Gender and social exclusion/inclusion: a study of indigenous women in Bangladesh

Since the nineteenth century, social exclusion and inclusion have been prominent concepts in policy debates across Europe. This thesis discusses the fact that poverty and social exclusion are often seen as closely related, overlapping or even indistinguishable in the existing literature. Thus there are no uncontested definitions of poverty, social exclusion and inclusion, and these concepts remain the subject of definitional disagreements among intellectuals. This research has tried to bring out these concepts in a gender perspective on Bangladesh as a developing country, examining indigenous women’s status at the domestic and wider societal levels and recent developments in this. The data were collected using qualitative methods. Data analysis was done through the qualitative approaches that are presented by thematic analysis. The findings of this research indicate that the processes of social exclusion and inclusion of indigenous people, especially women, need to be addressed in a policy paper, since creating appropriate policy tools would be the best way of spreading – rather than imposing – the basic values and standards necessary to give a sense of inclusion to all the people of Bangladesh. At the same time, this research has highlighted the fact that, though Chakma and Garo indigenous women live in communities with different social structures – patriarchal for Chakma women and matrilineal for Garo women – in practice these two groups share common life experiences

Improving the lifetime of two-tiered sensor networks using genetic algorithm

Wireless sensor networks have been envisioned to have a wide range of applications which consist of many inexpensive and low-powered wireless nodes which are used to sense, gather, and transmit the data towards the base station. In Two-Tiered wireless sensor networks, nodes are grouped into clusters, with a minimum of one cluster-head to distribute the work load among the member nodes. In the recent years, higher-powered relay nodes have been proposed to act as cluster heads and these relay nodes form a network among themselves in order to improve the lifetime of the sensor networks. Since the nodes are generally energy constrained, efficient management of the network data communication scheme can maximize the lifetime of the networks. A Genetic Algorithm is the technique for randomized search and optimization which is based on Darwin\u27s Principal of Natural Selection. In this paper, we have proposed a Genetic Algorithm based solution for scheduling the data gathering of relay nodes that can significantly extend the lifetime of the relay node network. We have simulated our method on 15 different sizes of networks and measured the lifetime of the network as the number of rounds, until the first relay node runs out of battery power. For smaller networks, where the global optimum can be determined, our genetic algorithm based approach is always able to find the optimal solution with a lesser program run-time. For larger networks, we have compared our approach with traditional routing schemes and shown that our method leads to significant improvements

Bootstrap mechanisms and unitary symmetries

We study the consequences of the applications of the 'Bootstrap’ hypothesis to the Unitary Symmetries. The groups SU(3), SU (6), U(6,6) and their applications to the strong Interactions of the Hadrons are discussed in the first Chapter. In the second Chapter, we discuss some of the methods that have been used in the past in dynamical (bootstrap) calculations. In the third Chapter, we consider the P-wave quark-pseudoscalar meson Octet scattering and investigate whether the existence of the three quarks, Q, which belong to the spinor representation of SU(3) and are supposed to have fractional charges, can be explained in a self-consistent scheme. The calculation shows that there exists a reciprocal bootstrap relationship between quarks, Q and some other particles, which have the baxyon number 1/3, spin 3/2 and belong to the 15-dimensional representation of SU(3), Using the determinantal method the self-consistent values we have obtained are: NA 2429Mev.,5251 Mev., 22 and 32, where MQ, MQ and g22 are respectively the masses and couplings of Q and Q*. In the fourth Chapter, we consider the meson-baryon scattering in the context of U(6,6) symmetry and study the mass-splittings of the , baryon Octet and Decouplet by N/D method. It is assumed that the SU(3) symmetry is approximately exact so that the masses of the baxyon Octet and Decouplet obtained by using the U(6,6) vertices in the calculation should correspond roughly to their respective 80(3) degenerate masses. Although the results are very much cut off-dependent, the calculations shows that by varying the cut off, S and U(6,6) coupling, g parameters It is possible to obtain the mass-spilttings in the right direction. Considering the very much involved nature of the calculations, one may conclude that the results agree reasonably well with the known experimental facts

E-Commerce Model based on Fuzzy Based Certain Trust Model

Trustworthiness especially for service oriented system is very important topic now a day in IT field of the whole world. There are many successful E-commerce organizations presently run in the whole world, but E-commerce has not reached its full potential. The main reason behind this is lack of Trust of people in e-commerce. Again, proper models are still absent for calculating trust of different e-commerce organizations. Most of the present trust models are subjective and have failed to account vagueness and ambiguity of different domain. In this paper we have proposed a new fuzzy logic based Certain Trust model which considers these ambiguity and vagueness of different domain. Fuzzy Based Certain Trust Model depends on some certain values given by experts and developers can be applied in a system like cloud computing, internet, website, e-commerce, etc. to ensure trustworthiness of these platforms. In this paper we show, although fuzzy works with uncertainties, proposed model works with some certain values. Some experimental results and validation of the model with linguistics terms are shown at the last part of the paper

Virtual Collaborative R&D Teams in Malaysia Manufacturing SMEs

This paper presents the results of empirical research conducted during March to September 2009. The study focused on the influence of virtual research and development (R&D) teams within Malaysian manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The specific objective of the study is better understanding of the application of collaborative technologies in business, to find the effective factors to assist SMEs to remain competitive in the future. The paper stresses to find an answer for a question “Is there any relationship between company size, Internet connection facility and virtuality?”. The survey data shows SMEs are now technologically capable of performing the virtual collaborative team, but the infrastructure usage is less. SMEs now have the necessary technology to begin the implementation process of collaboration tools to reduce research and development (R&D) time, costs and increase productivity. So, the manager of R&D should take the potentials of virtual teams into account

PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN FARAH GUZNAVI'S "GETTING THERE", "A MOSQUITO NET CONFESSION" AND ARISTOPHANES’ LYSISTRATA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

This study aims at comparing Farah Guznavi’s two short stories, “Getting There” & “A Mosquito Net Confession” with a Greek classic comedy, Lysistara by Aristophanes. Female protagonists revolt to bring about a change in the male dominated society.  The short stories are written in the context of Bangladeshi society depicting the condition of women in every sphere of social setup by a prominent writer, Farah Guznavi. Whereas the classic Greek plays Lysistrata was written in the context of ancient Greece. All three have a revolutionary thought which the writers intend to spread in the society with a view to bring about an epoch making change to the condition of women. Researchers find out the common grounds among the three texts. Both researchers have largely depended on qualitative resources like- articles, newspapers, magazines, books and internet sources.Keywords: “Getting There”, “A Mosquito Net Confession”, Lysistara, Farah Guznavi, and Aristophanes, Women.

Study of a low-cost, portable, and solar powered pump for improving income, food and energy security in Sub-Saharan Africa

The focus of this research was on Sub-Saharan Africa where a large portion of the poorer population is unable to receive their daily dietary supply, have a shortage of water and are frequently hit by famines. While being rich in energy resources, they are poor in energy supply. This research studies a system that has a potential to make use of the local resources efficiently, be of low-cost, utilise renewable energy and generate income in the region. Experimental Analysis of a low temperature differential Stirling engine, EMSE, was conducted to map the temperature and pressure profile. Modifications made to the EMSE adversely affected the performance of the EMSE and a combination experimental scenario was utilised to validate the computational analysis of the Stirling Engine. The indicated work output remained consistent across the various scenarios to which the Stirling Engine was subjected, showing a threshold pressure based on the geometry and the construction of the engine. Low cost focus of the study is the Achilles’ heel of the project. For an effective Stirling system, tighter tolerance is paramount but, very expensive to achieve