Los materiales bio basados y el paradigma desarrollista latinoamericano: perspectivas desde el Diseño industrial

La teoría desarrollista plantea que el progreso de los países se basa en la industrialización y sustitución de importaciones, en contra del desarrollo extractivo, que ha sido el paradigma latinoamericano en las últimas décadas. Los nuevos modos de agregación social y la cultura DIY, proponen una economía circular para el desarrollo sustentable, incluyendo biomateriales elaborados por las propias comunidades. Sin embargo, aquellos no son necesariamente materiales industriales por carecer de homologación, asunto que plantea profundas implicancias al diseño. Presentamos un estado del arte latinoamericano, acerca de comunidades que producen sus propios materiales y algunos casos donde el diseño ha intervenido.The developmentalism theory proposes that the progress of countries is based on the industrialization and import substitution, against extractive development, which has been the Latin American paradigm in recent decades. The new modes of social aggregation and the DIY culture propose a circular economy for sustainable development, including biomaterials developed by the communities themselves. However, those are not necessarily industrial materials because they lack of approval, which raises deep implications for the design. We present a state of Latin American art, about communities that produce their own materials and some cases where design has intervened.A teoria do desenvolvimento afirma que o progresso dos países se baseia na industrialização e substituição de importações, contra o desenvolvimento extrativo, que tem sido o paradigma latino-americano nas últimas décadas. Os novos modos de agregação social e cultura DIY propõem uma economia circular para o desenvolvimento sustentável, incluindo biomateriais produzidos pelas próprias comunidades. No entanto, esses não são necessariamente materiais industriais devido à falta de aprovação, uma questão que tem implicações profundas no design. Apresentamos um estado da arte latino-americana, sobre comunidades que produzem seus próprios materiais e alguns casos em que o design intervei

Central mass and luminosity of Milky Way satellites in the LCDM model

It has been pointed out that the Galactic satellites all have a common mass around 1e7 Msun within 300 pc (M03), while they span almost four order of magnitudes in luminosity (Mateo et al. 1993, Strigari et al. 2008). It is argued that this may reflect a specific scale for galaxy formation or a scale for dark matter clustering. Here we use numerical simulations coupled with a semi-analytic model for galaxy formation, to predict the central mass and luminosity of galactic satellites in the LCDM model. We show that this common mass scale can be explained within the Cold Dark Matter scenario when the physics of galaxy formation is taken into account. The narrow range of M03 comes from the narrow distribution of circular velocities at time of accretion (peaking around 20 km/s) for satellites able to form stars and the not tight correlation between halo concentration and circular velocity. The wide range of satellite luminosities is due to a combination of the mass at time of accretion and the broad distribution of accretion redshifts for a given mass. This causes the satellites baryonic content to be suppressed by photo-ionization to very different extents. Our results favor the argument that the common mass M03 reflects a specific scale (circular velocity ~ 20 km/s) for star formation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. References added, discussion enlarged, new version of Figure 3. Minor changes to match the version accepted for publication on ApJ Letter

Halpha rotation curves: the soft core question

We present high resolution Halpha rotation curves of 4 late-type dwarf galaxies and 2 low surface brightness galaxies (LSB) for which accurate HI rotation curves are available from the literature. Observations are carried out at Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG). For LSB F583-1 an innovative dispersing element was used, the Volume Phase Holographic (VPH) with a dispersion of about 0.35 A/pxl. We find good agreement between the Halpha data and the HI observations and conclude that the HI data for these galaxies suffer very little from beam smearing. We show that the optical rotation curves of these dark matter dominated galaxies are best fitted by the Burkert profile. In the centers of galaxies, where the N-body simulations predict cuspy cores and fast rising rotation curves, our data seem to be in better agreement with the presence of soft cores.Comment: Accepted for Publication in ApJ with minor changes require

Nuevos recursos metodológicos para el desarrollo de materialidades desde y para el diseño

The Biobased Materials Laboratory of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism (BioLab FAU) is an interdisciplinary and intergenerational space for educational and collaborative interaction. El Laboratorio de Materiales Biobasados de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (BioLab FAU) es un espacio interdisciplinario e intergeneracional de interacción formativa y colaborativa.  O Laboratorio de Materiales Biobasados do la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (BioLab FAU) é um espaço interdisciplinar e intergeracional de interação educativa e colaborativa.&nbsp

Profiles of physical, emotional and psychosocial wellbeing in the Lothian birth cohort 1936

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Physical, emotional, and psychosocial wellbeing are important domains of function. The aims of this study were to explore the existence of separable groups among 70-year olds with scores representing physical function, perceived quality of life, and emotional wellbeing, and to characterise any resulting groups using demographic, personality, cognition, health and lifestyle variables.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify possible groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results suggested there were 5 groups. These included High (n = 515, 47.2% of the sample), Average (n = 417, 38.3%), and Poor Wellbeing (n = 37, 3.4%) groups. The two other groups had contrasting patterns of wellbeing: one group scored relatively well on physical function, but low on emotional wellbeing (Good Fitness/ Low Spirits,n = 60, 5.5%), whereas the other group showed low physical function but relatively well emotional wellbeing (Low Fitness/Good Spirits, n = 62, 5.7%). Salient characteristics that distinguished all the groups included smoking and drinking behaviours, personality, and illness.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Despite there being some evidence of these groups, the results also support a largely one-dimensional construct of wellbeing in old age—for the domains assessed here—though with some evidence that some individuals have uneven profiles.</p

Mirroring everyday clinical practice in clinical trial design: a new concept to improve the external validity of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials in the pharmacological treatment of major depression

Background: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials constitute the gold standard in clinical research when testing the efficacy of new psychopharmacological interventions in the treatment of major depression. However, the blinded use of placebo has been found to influence clinical trial outcomes and may bias patient selection. Discussion: To improve clinical trial design in major depression so as to reflect clinical practice more closely we propose to present patients with a balanced view of the benefits of study participation irrespective of their assignment to placebo or active treatment. In addition every participant should be given the option to finally receive the active medication. A research agenda is outlined to evaluate the impact of the proposed changes on the efficacy of the drug to be evaluated and on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the enrollment fraction with regard to its representativeness of the eligible population. Summary: We propose a list of measures to be taken to improve the external validity of double-blind, placebocontrolled trials in major depression. The recommended changes to clinical trial design may also be relevant for other psychiatric as well as medical disorders in which expectations regarding treatment outcome may affect the outcome itself

A Critical Assessment of Stellar Mass Measurement Methods

In this paper we perform a comprehensive study of the main sources of random and systematic errors in stellar mass measurement for galaxies using their Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). We use mock galaxy catalogs with simulated multi-waveband photometry (from U-band to mid-infrared) and known redshift, stellar mass, age and extinction for individual galaxies. Given different parameters affecting stellar mass measurement (photometric S/N ratios, SED fitting errors, systematic effects, the inherent degeneracies and correlated errors), we formulated different simulated galaxy catalogs to quantify these effects individually. We studied the sensitivity of stellar mass estimates to the codes/methods used, population synthesis models, star formation histories, nebular emission line contributions, photometric uncertainties, extinction and age. For each simulated galaxy, the difference between the input stellar masses and those estimated using different simulation catalogs, $\Delta\log(M)$, was calculated and used to identify the most fundamental parameters affecting stellar masses. We measured different components of the error budget, with the results listed as follows: (1). no significant bias was found among different codes/methods, with all having comparable scatter; (2). A source of error is found to be due to photometric uncertainties and low resolution in age and extinction grids; (3). The median of stellar masses among different methods provides a stable measure of the mass associated with any given galaxy; (4). The deviations in stellar mass strongly correlate with those in age, with a weaker correlation with extinction; (5). the scatter in the stellar masses due to free parameters are quantified, with the sensitivity of the stellar mass to both the population synthesis codes and inclusion of nebular emission lines studied.Comment: 33 pages, 20 Figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa

Properties of Dark Matter Haloes and their Correlations: the Lesson from Principal Component Analysis

We study the correlations between the structural parameters of dark matter haloes using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We consider a set of eight parameters, six of which are commonly used to characterize dark matter halo properties: mass, concentration, spin, shape, overdensity, and the angle ($\Phi_L$) between the major axis and the angular momentum vector. Two additional parameters (\x_{off} and $\rho_{rms}$) are used to describe the degree of `relaxedness' of the halo. We find that we can account for much of the variance of these properties with halo mass and concentration, on the one hand, and halo relaxedness on the other. Nonetheless, three principle components are usually required to account for most of the variance. We argue that halo mass is not as dominant as expected, which is a challenge for halo occupation models and semi-analytic models that assume that mass determines other halo (and galaxy) properties. In addition, we find that the angle $\Phi_L$ is not significantly correlated with other halo parameters, which may present a difficulty for models in which galaxy disks are oriented in haloes in a particular way. Finally, at fixed mass, we find that a halo's environment (quantified by the large-scale overdensity) is relatively unimportant.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures; minor revisions; MNRAS, in pres

Universal IMF vs dark halo response in early-type galaxies: breaking the degeneracy with the fundamental plane

We use the relations between aperture stellar velocity dispersion (\sigma_ap), stellar mass (M_sps), and galaxy size (R_e) for a sample of \sim 150,000 early-type galaxies from SDSS/DR7 to place constraints on the stellar initial mass function (IMF) and dark halo response to galaxy formation. We build LCDM based mass models that reproduce, by construction, the relations between galaxy size, light concentration and stellar mass, and use the spherical Jeans equations to predict \sigma_ap. Given our model assumptions (including those in the stellar population synthesis models), we find that reproducing the median \sigma_ap vs M_sps relation is not possible with {\it both} a universal IMF and a universal dark halo response. Significant departures from a universal IMF and/or dark halo response are required, but there is a degeneracy between these two solutions. We show that this degeneracy can be broken using the strength of the correlation between residuals of the velocity-mass (\Delta log \sigma_ap) and size-mass (\Delta log R_e) relations. The slope of this correlation, d_vr \equiv \Delta log \sigma_ap/\Delta log R_e, varies systematically with galaxy mass from d_vr \simeq -0.45 at M_sps \sim 10^{10}M_sun, to d_vr \simeq -0.15 at M_sps \sim 10^{11.6} M_sun. The virial fundamental plane (FP) has d_vr=-1/2, and thus we find the tilt of the observed FP is mass dependent. Reproducing this tilt requires {\it both} a non-universal IMF and a non-universal halo response. Our best model has mass-follows-light at low masses (Msps < 10^{11.2}M_sun) and unmodified NFW haloes at M_sps \sim 10^{11.5} M_sun. The stellar masses imply a mass dependent IMF which is "lighter" than Salpeter at low masses and "heavier" than Salpeter at high masses.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, accepted to MNRAS. More extensive discussion, 4 new figures, conclusions unchange