Effect Of 6 Weeks Of Core Strengthening Exercises On Pulmonary Function Test In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the effects of core strengthening exercises on various pulmonary conditions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of core strengthening exercises using a Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) with breathing exercises on Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).OBJECTIVE:  This study aimed to compare core strengthening exercises with PBU along with breathing exercises and breathing exercises alone on Pulmonary Function Test (PFT).METHODS: Sixteen patients with mild to severe COPD based on PFT reports were assigned to either the exercise group (EG) - core strengthening exercise with PBU along with breathing exercises or the control group (CG) - breathing exercises. All participants underwent PFT, core strength test, COPD assessment test (CAT), and MMRC dyspnea grading pre and post to intervention. The intervention protocol for EG was 3 days/week for 6 weeks which was provided in Pulmonary rehabilitation setup of D.Y. Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai, and for CG was 5 days/week for 6 weeks through tele- rehabilitation. The results obtained were analyzed using Paired ‘t’ test for dependent measures, the Unpaired ‘t’ test for independent measures, and ‘Z’ test for qualitative data with a significance threshold of p<0.05.RESULTS: There were 8 participants in each group. Both EG and CG showed no significant effects of protocol post 6 weeks on PFT values. Comparison between EG and CG shows a higher value in CG for FEV 1 with p=0.0002 and FEV 1 /FVC with p=0.0001 in post 6 weeks as well as in baseline. No significant difference was noted between both groups for the CAT score. Significant improvement was noted in the core strength test with p=0.0001 and MMRC with p=0.0001 post 6 weeks for EG. CONCLUSION: Results obtained from the study suggest that core strengthening exercise with PBU along with breathing exercises has no superior effects in comparison with breathing exercises alone on Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) in patients with COPD.   &nbsp

Unique Invariant Point Theorems for Random operators In Hilbert Space

We find unique common random fixed point of two random operators in closed subset of a separable Hilbert space by considering a sequence of measurable functions satisfying  Theorem 1.1 and Theorem 1.2. Keywords: Separable Hilbert space, random operators, common random fixed point

Some Result on fixed point Theorem in Hilbert Space

This paper puts up a result regarding the generalization of the Banach contraction  principle in the Hilbert space, It consist of four rational square terms in the inequality. Further the corollary of Koparde and Wag mode was obtained by considering vanishing values to some constant towards the end of this result. Keywords: Hilbert space, closed subset, Cauchy sequence, Completeness

Bulk Viscosity of Magnetized Neutron Star Matter

We study the effect of magnetic field on the bulk viscosity of nuclear matter in neutron stars. We employ the framework of relativistic mean field theory to observe the dense nuclear matter in neutron stars. The effects are first studied for the case when the magnetic field does not exceed the critical value to confine the electrons to the lowest Landau levels. We then consider the case of intense magnetic field to evaluate viscosity for the URCA processes and show that the inequality $p_{F}(e)+p_{F}(p)\geq p_{F}(n)$ is no longer required to be satisfied for the URCA processes to proceed.Comment: Latex 2e file with four postscripts figure

Dating Howardite Melt Clasts: Evidence for an Extended Vestan Bombardment?

Howardites are polymict breccias that, together with eucrites and diogenites (HED), likely originate from the vestan surface (regolith/ megaregolith), and display a heterogeneous distribution of eucritic and diogenitic material. Melt clasts are also present alongside other regolithic features within howardites, and are noteworthy for their compositional variability and appearance. Melt clasts formed by impact events provide a snapshot of the timings and conditions of surface gardening and bombardment on the vestan surface. By dating such clasts, we aim to better constrain the timings of impact events on Vesta, and to establish whether the impact flux in the asteroid belt was similar to that on the Moon. As the Moon is used as the basis for characterising impact models of the inner solar system, it is necessary to verify that apparent wide-scale events are seen in other planetary bodies. In particular, the observed clustering of Apollo melt clast ages between 3.8-4.0 Ga has led to two hypotheses: 1) The Moon was subjected to a sudden event - 'Lunar Cataclysm' or period of 'Late Heavy Bombardment' (LHB), 2) The age cluster represents the end of an epoch of declining bombardment or 'Heavy Bombardment. No consensus has emerged regarding one or other hypothesis. We are testing these hypotheses by seeking evidence for such events in materials other than those derived from the Moon

Impact History on Vesta: Petrographic, Compositional and Future Chronological Studies of Melt Clasts in Howardites

Howardite meteorites are polymict breccias composed mainly of eucritic and diogenitic material that likely originate from the surface of the Asteroid 4 Vesta. They can be separated into two subtypes: Regolithic, which represent the lithified remains of the active vestan regolith; Fragmental, which represent simpler polymict breccias. Amongst the regolithic features observed in the former, melt clasts are particularly striking for their appearance and compositional variability. They range from glassy spherules to finely crystalline (i.e., devitrified) clasts, and clasts containing only relict mineral grains to those containing only phenocrysts. Glasses can be separated into compositional sub-types including those with low FeO/MgO ratios (less than 5) -low alkali glasses, K-rich (K2O greater than 0.2 wt.%), Na-rich (Na2O greater than 0.6 wt.%) and CaO-rich, and those with high FeO/MgO ratios (greater than 10). There is also a distinction to be made between primary volcanic melt clasts and those produced by impacts. While suggested that a lack of chemical homogeneity among their studied melt clasts ruled out a primary volcanic origin, the low siderophile element contents observed in such clasts suggest less compositional influence from impactors than commonly assumed. Studying the chronology of the impact melt clasts in howardites can help us to better determine the timing of impact events on Vesta and the asteroid belt. In this research, we are launching an investigation into the petrology, composition (major/trace element and noble gas) and chronology of melt clasts in howardites. We have selected a set of howardites known to contain large quantities of melt clasts, and have begun the petrological and compositional studies of these materials. Once the melt clasts have been fully classified, we aim to perform chronological studies of individual clasts using both the Ar-40/Ar-39 and Pb-Pb chronometers, as well as determine the noble gas components present. Of particular note, the study will take advantage of the laser ablation techniques associated with the noble gas facilities at ASU, which will allow high-resolution, in-situ analysis of individual clasts. The broader aim of this work is to ascertain whether the impact flux in the region of the asteroid belt was similar to that on the Moon. Our understanding of impact events in the inner Solar System relies heavily on our analyses of lunar meteorites and returned samples, and there is currently some debate regarding whether there was a "Lunar Cataclysm" event around approx. 3.9 Ga, or the end of an epoch of "Late Heavy Bombardment" (LHB) at this time. New and more comprehensive constraints on howardite melt clast ages may help determine whether the asteroid belt experienced such a cataclysm or LHB

Изучение поведенческих аспектов принятия финансовых решений работающими женщинами

In the challenging and volatile financial markets, an investor needs to change his financial objectives frequently, leading to a diversified portfolio of investments. The financial future of the individual investor depends on his rational decisionmaking. This research aims to evaluate various determinants of financial decision-making concerning working women in the National Capital Region, India. It examines the association of financial literacy, personal finance planning, and riskbehaviour with the financial decision-making of working females. The research also studies the different exogenous variables of financial literacy, including financial attitude (FA), financial behaviour (FB) and financial knowledge (FK). It utilises a quantitative approach for predicting relationships between the identified variables. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire designed on a 5-point Likert scale and was analysed through a partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. The study results suggest a positive and significant association of financial literacy and personal finance planning with financial decision-making by working women. On the other hand, risk behaviour negatively affects financial decision-making. The findings also reveal that all three exogenous variables, financial attitude, financial behaviour and financial knowledge, have a strong relationship with financial literacy. The research is relevant for individual women investing in various financial avenues to take better decisions. This study also benefits financial managers and institutions to target as women are potential investors in a developing country like India.В условиях сложных и нестабильных финансовых рынков инвестору приходится часто менять свои финансовые цели, что приводит к диверсификации портфеля инвестиций. Финансовое будущее индивидуального инвестора зависит от его рационального принятия решений. Цель данного исследования – оценить различные детерминанты принятия финансовых решений работающими женщинами в Национальном столичном регионе Индии. Изучена связь финансовой грамотности, планирования личных финансов и рискованного поведения при принятии финансовых решений работающими женщинами. Авторы также изучили различные экзогенные переменные финансовой грамотности, включая финансовое отношение (FA), финансовое поведение (FB) и финансовые знания (FK). Использован количественный подход для прогнозирования взаимосвязей между идентифицированными переменными. Исследование основано на первичных данных, собранных с помощью структурированной анкеты, составленной по 5-балльной шкале Лайкерта, и проанализировано с помощью метода частичного наименьшего квадрата – моделирования структурных уравнений (PLS-SEM). Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о положительной и значительной связи финансовой грамотности и планирования личных финансов с принятием финансовых решений работающими женщинами. С другой стороны, рискованное поведение отрицательно влияет на принятие финансовых решений. Показано, что все три экзогенные переменные – финансовое отношение, финансовое поведение и финансовые знания – имеют сильную связь с финансовой грамотностью. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны женщинам, инвестирующим в различные финансовые инструменты, для принятия лучших решений и финансовым менеджерам учреждений, поскольку женщины являются потенциальными инвесторами в такой развивающейся стране, как Индия

Evaluation of ethanol vortex ELISA for detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and deer

Background: The use of serological assays for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (TB) has been intensively studied and use of specific antigens have aided in improving the diagnostic accuracy of the assays. In the present study, we report an in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed by using ethanol extract of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The assay, named (ethanol vortex ELISA [EVELISA]), was evaluated for detection of anti- M. bovis antibodies in the sera of cattle and white-tailed deer. Methods: By using the EVELISA, we tested sera obtained from two species of animals; cattle (n = 62 [uninfected, n = 40; naturally infected, n = 22]) and white-tailed deer (n = 41 [uninfected, n = 25; naturally infected, n = 7; experimentally infected, n = 9]). To detect species specific molecules, components in the ethanol extract were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and western blotting. Results: Among the tested animals, 77.2% of infected cattle and 87.5% of infected deer tested positive for anti- M. bovis antibody. There were only minor false positive reactions (7.5% in cattle and 0% in deer) in uninfected animals. M. bovis -specific lipids and protein (MPB83) in the ethanol extract were detected by thin layer chromatography and western blotting, respectively. Conclusion: The results warrant further evaluation and validation of EVELISA for bovine TB diagnosis of traditional and alternative livestock as well as for free-ranging animal species

IPOs and SEOs, real investments, and market timing: Emerging market evidence

This study uses market-to-book ratio decomposition to examine whether firms that issue equity through initial public offerings or seasoned equity offerings exploit mispricing because of investor enthusiasm or to finance growth opportunities. We find strong evidence that, on average, firms do not issue mispriced stocks to exploit investors but, rather, to finance their investment opportunities in the form of real assets, inventory, and capital expenses. Firms that issue overvalued stocks with the view to increase their cash holdings experience poor long-run performance. Overall, our results show that stock mispricing drives equity offerings through IPOs and SEOs. Nonetheless, high transparency and balanced regulation in the marketplace deter issuing firms from investing their proceeds in non-value-creating activities. This evidence is robust to alternative measures of valuation and long-run performance