Avances en la normativa del derecho a la educación en cárceles de la Argentina

Se reconoce que en las últimas décadas ha habido un cierto progreso en el establecimiento de garantías para el respeto de los derechos humanos en general y, en particular, el derecho a la educación pública para jóvenes y adultos en situación de encarcelamiento. Por otra parte, también se reconoce que hay dificultades todavía muchos a su pleno ejercicio. Con el objetivo de discutir más a fondo el tema, el artículo reflexionará sobre el derecho a la educación en las cárceles y de los avances históricos de la aplicación del derecho penal en la Argentina

URBAN MARGINALITY IN THE COMING MILLENNIUM

RESUMEN Este artículo bosqueja la caracterización del régimen de marginalidad urbana que ha emergido en las sociedades avanzadas, desde el cierre de la era fordista, resaltando cuatro razones que se combinan para producirlo: una tendencia macrosocial hacia la desigual, la mutación del salario de mano de obra (trayendo como consecuencia tanto la desproletarización como la economía informal), recortes de los programas de ayuda estatales, la concentración espacial y la estigmatización de la pobreza. El aumento de esta nueva marginalidad no es indicio de una convergencia transatlántica del modelo americano: las vecindades europeas de relegación están profundamente penetrados por su condición y las tensiones etnorraciales que en ellos son explosivas, no por el creciente abismo entre los inmigrantes y los nativos, sino por la creciente proximidad social en el espacio físico. Para hacer frente a las formas emergentes de marginalidad urbana, las sociedades encaran esto con una alternativa de tres vértices: ellos pueden adecuar los programas existentes de ayuda estatales, criminalizar la pobreza vía la contención punitiva del pobre, o instituir nuevos derechos sociales que rompan con la subsistencia de esta práctica en el mercado laboral.   ABSTRACT This article sketches a characterization of the regime of urban marginality that has emerged in advanced societies since the close of the Fordist era, highlighting four logics that combine to produce it: a macrosocietal drift towards inequality, the mutation of wage labor (entailing both deproletarianization and casualization), the retrenchment of welfare states, and the spatial concentration and stigmatization of poverty. The rise of this new marginality does not signal a transatlantic convergence on the American pattern: European neighborhoods of relegation are deeply penetrated by the state and ethnoracial tensions in them are fueled, not by the growing gap between inmigrants and natives, but by their increasing propinquity in social and physical space. To cope with emergent forms of urban marginality, societies face a three- pronged alternative: they can patch up existing programs of the welfare state, criminalize poverty via the punitive containment of the poor, or institute new social rights that sever subsistence from performance in the labor market

The manifesto and the middle class

This paper examines Marx\u27s claim in the Manifesto that capitalist society would polarize into two classes in light of the current evidence on growing inequality in American society. It argues that the middle class of industrial society is not an anomaly but a product of the incomplete development of capitalism and this middle class is presently being threatened with extinction through technological innovations in the forces of production. © 2001, Sage Publications. All rights reserved

Dignity Strategies in a Neoliberal Workfare Kitchen Training Program

Welfare‐to‐work training (workfare) programs are designed to technically and affectively prepare marginalized people for jobs that are often routinized and dirty. They are expected to accept personal responsibility for their situation and demonstrate submission to bosses as means of “working off” their “debt” to society. Ethnographic observation at workfare training sites has tended to emphasize the indignities that trainees suffer, with less attention to how workers maintain dignity in the face of these experiences. Using ethnographic observation and interviews in a Chicago workfare kitchen training program, we show that neoliberal kitchen training work encompasses paradoxical expectations for trainee‐workers; they must demonstrate high levels of discretion and creativity required in professional kitchen work and demonstrate submission to charismatic authority as a means of getting kitchen work done and of affective compliance with the goals of the program. To combat the direct efforts of others to produce indignities, trainees developed two dignity strategies that are highly dependent on the structure of kitchen work: operating in a slipstream, and banking confidence that allows them to take liberties normally allowed for chef‐trainers. These findings contribute to sociological understandings of workplace dignity, a privilege that has been especially elusive for the poor under welfare‐to‐work programs