198 research outputs found
Evidence for a persistent, major excess in all cause admissions to hospital in children with type-1 diabetes: results from a large Welsh national matched community cohort study
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the excess in admissions associated with type1 diabetes in childhood. DESIGN: Matched-cohort study using anonymously linked hospital admission data. SETTING: Brecon Group Register of new cases of childhood diabetes in Wales linked to hospital admissions data within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. POPULATION: 1577 Welsh children (aged between 0 and 15â
years) from the Brecon Group Register with newly-diagnosed type-1 diabetes between 1999â2009 and 7800 population controls matched on age, sex, county, and deprivation, randomly selected from the local population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difference in all-cause hospital admission rates, 30-days post-diagnosis until 31 May 2012, between participants and controls. RESULTS: Children with type-1 diabetes were followed up for a total of 12â
102 person years and were at 480% (incidence rate ratios, IRR 5.789, (95% CI 5.34 to 6.723), p<0.0001) increased risk of hospital admission in comparison to matched controls. The highest absolute excess of admission was in the age group of 0â5â
years, with a 15.4% (IRR 0.846, (95% CI 0.744 to 0.965), p=0.0061) reduction in hospital admissions for every 5-year increase in age at diagnosis. A trend of increasing admission rates in lower socioeconomic status groups was also observed, but there was no evidence of a differential rate of admissions between men and women when adjusted for background risk. Those receiving outpatient care at large centres had a 16.1% (IRR 0.839, (95% CI 0.709 to 0.990), p=0.0189) reduction in hospital admissions compared with those treated at small centres. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large excess of hospital admissions in paediatric patients with type-1 diabetes. Rates are highest in the youngest children with low socioeconomic status. Factors influencing higher admission rates in smaller centres (eg, âout of hours resourcesâ) need to be explored with the aim of targeting modifiable influences on admission rates
Quadrupole shape invariants in the interacting boson model
In terms of the Interacting Boson Model, shape invariants for the ground
state, formed by quadrupole moments up to sixth order, are studied in the
dynamical symmetry limits and, for the first time, over the whole structural
range of the IBM-1. The results are related to the effective deformation
parameters and their fluctuations in the geometrical model. New signatures that
can distinguish vibrator and gamma-soft rotor structures, and one that is
related to shape coexistence, are identified.Comment: 10 pages, ReVTeX, epsf, 2 Postscript figures include
Energy Level Statistics of the U(5) and O(6) Symmetries in the Interacting Boson Model
We study the energy level statistics of the states in U(5) and O(6) dynamical
symmetries of the interacting boson model and the high spin states with
backbending in U(5) symmetry. In the calculations, the degeneracy resulting
from the additional quantum number is eliminated manually. The calculated
results indicate that the finite boson number effect is prominent. When
has a value close to a realistic one, increasing the interaction strength of
subgroup O(5) makes the statistics vary from Poisson-type to GOE-type and
further recover to Poisson-type. However, in the case of , they
all tend to be Poisson-type. The fluctuation property of the energy levels with
backbending in high spin states in U(5) symmetry involves a signal of shape
phase transition between spherical vibration and axial rotation.Comment: 38 pages, 13 figure
Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory
Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for
anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The
exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly
larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support
previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an
upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic
Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from
Sagittarius . Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and
fluorescence detectors (the `hybrid' data set), which have better pointing
accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not
show any significant localized excess from this direction.Comment: Matches published versio
PROTETOR SOLAR DIMINUI A INCIDĂNCIA DAS PODRIDĂES âOLHO-D-BOIâ E âBRANCAâ EM MAĂĂS âFUJI STANDARDâ E âPINK LADYâ
Hormone Therapy and the Risk of Breast Cancer in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers
Background: Hormone therapy (HT) is commonly given to women to alleviate the climacteric symptoms associated with menopause. There is concern that this treatment may increase the risk of breast cancer. The potential association of HT and breast cancer risk is of particular interest to women who carry a mutation in BRCA1 because they face a high lifetime risk of breast cancer and because many of these women take HT after undergoing prophylactic surgical oophorectomy at a young age. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study of 472 postmenopausal women with a BRCA1 mutation to examine whether or not the use of HT is associated with subsequent risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer case patients and control subjects were matched with respect to age, age at menopause, and type of menopause (surgical or natural). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results: In this group of BRCA1 mutation carriers, the adjusted OR for breast cancer associated with ever use of HT compared with never use was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.35 to 0.96; P =. 03). In analyses by type of HT, an inverse association with breast cancer risk was observed with use of estrogen only (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.98; P =. 04); the association with use of estrogen plus progesterone was not statistically significant (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.34 to 1.27; P =. 21). Conclusion: Among postmenopausal women with a BRCA1 mutation, HT use was not associated with increased risk of breast cancer; indeed, in this population, it was associated with a decreased risk
Estimativas de herdabilidade e correlaçÔes quanto Ă produção de grĂŁos e outras caracterĂsticas agronĂŽmicas em populaçÔes de trigo
Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by Fermi and Swift during the LIGO-Virgo Run O3b
We search for gravitational-wave signals associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the second half of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 November 1 15:00 UTC-2020 March 27 17:00 UTC). We conduct two independent searches: A generic gravitational-wave transients search to analyze 86 GRBs and an analysis to target binary mergers with at least one neutron star as short GRB progenitors for 17 events. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with any of these GRBs. A weighted binomial test of the combined results finds no evidence for subthreshold gravitational-wave signals associated with this GRB ensemble either. We use several source types and signal morphologies during the searches, resulting in lower bounds on the estimated distance to each GRB. Finally, we constrain the population of low-luminosity short GRBs using results from the first to the third observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. The resulting population is in accordance with the local binary neutron star merger rate. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society
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