Quantum Coherence Effects in Four-level Diamond Atomic System

A symmetric four-level closed-loop $\diamondsuit$ type (the diamond structure) atomic system driven by four coherent optical fields is investigated. The system shows rich quantum interference and coherence features. When symmetry of the system is broken, interesting phenomena such as single and double dark resonances appear. As a result, the double electromagnetically induced transparency effect is generated, which will facilitate the implementation of quantum phase gate operation.Comment: 8pages, 19 figure

Beiträge zur Geschichte des Landkreises Regensburg 8

1200 Jahre Sünching - Beiträge zur Geschichte eine Gäubodengemeinde; Darin: Werner, Hannsjürgen: Die vor- und frühgeschichtliche Besiedlung der Gemeinde Sünching (S. 10); Spitzlberger, Georg: Ein römisches Landhaus im Raum Sünching (S. 15); Fendl, Josef: Die Ochsenstraße (S. 18); Fendl, Josef: Die ersten urkundlichen Nennungen Sünchings (S. 19); Fendl, Josef: Das älteste Sünchinger Denkmal (S. 21); Fendl, Josef: Die Sünchinger - Marschälle des Hochstifts Regensburg (S. 23); Fendl, Josef: Die Hofer und Staufer als Herren von Sünching (S. 25); Fendl, Josef: Eine Sünchinger Prachtbibel (S. 30); Fendl, Josef: Ein Sünchinger war Hofnarr der Fürstbischöfe von Passau (S. 32); Reichl, Josef: Die Seinsheimer in Sünching (S. 34); Fendl, Josef: Ein schreckliches halbes Jahr (1633/34) (S. 39); Fendl, Josef: Die Herrschaft Sünching (S. 40); Fendl, Josef: Die Sünchinger Sautonerl (S. 42); Fendl, Josef: Die Sünchinger haben wunderbare Hilf erlangt (S. 44); Hotter, Hans: Der Kreitmaier-Prozeß (S. 46); Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, Franz: Das Sünchinger Schloß (S. 51); Reichl, Josef, Die Sünchinger Kirchen (S. 57); Fendl, Josef: Die Brandkatastrophe von 1859 (S. 59); Fendl, Josef: Die Sünchinger Völkchen im vorigen Jahrhundert (S. 61); Fendl, Josef: Aus der Schulgeschichte Sünchings (S. 62); Jende, Herbert: Geschichtliche Entwicklung der Postanstalt Sünching (S. 68); Zeitler, Walther: Sünching war einmal Eisenbahnknotenpunkt (S. 71); Reichl, Josef: Sünchinger Flurnamen (S. 75); Hermes, Karl: Sünching (S. 79); Fendl, Josef: Die Sünchinger Wappen (S. 95); Zölch, Willi: Wußten Sie, dass ... (S. 96); Frank, Georg: Heimat Sünching (S. 98

Tetracycline Inducible Gene Manipulation in Serotonergic Neurons

The serotonergic (5-HT) neuronal system has important and diverse physiological functions throughout development and adulthood. Its dysregulation during development or later in adulthood has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Transgenic animal models designed to study the contribution of serotonergic susceptibility genes to a pathological phenotype should ideally allow to study candidate gene overexpression or gene knockout selectively in serotonergic neurons at any desired time during life. For this purpose, conditional expression systems such as the tet-system are preferable. Here, we generated a transactivator (tTA) mouse line (TPH2-tTA) that allows temporal and spatial control of tetracycline (Ptet) controlled transgene expression as well as gene deletion in 5-HT neurons. The tTA cDNA was inserted into a 196 kb PAC containing a genomic mouse Tph2 fragment (177 kb) by homologous recombination in E. coli. For functional analysis of Ptet-controlled transgene expression, TPH2-tTA mice were crossed to a Ptet-regulated lacZ reporter line (Ptet-nLacZ). In adult double-transgenic TPH2-tTA/Ptet-nLacZ mice, TPH2-tTA founder line L62-20 showed strong serotonergic β-galactosidase expression which could be completely suppressed with doxycycline (Dox). Furthermore, Ptet-regulated gene expression could be reversibly activated or inactivated when Dox was either withdrawn or added to the system. For functional analysis of Ptet-controlled, Cre-mediated gene deletion, TPH2-tTA mice (L62-20) were crossed to double transgenic Ptet-Cre/R26R reporter mice to generate TPH2-tTA/Ptet-Cre/R26R mice. Without Dox, 5-HT specific recombination started at E12.5. With permanent Dox administration, Ptet-controlled Cre-mediated recombination was absent. Dox withdrawal either postnatally or during adulthood induced efficient recombination in serotonergic neurons of all raphe nuclei, respectively. In the enteric nervous system, recombination could not be detected. We generated a transgenic mouse tTA line (TPH2-tTA) which allows both inducible and reversible transgene expression and inducible Cre-mediated gene deletion selectively in 5-HT neurons throughout life. This will allow precise delineation of serotonergic gene functions during development and adulthood

Testing local and global stressor impacts on a coastal foundation species using an ecologically realistic framework

Despite the abundance of literature on organismal responses to multiple environmental stressors, most studies have not matched the timing of experimental manipulations with the temporal pattern of stressors in nature. We test the interactive effects of diel-cycling hypoxia with both warming and decreased salinities using ecologically realistic exposures. Surprisingly, we found no evidence of negative synergistic effects on Olympia oyster growth; rather, we found only additive and opposing effects of hypoxia (detrimental) and warming (beneficial). We suspect that diel-cycling provided a temporal refuge that allowed physiological compensation. We also tested for latent effects of warming and hypoxia to low-salinity tolerance using a seasonal delay between stressor events. However, we did not find a latent effect, rather a threshold survival response to low salinity that was independent of early life-history exposure to warming or hypoxia. The absence of synergism is likely the result of stressor treatments that mirror the natural timing of environmental stressors. We provide environmental context for laboratory experimental data by examining field time series environmental data from four North American west coast estuaries and find heterogeneous environmental signals that characterize each estuary, suggesting that the potential stressor exposure to oysters will drastically differ over moderate spatial scales. This heterogeneity implies that efforts to conserve and restore oysters will require an adaptive approach that incorporates knowledge of local conditions. We conclude that studies of multiple environmental stressors can be greatly improved by integrating ecologically realistic exposure and timing of stressors found in nature with organismal life-history traits

Overview of the instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned