“What matters to someone who matters to me”: using media campaigns with young people to prevent interpersonal violence and abuse

Background: While media campaigns are increasingly advocated as a strategy for preventing interpersonal violence and abuse, there is little evidence available regarding their effectiveness. Setting and design: Consultation with experts and young people was used as part of a UK scoping review to capture current thinking and practice on the use of media campaigns to address interpersonal violence and abuse among young people. Three focus groups and 16 interviews were undertaken with UK and international experts, and three focus groups were held with young people. Main results: Participants argued that, although campaigns initially needed to target whole populations of young people, subsequently, messages should be “granulated” for subgroups including young people already exposed to interpersonal violence and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender young people. It was suggested that boys, as the most likely perpetrators of interpersonal violence and abuse, should be the primary target for campaigns. Young people and experts emphasized that drama and narrative could be used to evoke an emotional response that assisted learning. Authenticity emerged as important for young people and could be achieved by delivering messages through familiar characters and relevant stories. Involving young people themselves in creating and delivering campaigns strengthened authenticity. Conclusions: Practice is developing rapidly, and robust research is required to identify the key conditions for effective campaigns in this field. The emotional impact of campaigns in this field appears to be as important as the transmission of learning

Commentary: Actions to end violence against women : a multi-sector approach

Many forms of violence affect women and girls, such as physical and sexual abuse, trafficking, female genital mutilation, early and forced marriage, murders in the name of honour or dowry, and sexual harassment and abuse by authority figures. Prevention is imperative, and promising programmes exist that need to be tested and scaled up. The UN’s post-2015 global agenda, currently under discussion, must include a target to eliminate violence against women and girls, which supports the actions outlined in this article

Gender equality and violence against women: what’s the connection?

A lack of gender equality is consistently cited as an underlying determinant of violence against women. The United Nations General Assembly, in its 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, noted that this violence is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women. Gender inequality as a cause of violence against women also underpins approaches to prevention by organisations such as the World Health Organization, and, in Australia, VicHealth, as well as much of the research on the topic. So it has long been understood that gender inequality is a problem, yet the evidence of the link between gender inequality and violence against women is rarely laid out clearly to illustrate this connection. With whole frameworks based on the premise that prevention of violence against women requires improved gender equality, it is important to summarise and examine the evidence on this correlation. Achieving gender equality is a key goal in the prevention of violence against women by those aiming to reduce gendered violence (WHO, 2005, 2010; VicHealth, 2007). However, without an existing model of gender equality to demonstrate the end product, and a lack of research and data around whether some aspects of gender equality are more important than others in preventing violence, it is difficult to pin down the impact that gender inequality actually has as a determinant of violence against women, despite the obvious logic in the connection. It appears that the vital element to consider is the gender norms and beliefs surrounding male dominance and male superiority, created by power hierarchies that accord men greater status. However, acknowledging social norms as a key factor means that issues of measurement and definition become more complex. How then do we determine exactly when we have reached or come closer to a position of gender equality? How do we incorporate or measure other sources of disadvantatge that compound inequality? A key focus of this paper will be to trace the path of research on violence against women to the conclusion that gender inequality is an underlying determinant in the factors that cause it. This research summary will look at the relationship between gender inequality and gendered violence and the evidence that is out there to support this connection. In summarising the literature about gender equality, this paper will consider what is actually meant by gender equality, how it is defined and how it is measured. What does become clearer in summarising the research on gender equality and violence against women is the importance of using an ecological model of prevention that enables influencing factors at various levels - societal, community and individual - to give greater contextual meaning to how gender inequality plays out in reality. This paper focuses on the societal factors that link to violence against women, rather than community and individual factors that are more easily identified within particular settings. The acknowledgement of gender inequality as an underlying determinant of violence against women has seen the implementation of gender equality become a strategic policy goal in many countries and international organisations such as the World Health Organization. This is sometimes termed "gender mainstreaming" - a process of updating key concepts to enable an understanding of the world through a gendered lens (Walby, 2005). Though the benefits of this approach are quite obvious in acknowledging the effects of gender disadvantage, there has also been some criticism that it fails to acknowledge other sources of and intersections of disadvantage such as class and race, which may compound gender disadvantage

Preventing and reducing violence against women: innovation in community-level studies

Intimate partner violence is a serious global problem that damages the health and prosperity of individuals, their families, community, and society. WHO endorses an ‘ecological model,’ which states that there are multi-level intersecting factors enabling perpetration and victimization of violence. Intervention science to prevent or reduce the problem is in its infancy, and the few existing intervention studies have been targeted at the individual level. In a recent study published in BMC Medicine, Abramsky et al. bring innovation to the field, targeting their intervention trial “SASA!” in Kampala Uganda at all ecological levels, but particularly at the community level. Recruiting and training both male and female community leaders and activists who enabled group and media discussions, the authors focused on the beneficial and abusive detrimental uses of power rather than commencing with the central issue of gender inequality. SASA! successfully reduced community attitudes to tolerance of violence and inequality, men’s sexual risk behaviors, and women’s experience of physical violence. The study also improved the communities’ response to victimized women. SASA! has promise for adaptation and replication in low, middle and high income countries. Please see related article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/122

Campaigns Against Intimate Partner Violence Toward Women in Portugal: Types of Prevention and Target Audiences

Understanding the objectives and groups targeted by previous campaigns to prevent intimate partner violence will prove useful in developing future such efforts. This study examines the types of prevention and audiences of Portuguese poster campaigns against Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) toward women, comparing governmental and nongovernmental organizations and observing how objectives evolved between 2000 and 2011. These comparisons were made through inductive and deductive content analysis of 74 posters – received after contacting 1,097 institutions – using standardized residual analysis from the chi-square test. Results indicated tertiary prevention as the main aim and the general population as the main target audience. Differences in these regards were found between public and private organizations, and campaigns were found to have changed over the years, mainly concerning target audiences. This study provides an overview of the directions of the campaigns against IPV over 11 years; these emphasized the urgency of informing abused or at-risk women about resources available in the community and strategies for getting help, and they sought to alert the general population that IPV is a public crime that everyone has a responsibility to combat.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

“Once you Arrive, se te sala todo” (Everything is Salted): Latina Migrants’ Search for “Dignity and a Right to Life” in Canada

This study explores how Latina women fleeing gender-related violence seek protection for themselves and their children under Canada\u27s humanitarian laws. Rising emphasis on border control contributes to a growing number of forced migrants whose transnational movement is constructed as “illegal.” Migrants who fall outside legal migration channels are exposed to precarious conditions that can lead to further violence. Through interpretive analysis of in-depth interviews with women from Mexico and Central America, we explore how immigration policies produce gendered forms of “illegality.” We also highlight how women\u27s migration in search for rights and protection represents a form of substantive citizenship

Pengembangan Sistem Registrasi Kematian & Penyebab Kematian Di Indonesia: Evaluasi Sistem Registrasi Kematian Dilokasi Sentinel (Kabupaten Gorontalo & Kota Metro), 2007-2008

The aim of this article is to evaluate problem related to the development of the mortality system in sentinel mortality sites (Metro city and Gorontalo District 2007-2008). Since 2006, NIHRD has established sentinel site for special surveillance of mortality in some cities and districts in some provinces.The death data sources orisinaled from the trained personnel performing detail interviews (verbal autopsy-VA) with a responsible member of the household, respectively in order to ascertain the couse of illness and treatment of the diseases. The filled-in VA questionnaires were then scrutinized by a team of trained personnel for assigning the cause of death (COD) which was coded as per International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The deaths taking place in the hospital were certified by medical officers for cause of death and coded accordingly. In order to evaluate the completeness of vital registration, the mortality registration system data was been assessed through a dual record system. A sample of households was interviewed whether a hease hold member has died in the previous two years. These death data were then directly matched with death data derived from medical certificate cause of death from mortality registration system to analyze the mortality registration completeness. The level of Completeness rate in Metro City (33%) and Gorontalo District 2007-2008 (68,5%) are still low. The other issues is about sustainability of the system. In some districts and cities the system are not running properly, while in other districts and cities the system is not running at all since the project closed. It happens because operational budget is not allocated to maintain the system. Therefore there is a need of the local government to create the local government decree to assure allocated budget availability. Furthermore, in order the system to be continuous, permanent, compulsory and universal, and can cover whole Indonesia, it should be integrated in the Health Information System

Analisa Kesehatan Ibu Dan Neonatal Kabupaten Gianyar, 2010

Despite the tremendous overall improvement on maternal mortality and infant mortality still there is significant public health issue, commands and enormous amount of attention of these subjects in Indonesia. One of the main issues is how to provide high-quality services to the community in order toreduce maternal mortality and infant mortality including neonatal mortality. This article is to analyse problem related to issue on maternal and infant services in Gianyar District in 2010. The data sources are from the 2010 Health Profile of Gianyar, cause of death registration mechanism that have been implemented since 2010 in Gianyar and from the 1994, 1997, 2002-2003 and 2007 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. This study reveals that antenatal care and health provider birth attendance have been reaching the target, more than 90%. However, there are two high risk of maternal deaths; one is due to too young (age 19 years old) and the other one is due to too old (age 39 year old) of pregnancy. The direct causes of both are pre-eclampsia of the young mother and decompensasi cordis of the old mother. Finding also shows that the main cause of neonatal death is asphyxia and unfortunately the death mostly occured at the hospitals. It seems that health providers require knowledge and skills addressed primarily through training. Continued skills support through refresher training, magang and supervision can help strengthen skills in order to maintain competency and proficiency. Also the community need to be educated by introducing high risk factors related to the pregnancy and women right for avoiding unwanted pregnancy

Prevalence and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among an ethnic minority population

The present study examined the prevalence of lifetime experiences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) among members of the Turkish ethnic minority population in Flanders. In addition, this study explored how lifetime IPV victimization affects ethnic minority victims’ current mental, relational, and sexual well-being. Using a population-based representative sample, data from 392 adult Turkish women and men were investigated. Lifetime experiences of physical violence were reported by 14.3% of the Turkish respondents, while 66.0% reported at least one incidence of psychological abuse. Women were much more likely than men to report physical IPV victimization, but no gender differences were found for psychological IPV. With regard to the impact of IPV, it was found that lifetime IPV experiences do not appear to affect victims’ current mental health. However, higher levels of physical and/or psychological IPV victimization were related to increased levels of relationship dissatisfaction, anxious and avoidant attachment orientations, sexual dissatisfaction, sexual dysfunction (with distress), and to decreased levels of sexual communication. These adverse relational and sexual outcomes of IPV victimization were mainly present among women but were also, to a lesser degree, relevant for me