134 research outputs found

    Processi stocastici di Levy o di De Finetti - Levy?

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    Processi stocastici “Jump Diffusion”. Aspetti statistici

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    Questa nota introduce ai problemi di filtraggio per soluzioni di equazioni differenziali stocastiche con input costituito da processi jump–diffusion. Si fa riferimento soprattutto al modello di R. Merton riguardante l’evoluzione nel tempo del prezzo di un’attività finanziaria

    Vinnarnas Gemensamma NĂ€mnare

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    ArkitekttĂ€vlingar Ă€r ett moment inom arkitektprofessionen som handlar om att i en tĂ€vling med andra arkitekter Ă„stadkomma det bĂ€sta förslaget pĂ„ utformning, funktioner och anvĂ€ndning av en plats eller byggnad. Vad krĂ€vs för att göra det? Den hĂ€r kandidatuppsatsen skrevs pĂ„ institutionen för stad och land, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet under vĂ„rterminen 2013 med avsikt att lĂ€ra sig mer om tĂ€vlingar, skapandet av högkvalitativa tĂ€vlingsförslag och hur man vinner arkitekttĂ€vlingar. Syftet var att genom en jĂ€mförande studie undersöka vad vinnande tĂ€vlingsförslag har gemensamt. JĂ€mförelsen gjordes pĂ„ fem vinnande tĂ€vlingsförslag som matchade tre kriterier. De skulle vara aktuella, frĂ„n tĂ€vlingar huvudsakligen för landskapsarkitekter och med likartade tĂ€vlingsuppdrag gĂ€llande gestaltning av platser. De fem förslagen var: » Flow. Leena Marjamaa, sivilarkitekt MNAL, Oslo. Fristadstorget i Eskilstuna, 2005. » Ett MöjlighetsfĂ€lt. Polyform Arkitekter ApS. TĂ€by Torg, 2007. » Alla Tiders Torg. SydvĂ€st Arkitektur och Landskap AB, samt Malmström Edström med flera. Visby Stora Torg, 2009. » SOfFTA. White Arkitekter AB. Forumtorget i Uppsala, 2011. » HjĂ€rta BollnĂ€s. KARAVAN Arkitektur & Landskap AB. Brotorget i BollnĂ€s, 2013. Som metod anvĂ€ndes först litteraturstudier och samtal med ansvariga arkitekter för att samla in information, som dĂ€refter utnyttjades i metodutvecklingen av den egna metod som anvĂ€ndes vid jĂ€mförelsen av förslagen. Metoden var granskning och jĂ€mförelse av förslagens gestaltning och slutgiltiga presentation utifrĂ„n ett granskningsprotokoll som utgick frĂ„n fyra aspekter: Arkitektonisk gestaltning – uttryck, Funktionalitet, Genomförbarhet och Presentation. Resultatet visade pĂ„ Ă„tta likheter som gĂ€llde fyra eller fem av fem förslag. Flexibilitet, belysningsfokus, geometriskt formsprĂ„k och sammanhĂ€ngande markbelĂ€ggning var likheter som överensstĂ€mde med samtliga förslag, medan specialdesignade sittmöbler, natt- och/eller vinterperspektiv, vattenrĂ€nna/ vattenspel och smĂ„ illustrationsbilder var nĂ„got som fyra av fem vinnande tĂ€vlingsförslag hade med. Betydelsen av resultatet och hur det kan anvĂ€ndas diskuterade jag sedan ur tvĂ„ synvinklar. Dels kan man utnyttja de likheter som finns och se dem som knep för att vinna tĂ€vlingar, dels kan de ses som en tankestĂ€llare dĂ€r man kan fundera pĂ„ om tĂ€vlingsförslagen Ă€r för lika varandra och om tĂ€vlingsbestĂ€mmelserna skulle kunna utvecklas. En slutsats Ă€r att det i tĂ€vlingar handlar mycket om att visa sĂ„ mycket som möjligt av sitt förslag och hur det ska fungera över Ă„ret och dygnets alla timmar. För att göra det krĂ€vs ett genomtĂ€nkt och genomarbetat förslag dĂ€r man har funderat över platsens anvĂ€ndning och funktion Ă€ven under de tidpunkter dĂ„ det normalt Ă€r lĂ€gre aktivitet pĂ„ offentliga platser.Architectural design competitions are an element in the architectural profession where architects compete against each other to create the best competition entry containing the design as well as functions and use of a place or a building. What are the requirements to do that? This bachelor thesis was written at the Department of Urban and Rural Development at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, with the intention of learning more about competitions, the creation of high-quality competition entries and how to win architectural competitions. The aim was to examine what winning competitions entries have in common, through a comparative study. The comparison was made on five winning competition entries that matched three criteria. They should be current, from competitions mainly for landscape architects and with similar competition assignments about designing places. The five winning competition entries were: » Flow. Leena Marjamaa, sivilarkitekt MNAL, Oslo. Fristadstorget i Eskilstuna, 2005. » Ett MöjlighetsfĂ€lt. Polyform Arkitekter ApS. TĂ€by Torg, 2007. » Alla Tiders Torg. SydvĂ€st Arkitektur och Landskap AB, samt Malmström Edström med flera. Visby Stora Torg, 2009. » SOfFTA. White Arkitekter AB. Forumtorget i Uppsala, 2011. » HjĂ€rta BollnĂ€s. KARAVAN Arkitektur & Landskap AB. Brotorget i BollnĂ€s, 2013. The methods first used were literature studies and conversations with the architects accountable for the competition entries, to gather information for the development of a new method that was created and used to compare the competition entries. The new method was to review and compare the competition entries’design and final presentation through an assessment report based on four aspects: Architectural design and expression, functionality, feasibility and presentation. The results showed eight similarities that applied to the winning competition entries. Flexibility, lighting, geometrical design and coherent groundcovers were similarities that were consistent on all of the entries, while specially-designed seating, night and/or winter perspective, flume/water feature and small illustration images were similarities that applied on four out of five winning competition entries. The significance of the result and how it can be used is then discussed from two viewpoints. First, one can take advantage of the result and see the similarities as tricks to win competitions. Second, the result can be seen as a wake-up call that perhaps the competition entries are too similar and one needs to reflect on what to do about that. Perhaps the architectural competitions could be developed. In conclusion, the result is that a competition entry should show as much as possible of the idea and design and how the place will work during the year and at all hours of the day. The entry has to be thoughtful and well elaborated and the uses and functions of the place, also the times when it’s normally lower activity on public places, to have been pondered and reflected upon

    En tĂ€vlandes reflektioner : reflektioner om att tĂ€vla i en internationell arkitekttĂ€vling: LE:NOTRE Student Competition - (ÅTER)UpptĂ€cka Colentinas PĂ€rlband

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    In the profession of architects there is an element called architectural competitions, where several architects compete in submitting the best solution for a certain task. In this master’s thesis I am studying the competitor’s perspective of an international architectural competition, while at the same time gaining experiences for my future career as a landscape architect. The aim of this thesis is to through an introspection of my own process examine a competitors view of the international architectural competition and how to approach the difficulties concerning international competitions. Through that I hope obtain experience about the international competition as part of the profession of landscape architects and other involved professions. To examine a competitor’s reflection of an international competition, I entered and competed in LE:NOTRE Student Competition, a competition for students where the task was to develop 25 kilometers of complex urban periphery along a chain of natural and artificial lakes in Bucharest, Romania. My working process contained a five step method of Research - Conceptual ideas - Inventory - Analysis - Proposal where I went from knowing nothing at all about the site and the task, to completing a proposal and submitting it in the competition. The idea of my competition submission called Retain, Restore and Revive, build upon the intentional purpose of the artificial lakes; to serve as water supply, irrigation, fishing and primary leisure. Existing values will be retained, vacant lands and available shores will be restored into green spaces and the entire area will be revived with a new identity uniting people and attracting tourists. Discussing the working process and the results, I bring up the difficulties in competing in an international architectural competition and what experiences I obtained through my introspection of my participation in a competition. I also discuss creating a competition submission that is both innovative and unique and at the same time fulfills the aim and requirements. Furthermore, I discuss the wider perspective of international architectural competitions, if they contribute in creating high quality architecture or not and if they may contribute in a global generalization of architecture and less cultural differences in the long term. Lastly, I mention my own experience and development when completing this competition and the master’s thesis, how I have found myself as a landscape architect and the harmony in designing.I arkitekters profession finns ett element som kallas arkitekttĂ€vlingar, dĂ€r flera arkitekter tĂ€vlar i att hitta den bĂ€sta lösningen pĂ„ en viss uppgift. I detta examensarbete undersöker jag den tĂ€vlandes perspektiv av en internationell arkitekttĂ€vling samtidigt som jag skaffar mig erfarenheter inför min framtida karriĂ€r som landskapsarkitekt. Syftet med examensarbetet Ă€r att genom en introspektion av min egen process undersöka en tĂ€vlandes bild av den internationella arkitekttĂ€vlingen som en del av landskapsarkitekters och andra involverades professioner. För att undersöka den tĂ€vlandes perspektiv av en internationell tĂ€vling registrerade jag mig och deltog i LE:NOTRE Student Competition, en tĂ€vling för studenter dĂ€r uppgiften var att utveckla ett 25 kilometer komplex urban periferi lĂ€ngs en kedja av naturliga och konstgjorda sjöar i Bukarest, RumĂ€nien. Min arbetsprocess innehöll en femstegsmetod: Undersökning - Konceptuella idĂ©er - Inventering - Analys - Förslag, dĂ€r jag gick frĂ„n att inte veta nĂ„gonting alls om platsen och uppgiften, till att fĂ€rdigstĂ€lla ett tĂ€vlingsförslag och lĂ€mna in det i tĂ€vlingen. IdĂ©n med mitt tĂ€vlingsförslag kallat Retain, Restore and Revive [Bevara, Restaurera, Förnya] bygger pĂ„ de konstgjorda sjöarnas ursprungssyfte; att anvĂ€ndas till vattenförsörjning, bevattning, fiske och framförallt rekreation och friluftsliv. Befintliga vĂ€rden ska bevaras, tillgĂ€ngliga omrĂ„den och strĂ€nder ska restaureras till grönomrĂ„den och ska förnyas med en ny identitet som förenar mĂ€nniskor och attraherar turister. I diskussionen behandlas arbetsprocessen och resultatet, dĂ€r jag tar upp svĂ„righeterna med att tĂ€vla i en internationell arkitekttĂ€vling och ville erfarenheter jag införskaffade genom min introspektion av mitt deltagande i en tĂ€vling. Jag diskuterar ocksĂ„ skapandet av ett tĂ€vlingsförslag som Ă€r bĂ„de innovativt och unikt och samtidigt uppfyller det mĂ„l och de krav som finns. Vidare diskuteras det bredare perspektivet av internationella arkitekttĂ€vlingar, om de bidrar till högre kvalitet eller inte och om de kan bidra till en global generalisering av arkitektur och fĂ€rre kulturella skillnader pĂ„ lĂ„ng sikt. Till sist nĂ€mner jag mina egna erfarenheter och utveckling genom att genomföra denna tĂ€vlingen och detta examensarbetet, hur jag har hittat mig sjĂ€lv som landskapsarkitekt och harmonin i gestaltande

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    Free-floating car-sharing electrification and mode displacement: Travel time and usage patterns from 12 cities in Europe and the United States

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    Free-floating car-sharing (FFCS) allows users to book a vehicle through their phone, use it and return it anywhere within a designated area in the city. FFCS has the potential to contribute to a transition to low-carbon mobility if the vehicles are electric, and if the usage does not displace active travel or public transport use. The aim of this paper is to study what travel time and usage patterns of the vehicles among the early adopters of the service reveal about these two issues. We base our analysis on a dataset containing rentals from 2014 to 2017, for 12 cities in Europe and the United States. For seven of these cities, we have collected travel times for equivalent trips with walking, biking, public transport and private car. FFCS services are mainly used for shorter trips with a median rental time of 27 min and actual driving time closer to 15 min. When comparing FFCS with other transport modes, we find that rental times are generally shorter than the equivalent walking time but longer than cycling. For public transport, the picture is mixed: for some trips there is no major time gain from taking FFCS, for others it could be up to 30 min. For electric FFCS vehicles rental time is shorter and the number of rentals per car and day are slightly fewer compared to conventional vehicles. Still, evidence from cities with an only electric fleet show that these services can be electrified and reach high levels of utilization

    Handling Uncertainty of Strategic Ambitions—The Use of Organizational Identity as a Risk-Reducing Device

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    Organizational identity can be designed to reduce the risks of uncertainty about future states of public organizations and the inherent potential issues related to evaluation and assessment. As such, organizational identity may shape a congruent and credible self-representation of the university, where a consistent narrative articulates compliance to diverse institutional frameworks, commitment to organizational distinctiveness, and a sensible rationale for strategic change. By examining the strategic plans of four European universities over a 10-year period of major organizational change, the paper discusses the subtleties of the specific combinations of the three different functions and the implications for institutional leadership

    Fools, Facilitators and Flexians:Academic Identities in Marketised Environments

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    Employing the interdisciplinary field of health inequalities as a case study, this paper draws on interviews to explore subjective accounts of academic identities. It finds widespread acceptance that academia is a market place in which research-active careers require academics to function as entrepreneurs marketing ideas to funders. Beyond this, two contrasting aspirational identities emerged: academics seeking to work collaboratively with policy makers (‘policy facilitators’) and academics seeking to challenge dominant discourses (‘Shakespearean fools’). Most interviewees identified strongly with one or the other of these identities and few believed academia sufficiently supported their preference, although there was some consensus that recent changes were aiding ‘policy facilitator’ roles. In interviewees’ accounts of trying to pursue ‘Shakespearean fool’ type roles in marketised environments, a further, chameleon-like identity emerged (‘flexians’): academics producing malleable ideas that can be adapted for different audiences. In exploring these identities, the paper challenges the popular distinction between mode-1 and mode-2 research
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