The current cost of avoiding degradation of the Dutch North Sea Environment

Het doel van dit rapport is een overzicht te geven van de kosten die jaarlijks worden uitgegeven om de aantasting van het milieu in het Nederlandse deel van de Noordzee te voorkomen. Dit overzicht kan wor# den gebruikt als indicatie voor de ondergrens van de werkelijke aan de aantasting van het mariene milieu verbonden kosten. Daarnaast geeft dit rapport inzicht in het type maatregelen en wie de kosten hiervan dragen. De uitkomsten van dit rapport kunnen zowel dienen als basis voor een kosteneffectiviteitsstudie, als voor het bepalen van de betaalbaarheid en/of de disproportionaliteit van kosten voor toekomstige Kaderrichtlijn Mariene Strategie (KRM) maatregele

The separation of zeros for entire functions of exponential type

<p>Manusia hidup di dunia ini sangat tergantung oleh budaya. Budaya sangat mempengaruhi setiap aspek kehidupan manusia yang terjadi secara menyeluruh sesuai tuntutan dan kebutuhan. Aktivitas manusia mulai dari bangun tidur sampai tidur lagi tidak lepas dari pengaruh budaya. Budaya memang bersifat <em>long life </em>karena setiap peristiwa yang dialami manusia erat kaitannya dengan budaya. Misalnya seperti bersosialisasi dengan orang lain sangat berhubungan dengan budaya karena setiap insan memiliki kesadaran budaya masing. Seperti halnya seorang konselor jika menghadapi konseli saat memberikan layanan bimbingan dan konseling. Konselor harus memiliki kesadaran budaya dalam menghadapi konseli karena membawa esensi budaya masing-masing. Dalam memberikan layanan bimbingan dan konseling, konselor perlu memperhatikan kesadaran budaya karena mampu membawa konseli memahami karakteristik psikologis seperti kecerdasan (intelegensi, emosional, dan spiritual), bakat, sikap, motivasi, dan lain-lain. Konselor di Indonesia masih belum memperhatikan kesadaran budaya karena dalam pemberian layanan bimbingan dan konseling ikut membentuk tingkah laku baru serta menentukan keberhasilan proses konseling.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunc</strong>i : budaya konselor, layanan bimbingan dan konseling, masyarakat</p

Algebraic and combinatorial results for ranking competitors in a sequence of races

AbstractSuppose n competitors each compete in r races and a ranking function F assigns a score F(j) to the competitor finishing in the jth position in each race. The sum of the scores over the r races gives each competitor a final ranking with equal rankings being possible. A series representation and an asymptotic estimate are obtained for an, the number of ways of ranking n competitors in order, given that equal rankings are permissible. Also algebraic results are obtained which give criteria for the construction of a ranking function F which ranks scores in a predetermined way

Estimation of effective vaccination rate for pertussis in New Zealand as a case study

In some cases vaccination is unreliable. For example vaccination against pertussis has comparatively high level of primary and secondary failures. To evaluate efficiency of vaccination we introduce the idea of effective vaccination rate and suggest an approach to estimate it. We consider pertussis in New Zealand as a case study. The results indicate that the level of immunity failure for pertussis is considerably higher than was anticipated

Building Capacity in the Zambian Mental Health Workforce through Engaging College Educators: Evaluation of a Development Partnership in Higher Education (DelPHe) project

yesBetween 2008 and 2011 academic teaching staff from Leeds Beckett University (UK) and Chainama Hills College of Health Sciences (Zambia) worked together on a Development Partnership in Higher Education (DelPHe) project funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) via the British Council. The partnership focused on “up-scaling” the provision of mental health education which was intended to build capacity through the delivery of a range of workshops for health educators at Chainama College, Lusaka. The project was evaluated on completion using small focus group discussions (FGDs), so educators could feedback on their experience of the workshops and discuss the impact of learning into their teaching practice. This chapter discusses the challenges of scaling up the mental health workforce in Zambia; the rationale for the content and delivery style of workshops with the health educators and finally presents and critically discusses the evaluation findings.Department for International Development (DFID) via the British Counci

Adsorption of Streptococcus mutans on Chemically Treated Hydroxyapatite

Adsorption of Streptococcus mutans on hydroxyapatite and chemically treated hydroxyapatite was studied. Zeta potentials of the surfaces were measured. Chemically treated hydroxyapatite gave higher ζ potentials and lower S mutans adsorption.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67845/2/10.1177_00220345780570091601.pd

Schlieren Studies of Compressibility Effects on Dynamic Stall of Airfoils in Transient Pitching Motion

Compressibility effects on the flowfield of an airfoil executing rapid transient pitching motion from 0 - 60 degrees over a wide range of Mach numbers and pitching rates were studied using a stroboscopic schlieren flow visualization technique. The studies have led to the first direct experiments] documentation of multiple shocks on the airfoil upper surface flow for certain conditions. Also, at low Mach numbers, additional coherent vortical structures were found to be present along with the dynamic stall vortex, whereas at higher Mach numbers, the flow was dominated by a single vortex. The delineating Mach number for significant compressibility effects was 0.3 and the dynamic stall process was accelerated by increasing the Mach number above that value. Increasing the pitch rate monotonically delayed stall to angles of attack as large as 27 degrees.AFOSR-MIPR-87-0029 and 88-0010NAVAIRAR

A cross-sectional examination of the early-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and industrial emissions of toxic metals using Kentucky birth records, 2008–2017

This cross-sectional study assessed geospatial patterns of early-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (eHDP) in primiparous mothers and exposure to industrial emissions using geocoded residential information from Kentucky live (N = 210,804) and still (N = 1,247) birth records (2008–2017) and census block group estimates of aerosol concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zi) from the Risk Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model. A latent class analysis allowed for the identification of four district exposure classes—As, Cd, and Pb (12.6%); Se and Zi (21.4%); Pb and Cr (8%); and low or no exposures (57.9%). Women classified as having a high probability of exposure to both Pb and Cr had a statistically significantly greater prevalence of eHDP after adjusting for demographic factors (aPR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.44) relative to those with low or no exposure. Our findings contribute to the emerging literature on the association of metal exposures with pregnancy outcomes

Stable isotopes reveal the importance of seabirds and marine foods in the diet of St Kilda field mice

Introduced mammals have devastated island nesting seabird populations worldwide. Declines in breeding seabirds on St Kilda, UK, have been linked to climate change and predation from great skuas Stercorarius skuas, but the introduced St Kilda field mouse Apodemus sylvaticus hirtensis may also play a role by feeding on adults, chicks or eggs. Here, we use stable isotopes in St Kilda mouse blood and potential dietary items to investigate their foraging ecology, specifically focussing on the importance of seabirds and marine foods in their diet. Mice were seasonally sampled at three sites on Hirta, St Kilda over three consecutive years (2010–2012). The δ13C and δ15N ratios were used in analyses, including isotope niche and dietary source mixing models, to examine foraging behaviour among locations and between seabird breeding seasons. Mice sampled in Carn Mor – where the majority of the island’s seabirds nest - had consistently higher δ13C than other locations throughout the year, with δ15N also being significantly higher for all but one comparison. The isotopic niche width (SEAs) of Carn Mor mice in each season were distinct from the other locations, and became smaller during the seabird breeding season. Dietary mixing models revealed that seabirds made up a large proportion of the diet for mice from Carn Mor, particularly during the seabird breeding season. In conclusion, our work reveals that seabird-derived foods are likely to form a significant part of the diet of St Kilda mice populations located in and around breeding colonies. It is unclear however, whether this is from scavenging or predation of seabirds, or through their discarded food items. Given that mice have had significant effects on seabird populations elsewhere, it is important to carry out further work to determine whether mice are a significant cause of seabird mortality in this island ecosystem