Some Confusing Matters Relating to Arbitration in Washington

A review of the case law and statutes of the state of Washington relating to arbitration points up several issues which are of importance to those who may become concerned with arbitrations in the state of either commercial or labor controversies. Some of these issues result from the views which were advanced by the supreme court relating to the arbitration statute of 1881. These issues are still open, although that statute was repealed by the present act, which was originally enacted in 1943. Other uncertainties inhere in the views which have been advanced by the court since the enactment of the present arbitration statute, and still others relate to the intent of the statute after the 1947 amendment of the first section. These matters of uncertainty are bound to plague any lawyer who is called upon to advise any client whether or not to enter upon any arbitration agreement or upon any arbitration. And in the case of employees (or their union) and employers who would agree upon grievance machinery and arbitration provisions in their collective agreements, there is question whether or not their agreement or any arbitrations or awards thereunder will be honored by the courts. These questions may be summarized as follows: 1. Does the present arbitration statute operate to exclude common law arbitration, or may the parties elect to arbitrate under the statute or at common law? 2. May employers and their employees (or their unions) qualify their agreements for grievance procedures and arbitration under the present statute? What are the consequences of their arbitration agreements and any arbitrations and awards thereunder

Low-frequency temperature fluctuations between Ocean Station Echo and Bermuda

Hydrographic data at Ocean Station Echo (35N, 48W) form an almost continuous 6-year series ending in 1973. The temperature fluctu ations at periods longer than about 8 months appear to be largely from the first vertical mode, and at periods of about 7 to 4 months from the second. These fluctuations are found to be coherent with those seen in the Panulirus data, at Bermuda, if the travel time for group velocity is included...

The effect of desiccation on the emission of volatile bromocarbons from two common temperate macroalgae

Exposure of intertidal macroalgae during low tide has been linked to the emission of a variety of atmospherically-important trace gases into the coastal atmosphere. In recent years, several studies have investigated the role of inorganic iodine and organoiodides as antioxidants and their emission during exposure to combat oxidative stress, yet the role of organic bromine species during desiccation is less well understood. In this study the emission of dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and bromoform (CHBr3) during exposure and desiccation of two common temperate macroalgae, Fucus vesiculosus and Ulva intestinalis, is reported. Determination of the impact exposure may have on algal physiological processes is difficult as intertidal species are adapted to desiccation and may undergo varying degrees of desiccation before their physiology is affected. For this reason we include comparisons between photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fm) and halocarbon emissions during a desiccation time series. In addition, the role of rewetting with freshwater to simulate exposure to rain was also investigated. Our results show that an immediate flux of bromocarbons occurs upon exposure, followed by a decline in bromocarbon emissions. We suggest that this immediate bromocarbon pulse may be linked to volatilisation or emissions of existing bromocarbon stores from the algal surface rather than the production of bromocarbons as an antioxidant response

On the variability of the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico

It is of considerable interest to know to what extent offshore currents may drive flows on the continental shelf. We have used the northernmost position of the Loop Current, from hydrographic data, to piece together a time series 13 years long. This record samples the lowest frequencies well but undersamples the amplitude of variations with periods of ∼8 months by a factor of 2. The annual variation of the Loop Current appears to be a relatively broad spectral peak rather than a sharp spectral line. We find as much power at periods near 30 months as at periods near a year; this is a new result. Both bands seem to be, at least in part, wind forced. There are also fluctuations having periods near 8 months, and this may be a beat frequency. As the 3D-month and annual signals drift in and out of phase over ∼5 years, the envelope of the 8-month signal varies from zero to a maximum of ∼2.5 degrees of latitude, peak-to-peak, which is the same as the range of the 3D-month signal.Our primary finding is that the north-south fluctuations in Loop Current position are correlated with sea level at the coast and presumably with coastal currents. The results are essentially the same using tidal data at either St. Petersburg or Key West. The phase delay is such that the inferred southerly flowing currents on the shelf reach a maximum before Loop Current position reaches its maximum northern position, by 1 to 3 months. If the Loop Current is inherently unstable, as the numerical model of Hurlburt and Thompson (1980) suggests, the wind forcing may merely set the frequency of the variability. Observations at the outer edge of the West Florida Shelf have shown flow to the south of 10 to 20 cm/sec, persistent over many months, which is consistent with this model

Welding, brazing, and soldering handbook

Handbook gives information on the selection and application of welding, brazing, and soldering techniques for joining various metals. Summary descriptions of processes, criteria for process selection, and advantages of different methods are given

Tracer Measurements in Growing Sea Ice Support Convective Gravity Drainage Parameterizations

Gravity drainage is the dominant process redistributing solutes in growing sea ice. Modeling gravity drainage is therefore necessary to predict physical and biogeochemical variables in sea ice. We evaluate seven gravity drainage parameterizations, spanning the range of approaches in the literature, using tracer measurements in a sea ice growth experiment. Artificial sea ice is grown to around 17 cm thickness in a new experimental facility, the Roland von Glasow air‐sea‐ice chamber. We use NaCl (present in the water initially) and rhodamine (injected into the water after 10 cm of sea ice growth) as independent tracers of brine dynamics. We measure vertical profiles of bulk salinity in situ, as well as bulk salinity and rhodamine in discrete samples taken at the end of the experiment. Convective parameterizations that diagnose gravity drainage using Rayleigh numbers outperform a simpler convective parameterization and diffusive parameterizations when compared to observations. This study is the first to numerically model solutes decoupled from salinity using convective gravity drainage parameterizations. Our results show that (1) convective, Rayleigh number‐based parameterizations are our most accurate and precise tool for predicting sea ice bulk salinity; and (2) these parameterizations can be generalized to brine dynamics parameterizations, and hence can predict the dynamics of any solute in growing sea ic

Scholarship of Teaching & Learning: Who, what, when, where, why, and how?

Published in Proceedings of the 39th Georgia Educational Research Association Conferenc