Exobiology and Future Mars Missions

Scientific questions associated with exobiology on Mars were considered and how these questions should be addressed on future Mars missions was determined. The mission that provided a focus for discussions was the Mars Rover/Sample Return Mission

Model Pengamanan End-to-End Pada M-Banking Berbasis Algoritma Kurva Hyper Elliptic

. Currently, banking transactions using mobile banking has grown rapidly. The increasing the number of mobile application users becomes one of the main factors. Several approaches have been developed to improve the transaction security. Problems of message security still requires a solution to achieve computing speed and leverage security level. In this paper, we propose a security algorithms used to improve the mobile banking security with hyperelliptic curve algorithm. It will create a safe and an efficient transactions while message will be sent via public internet. Hyperelliptic curve algorithm will run a processes for authentication and encryption. it will produce fast computation and has good security level. This research produced little computing time on m-banking application while it run on Android. Hyperelliptic curve algorithm use a smaller key to achieve a good security level at m-banking application

Legal Aid Services in Malawi

This Article will acquaint the reader with the organization and operation of legal aid services in Malawi. The discussion of the program will survey the economic, social, and legal context within which the program operates, the constitutional framework and the practical operation of the whole scheme, including the administration of the Legal Aid Department, the recruitment and functioning of the professional staff, and the kind of cases with which the Department deals

Diversity and Determination of Wildlife ‘Umbrella Species\u27 in the Gunung Leuser National Park

The determination of ‘umbrella species\u27 in the wildlife conservation implementation is very important to be effective and directed. This study was aimed to obtain information wildlife diversity (primates and terrestrial mammals) and ‘umbrella species\u27 on various type of habitats to support conservation programs in the Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), of Besitang Watershed, North Sumatera. The research was carried for six months, from May to October 2015. The observation was made using combination of variable circular plot and strip transect methods. Determination of \u27umbrella species\u27 is done through valuating by referring to the Department of Forestry criterias (2008). Primate were identified about 6 species and terrestrial mammal of 16 species. Primate and mammal diversity index are with the category of low to moderate with abudance index between 5.60-15.32. Based onassessment criteria and consideration to high conflict potential show that ‘umbrella species\u27 are elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847). The wildlife conservation implications are recommended, such as to the elephants around GLNP, i.e to increase research wildlife distribution and population, habitat protection and population pockets, to develop a database and monitoring with geographic information systems (GIS), the minimization a hunting and law enforcement as well as mitigation wildlife conflicts, such as elephants and orangutans

Cellular and cytokine immunoregulation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma.

BACKGROUND: Different forms of chronic airway inflammation may involve diverse pathogenic elements. In general, deficient defence response is a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas distorted immunoregulatory mechanisms lead to development of asthmatic symptoms. In addition to diverse effector mechanisms, the cellular and humoral elements participating in the development of immune response may appear to be different in COPD and bronchial asthma (BA) patients. AIMS: To evaluate the immunoregulatory properties of T cells and monocytes in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and to determine the chosen cytokine profiles in COPD and BA patients. METHODS: The microcultures of PBMC from COPD and BA patients were assessed for the T-cell response to mitogens, saturation of interleukin (IL)-2 receptors, T-cell suppressive activity and monokine influence on lymphocyte proliferation. Concomitantly, the cytokine (IL-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) concentrations were determined in the serum, the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and in the culture supernatants. RESULTS: The T-lymphocyte reactions (response to phytohaemagglutinin, IL-2 receptor saturation, suppressive activity) were lower in BA patients than in COPD patients. Reversely, the immunogenic activity of monocytes (IL-1beta versus IL-1ra production) was higher in BA patients than in COPD patients. The highest values of cytokine concentrations were found in the culture supernatants. The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher and the concentration of IL-1ra was lower in BA patients than in COPD patients. CONCLUSION: The assessments of cellular immunoregulatory properties and cytokine profiles in the cultures of blood mononuclear cells may prove helpful for diagnostic and therapeutic discrimination between BA and COPD patients

Synthesis Of Novel 2-aryl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1,3-thiazinan-4-ones Via Ultrasound Irradiation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)This study describes the synthesis of fourteen thiazinanones from a multicomponent reaction of 2-morpholinoehtylamine (as primary amine), arenealdehydes (as carbonyl compound) and the mercaptopropionic acid using both conventional (thermal heating) and ultrasound methodologies. Through thermal heating methodology, the thiazinanones were obtained in 49 to 97% yields for 16 hours and through sonochemistry methodology, the reaction time was reduced for 25 minutes with yields 41 to 88%. The full identification and characterization of unpublished heterocycles were achieved by proton (H-1) and carbon 13 (C-13) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and infrared. Some of them were also characterized by elemental analysis.27611091115UFPelFAPERGS [11/2068-7]FAPESP [2013/18203-5]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Penurunan Respon Nyeri Akut Pada Bayi Prematur Yang Dilakukan Prosedur Invasif Melalui Developmental Care

Pain is a stimulus that can damage the developing brains of premature babies. Developmental care is one strategyin reduce pain caused by invasive procedure. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of developmentalcare on acute pain response in premature babies who had been performed invasive procedure. This study used quasiexperimentresearch design non equivalen control group, before and after design, involving 42 sample consisted of 21premature babies in both control and intervention groups, technical sampling used accidental sampling. This studyfounded that there was a significant difference in change score of acute pain response between on intervention andcontrol groups (p= 0.000; α= 0.05), developmental care decreased 2,05 point of pain scores). Developmental care wasrecommended to be applied in nursing care for premature babies. Further research on effect developmental care ondevelopment of premature babies influence cognitive, languanges, and motor skills aspects need to be designed