THE FRAGMENTED SELF AND MODERNIST EXPERIMENTATION IN VIRGINIA WOOLF’S MRS DALLOWAY

This article explores Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway (1925) as a seminal work of literary modernism that interrogates the fractured nature of identity in the aftermath of World War I. Through a dual focus on Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith, the novel examines the tensions between interior experience and social expectation, memory and temporality, conformity and collapse. Woolf’s use of stream of consciousness, nonlinear narrative, and shifting perspectives allows for an intimate portrayal of psychological disintegration and emotional resilience. Drawing on psychoanalytic, philosophical, and socio-political frameworks, the analysis reveals how Woolf critiques institutional power, medical authority, and class hierarchy while proposing an alternative aesthetic rooted in impression and subjectivity. Ultimately, Mrs Dalloway articulates a vision of the modern self as contingent, relational, and continually shaped by both historical trauma and fleeting moments of insight

ON THE SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION OF LITERARY TERMS IN EXPLANATORY DICTIONARIES OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE

The article discusses research conducted in the terminology of the field and various views on the semantic characteristics of terms. In particular, the semantic description of literary terms given in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language" is discussed, and it is emphasized that the lexicographical description of literary terms and their correct presentation in dictionaries contribute to the development of the language of the field of science, the improvement of the terminological system, the improvement of the quality of education and training, and the effectiveness of scientific and practical activities

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a One-Week English Training Program for University Employees in Iraq

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a one-week English language training program designed for newly employed staff at Al-Qadisiyah University, as mandated by the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education. The program aimed to enhance the functional English skills necessary for academic and workplace communication. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 180 participants, with 90 valid responses collected and analyzed. The survey incorporated elements from Constructivist Learning Theory, Second Language Acquisition (SLA) Theory, and principles of Effective Program Design to assess learner engagement, content relevance, instructional methods, and learning outcomes. Results indicate that participants reported noticeable improvement in their English proficiency, particularly in speaking and listening, and expressed positive perceptions regarding the interactive and practical nature of the course. However, challenges such as limited training duration and insufficient time for skill-specific focus were also noted. The findings provide evidence for the program’s potential impact and offer insights for improving future language training initiatives in Iraqi higher education institutions

LIFE AND WORK OF ZLATA PIRNAT COGNARD AND CHILDREN’S LITERATURE

This study examines the life and literary legacy of Zlata Pirnat Cognard, a remarkable luminary in the field of children's literature. It meticulously traces her life from her birth in Trsat, Croatia, in 1912 to her later migration to Ljubljana and France, where she studied history, sociology and her deep interest in children's literature. Cognard's academic work was characterized by extensive research on Yugoslav women writers, which resulted in seminal works such as the Bibliography of Slovene Women Writers (1936) and her doctoral thesis completed at Sorbonne in 1975. Her meticulous compilation of bibliographies and her astute critical analyses serve to illuminate the literary output of Slovene and Croatian women writers and thus secure them a place in academic discourse. Outside of academia, Cognard works as a journalist and writer, contributing to the literary landscape with original works and translations. In addition, her interaction with prominent figures emphasizes her important role as a catalyst for cultural exchange. This contribution emphasizes the value of Cognard's literary archive, which is kept in the National and University Library of Ljubljana, and makes it an indispensable resource for future research. Through a careful examination of her lasting legacy and its impact on Slovenian, Croatian and French literature, this study seeks to shed light on Cognard's lasting influence on children's literature and academic research

THE TRADITION OF RESEARCHING COMIC WORKS

This article examines the tradition of studying Uzbek satirical works, the emergence of literary works, and their further revival on the basis of sociopsychological time. Additionally, the article, to the extent possible, clarifies the role of laughter, primarily satirical laughter, as a means of artistic depiction, a principle of expressing events, and one of the methods of image creation using the example of the work of Abdulla Aripov, which has been little studied. The studied materials were studied via examples of the currently known functions of laughter in the satirical poetic works of Erkin Vohidov, Abdulla Aripov, and Anvar Abidjon, and they were scientifically generalized

TRANSLATING TRAUMA: A BOURDIEUSIAN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATOR AGENCY IN THE VIRGIN OF SINJAR ‘ATHRAA SINJAR’ عذراء سنجار

This paper employs Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological framework to examine the translator’s role in mediating symbolic power through six selected Arabic excerpts from عذراء سنجار  (Athraa Sinjar). Two passages were chosen for each of three thematic clusters: (1) symbolic power and mass obedience. (2) dehumanization of Yazidi women, and (3) physical violence, and translated into English for close textual analysis. The study explores how the translator’s habitus informs linguistic choices, how varying forms of capital (cultural, social, symbolic) shape translation decisions, and how illusio guides the emotional and ethical investments underpinning translation practices. Through this reflexive analysis, the paper illuminates the translator as an agent navigating the literary field, negotiating power relations, and shaping the novel’s insertion into global discourses on minority trauma and cultural representation. The study contributes to translation sociology by offering a model for integrating translator agency with textual practice

CLARIFYING THE DILEMMAS OF HYPOSPADIAS CLASSIFICATION

Introduction: Hypospadias is a congenital penile anomaly characterized by an abnormal urethral meatus position, penile curvature (chordee), and a ventrally deficient foreskin. Existing classifications often overlook crucial surgical factors such as urethral plate width and chordee severity, leading to inconsistencies in surgical decision-making. A more objective intraoperative classification is essential for accurate evaluation and treatment planning. Objective: This study aims to determine the most effective hypospadias classification system by analyzing published literature and clinical cases, with a focus on intraoperative assessment. Materials and Methods: This prospective study analyzed 60 pediatric hypospadias patients treated at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo from February to October 2023. Intraoperative classification was performed via a form based on Prof. Dr. Ahmed Hadidi’s system. Additionally, a retrospective review of the relevant literature was conducted to identify the most appropriate classification approach. Results: Of the 60 patients, 20 (33.3%) had glandular hypospadias, and 40 (66.7%) had distal penile hypospadias preoperatively. A complete foreskin was found in 7 (11.7%) patients, whereas 53 (88.3%) patients had an incomplete foreskin. Chordees were absent in 23 (38.3%), superficial in 31 (51.7%), and deep in 6 (10%) patients. The urethral plate width was <1 cm in 42 (70%) cases and ≥1 cm in 18 (30%) cases. The glans presented included 11 (18.3%) cleft glans, 44 (73.3%) partial cleft glans, and 5 (8.3%) flat glans. Torsion was absent in 52 (86.7%) patients. Scrotal transposition was noted in 2 (3.3%) patients. Conclusions: A comprehensive classification incorporating all anatomical elements enhances surgical decision-making and standardizes anomaly descriptions for global communication. Anterior hypospadias (subcoronal and glandular) is the most common type and is often associated with incomplete foreskin and chordee, reinforcing the need for precise classification

EARLY POSTMODERNIST AND SOCIALIST REALISM TENDENCIES IN THE CREATIVE WORK OF RAMADAN SOKOLI

Over 60% of Ramadan Sokoli's music is composed of flute. These operas include miniatures, duets, and trios and extend to rhapsodies, suites, and concertos. In Prof. Sokoli's "Rhapsody No.1" for flute and piano, the choice of the Sonata Form (with an introductory theme and episode, without development) and reliance on the intonations of the Shkodër urban folk music (themes and modal-tonal harmony) result in a piece that is both accessible to audiences and exemplary in its refinement of folk music traditions. "Concerto No.1" for flute and piano, composed by Prof. Sokoli in 1956, shares the same year of composition as "Rhapsody No.1." While the structural elements of both works are nearly identical—featuring an introductory Sostenuto with rich harmonic textures, themes inspired by the intonations of northern urban music, and a Sonata Form, "Concerto No.1" marks a significant advancement in harmonic and thematic development. In "Burlesque," Prof. Sokoli chose a small ternary composition structure. This miniature for flute incorporates thematic material with a distinct national character. Despite being miniature, the flute technique is well showcased, establishing it as a convincing addition to the flute repertoire. The researcher worked on these operas with the students in class and played them in the concert, and reached the following conclusions

EXPLORING THE CRITICAL PERIOD HYPOTHESIS: PERSPECTIVES, THEORIES, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

The whole purpose of this research is to describe what exactly the Critical Period Hypothesis is. The researcher takes into account different opinions of various authors on what specifically they have emphasized regarding the Critical Period Hypothesis. The Critical Period Hypothesis states that language acquisition becomes significantly more challenging and ultimately less successful after the first few years of life, which is the period when language develops most easily. This typically occurs between the ages of five and puberty. However, this does not imply that every researcher agrees—or should agree—with this theory. Noam Chomsky, one of the most well-known linguists of the twentieth century, founded his linguistic theories on certain philosophical ideas. Transformational Generative Grammar, based on mentalist philosophy, represents his primary contribution to linguistics. According to his Innateness Hypothesis, developed in the context of language learning, children are born with an inherent knowledge of the basic rules of grammar. Despite the complexity of the process, this innate knowledge aids children in acquiring their native language naturally and methodically. During a child's developmental stage, language acquisition is considered one of the most challenging processes. From the first few weeks of life until the mastery of grammar, the process of first language acquisition is carefully examined. The question of whether children learn their native language naturally or through significant effort remains a topic of considerable debate. Despite not being universally accepted, the Innateness Hypothesis remains the most compelling theory to explain how children acquire language. What, then, is the relevance of the critical period concept for adult learners as opposed to children? This, along with other important questions related to the issue, is addressed in the following sections

ORIENTALISM ACROSS THE EPOCHS: DECODING CENTURIES, SHAPING FUTURES

This article presents a meticulous exploration of Orientalism, tracing its origins from the medieval period to contemporary manifestations. Combining historical perspectives that track Western perceptions of the East with theoretical insights scrutinizing the construction and interpretation of knowledge, the study delves into key epochs. From its nascent stages in medieval Europe, influenced by early translations of classical texts referencing the East, Orientalism evolved during the Renaissance and Enlightenment. The nineteenth century saw its entanglement with colonial ambitions, which shaped Western perspectives. Edward Said prompted a critical reevaluation in the twentieth century, introducing diverse voices and postcolonial perspectives. In the twenty-first century, Orientalism adapts to increased inclusivity and global dialogues, influenced by digital archives, cultural exchange, and interconnectivity. This article offers a nuanced understanding of Orientalism's multifaceted journey, reflecting on its historical roots and contemporary adaptations in the dynamic landscape of the East and West's interactions