures, accepted for publ., Phys. Rev.