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Exploring the Political-Economic Factors of Participatory Journalism: Views of Online Journalists in 10 Countries
This comparative study of user-generated content (UGC) in 10 Western democracies examines the political economic aspects of citizen participation in online media, as assessed by journalists who work with this content. Drawing on interviews with more than 60 journalists, we explore their perceived economic motivations for an ongoing redefinition of traditional journalistic roles, as UGC becomes an increasingly dominant feature of news websites
Integrated spectrum of the planetary nebula NGC 7027
We present deep optical spectra of the archetypal young planetary nebula (PN)
NGC 7027, covering a wavelength range from 3310 to 9160 A. The observations
were carried out by uniformly scanning a long slit across the entire nebular
surface, thus yielding average optical spectra for the whole nebula. A total of
937 emission features are detected. The extensive line list presented here
should prove valuable for future spectroscopic analyses of emission line
nebulae. The optical data, together with the archival IUE and ISO spectra, are
used to probe the temperature and density structures and to determine the
elemental abundances from lines produced by different excitation mechanisms.
The C++/H+, N++/H+, O++/H+ and Ne++/H+ ionic abundance ratios derived from
optical recombination lines (ORLs) are found to be only slightly higher than
those derived from collisionally excited lines (CELs). We conclude that
whatever mechanism is causing the BJ/CEL temperature discrepanies and the
ORL/CEL abundance discrepancies that have been observed in many PNe, it has an
insignificant effect on this bright young compact PN. The properties of the
central star are also discussed. Based on the integrated spectrum and using the
energy-balance method, we have derived an effective temperature of 219 000 K
for the ionizing star. Finally, we report the first detection in the spectrum
of this bright young PN of Raman-scattered O VI features at 6830 and 7088 A,
pointing to the existence of abundant neutral hydrogen around the ionized
regions. (abridged)Comment: 55 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Loss of consciousness as criterion of +Gz tolerance at Institute of Aviation Medicine MMA during +Gz acceleration selective test
+Gz induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) is one of the most serious threats to aircrews flying high
performance fighter aircraft. From the early beginning of use of our Centrifuge, use in selection was
primary task. As a functional “endpoints” we use criteria: loss of peripheral vision, extreme pulse rate
(above 180
b.p.m.), arrhythmias and loss of consciousness. The key
-method in selection the candidate who tolerates +Gz stress on the best way is selec
tion
by common selective centrifuge “Test of linear increasing of acceleration” (TOLIA). We used gradual
onset rate (GOR
– 0.1
G/s) and maximum/peak value: +5.5
Gz, +6.0
Gz and 7.0
Gz. Applied peak value
depends on the goal of the test. The lowest peak val
ue is for candidates planned for Air Academy,
higher peak value is for those pilots planned for training to supersonic combat aircrafts and the highest
peak value is for pilots who are planned to fly High performance combat aircrafts. We examined 2192
cand
idates in the last 20 years. Eleven subjects experienced G
-LOC episodes. All episodes of G
-LOC
had occurred occasionally and without warning symptoms (loss of peripheral vision, gray out,
blackout). The percentage of subjects having G
-LOC episodes was 0.50
%. Nine subjects experienced
G-
LOC during primary selection (+5.5
Gz), one G
-LOC were observed at secondary selection
(+6.0
Gz) and one G
-LOC was observed during tertiary selection (+7
Gz). G
-LOC is the only
“endpoint” in the centrifuge selection which dis
qualifies the candidate at once and forever for planned
flying duties. The other “endpoints” (loss of peripheral vision, heart rate above 180
b.p.m., arrhythmias)
allow one more testing, not less than seven days later
Citizen participation in online news media: an overview of current developments in four European countries and the United States
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Approaches to participatory journalism: how to make sense of the consequences of a new object of study
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
User participation in digital news: Cross-cultural studies of approaches by leading national news media
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
The Active Recipient: Participatory Journalisme Throught the Lens of the Dewey-Lippmann Debate
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Exploring the political-economic factors of participatory journalism: a first look into self-reports by online journalists and editors in ten countries
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe