Study of structure-property relationship of diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na studium nových perspektivních organických molekulárních materiálů. Součástí práce je teoretická část, která je zaměřena na možnosti využití organických materiálů v optických a elektronických prvcích s ohledem na deriváty diketopyrolopyrolu. Cílem experimentální práce byla příprava roztoků, tenkých vrstev a prototypů tenkovrstvých elektronických prvků z vybraných derivátů diketopyrolopyrolu a jejich optická a elektrická charakterizace. Získané výsledky jsou vyhodnoceny z hlediska potenciální aplikace v organické elektronice.This master´s thesis deals with new perspective organic molecular materials. A theoretical part contains search themed on organic materials for optical and electronic devices with emphasis on diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives. The aim of the experimental part was preparation of solutions, thin layers and prototypical planar electronic components from chosen diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives and their optical and electric characterization. Obtained results are interpreted with perspective on application in organic electronic.

Organic materials for photovoltaic conversion of solar energy

Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na studium nových perspektivních organických molekulárních materiálů pro fotovoltaickou přeměnu energie. Součástí práce je teoretická část, která obsahuje stručný úvod do fotovoltaiky a rešerši na téma organické fotovoltaiky. Cílem experimentální části byla příprava tenkých vrstev derivátů diketopyrrolopyrrolu a hemiisoxindiga a studium optických vlastností roztoků i připravených tenkých vrstev těchto materiálů.This bachelor´s thesis deals with new perspective organic molecular materials for use in photovoltaic energy conversion. A theoretical part of this project contains brief introduction to photovoltaics and search themed on organic photovoltaics. The aim of the experimental part was preparation of thin layers of diketopyrrolopyrrole and hemiisoxindigo derivatives and study of optical properties of solutions and thin layers prepared from these materials.

Technické konopí (Cannabis sativa L.) jako možný zdroj kanabidiolu

(-)-Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabinoid, which has unique pharmacological and biological activities.The aim of this study was to determine the CBD, cannabidiolic (CBDA), and canabigerolic acids (CBGA) content in parts of industrial hemp that are possible waste material in the production of hemp fiber, and could be used for CBD extraction. Two hemp varieties were sampled at the full-flowering stage, and at the ripening stage. The lyophilised material (leaves, roots, stems, and inflorescences/seeds) was extracted with ethylacetate and analyzed by HPLC. Hemp inflorescences and leaves are the most important source of CBD. CBDA and CBGA are the dominant compounds in these plant parts. They are the precursors of CBD. The CBD level is dependent on the variety and the environmental conditions. Dry cool weather with lower solar intensity increased the CBD level in \u27Bialobrzeskie\u27 - a monoecious variety potentially suitable as a material for CBD extraction with heat decarboxylation due to the high CBDA, CBGA, and CBD levels in the leaves and inflorescences.-) - Kanabidiol (CBD) je kanabinoid, který má jedinečné farmakologické a biologické účinky. Cílem této práce bylo zjistit obsah CBD, kyseliny kanabidiolové (CBDA) a kanabigerolové (CBGA) v jednotlivých částech technického konopí, které jsou možným odpadovým materiálem při výrobě konopných vláken a mohly by být použity k extrakci CBD. Vzorky ze dvou odrůd konopí byly odebrány ve fázi plného květu a ve fázi zrání. Lyofilizovaný materiál (listy, kořeny, stonky a květenství / semena) byl extrahován ethylacetátem a analyzován pomocí HPLC. Konopná květenství a listy jsou nejdůležitějším zdrojem CBD. CBDA a CBGA jsou dominantní sloučeniny v těchto rostlinných částech. Tyto látky jsou prekurzory CBD. Obsah CBD závisí na odrůdě a podmínkách prostředí. Suché chladné počasí s nižší intenzitou slunečního záření zvýšilo hladinu CBD v rostlinách. „Bialobrzeskie“ – jednodomá odrůda je potenciálně vhodná jako materiál pro extrakci CBD po tepelné dekarboxylaci z důvodu vysokého obsahu CBDA, CBGA i CBD v listech a květenstvích

The possibilities of increasing lignan content in food

Lignans are bioactive substances which belong to polyphenols. This compounds can be found in plants including coniferous trees. Lignans are secondary plant metabolites with wide range of biological effects, such as antimicrobial, antivirus or anticancer. They also serve as antioxidants and are naturally occurring compounds which are found in food rich in fibre. There are more than 200 lignans that originate from more than 70 plant families. They can be found in all parts of the plant, mainly in seeds. Almost 37% of total lignan intake in human diet comes from drinking tea and coffee. Fruit and vegetable contain only about 1% of lignans, but they are also significant source of lignans because they are consumed in higher amounts than seeds. 7-hydroxymatairesinol is the main representative of lignans. It is white powder with great health benefits and it is present in the knots of coniferous trees, especially in knots of spruce. Lignans were extracted from the knots and used for fortifying fruit and vegetable spreads. Subsequently, the fortified products became subject to sensory analysis, their antioxidant capacity was measured by the FRAP method, total polyphenols content was found and lignan content determined using the HPLC method. The aim was enriching commonly consumed foods by healthy lignans to avoid negative effects on the sensory quality of these products by the bitter taste of the lignan extract. Of the tested foods, plum jam and red pepper paste are the best options as they best block the bitter taste of lignans. There was a positive increase in antioxidant capacity in food products fortified by the lignan extract. For plum jam, strawberry jam, strawberry spread and red pepper paste, the more lignans were added to the products, the greater was the level of antioxidant capacity. The highest antioxidant capacity was reached in samples with the added amount of 340 mg of lignan per kg of product. As with the antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols content is dependent on the quantity of added lignans. Plum jam is the only exception, for which there was no statistically evident difference between the doses of 170 mg and 340 mg of lignans per kg. The values of lignans measured for samples with added 340 mg of lignans per kg range from 313 mg to 339 mg. For samples with addition of 170 mg of lignans per kg the measured values range from 129 to 164 mg per kg. Although lignans are beneficial for health, they are not acceptable to deteriorate taste of the product. The samples containing the highest dose of lignans, i.e. 340 mg of lignans per kg, were rated as the least acceptable by consumer. Evaluated as the most suitable in this regard was plum jam with a dose of 170 mg of lignans per kg of product where lignans were not found to possess a sensory effect on the acceptability of the product.

Sources and modes of action of invasive knotweed allelopathy : the effects of leaf litter and trained soil on the germination and growth of native plants

Invasive knotweeds, native to Eastern Asia, are among the most dominant plant invaders of European and North American temperate ecosystems. Recent studies indicate that one cause of this dominance might be allelopathy, but the possible sources and modes of action of this allelopathy are insufficiently understood. Here, we asked whether the invasive knotweed Fallopia × bohemica can exert allelopathic effects on native plants also through its leaf litter, or through persistent soil contaminants, and whether these affect the germination or growth of native plants. In a germination experiment with nine native species neither litter leachate, an aqueous extract of knotweed leaves added to the soil, nor trained soil with a history of Fallopia pre-cultivation suppressed the germination or early growth of natives. A mesocosm study with experimental native communities showed that the presence of F. × bohemica, although not a dominant in these communities, caused significant shifts of life-history strategy in two dominant natives, and that similar effects could be elicited through litter leachates or trained soil alone. However, there were hardly any effects on the biomass of natives. Our study indicates that knotweed allelopathy acts on the growth rather than germination of natives, and that soil contamination through persistent allelochemicals may not be a significant problem in habitat restoration. It also shows that allelopathic effects can sometimes be subtle changes in life-history and allocation patterns of the affected species

Transport of fluorobenzoate tracers in a vegetated hydrologic control volume: 1. Experimental results

This paper reports about the experimental evidence collected on the transport of five fluorobenzoate tracers injected under controlled conditions in a vegetated hydrologic volume, a large lysimeter (fitted with load cells, sampling ports, and an underground chamber) where two willows prompting large evapotranspiration fluxes had been grown. The relevance of the study lies in the direct and indirect measures of the ways in which hydrologic fluxes, in this case, evapotranspiration from the upper surface and discharge from the bottom drainage, sample water and solutes in storage at different times under variable hydrologic forcings. Methods involve the accurate control of hydrologic inputs and outputs and a large number of suitable chemical analyses of water samples in discharge waters. Mass extraction from biomass has also been performed ex post. The results of the 2 year long experiment established that our initial premises on the tracers' behavior, known to be sorption-free under saturated conditions which we verified in column leaching tests, were unsuitable as large differences in mass recovery appeared. Issues on reactivity thus arose and were addressed in the paper, in this case attributed to microbial degradation and solute plant uptake. Our results suggest previously unknown features of fluorobenzoate compounds as hydrologic tracers, potentially interesting for catchment studies owing to their suitability for distinguishable multiple injections, and an outlook on direct experimental closures of mass balance in hydrologic transport volumes involving fluxes that are likely to sample differently stored water and solutes

The salt income by the children in the age of 1 to 3

3rd Medical Department - Clinical Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismIII. interní klinika - klinika endokrinologie a metabolismu 1.LF a VFN v Praze1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin

The instruments of the tax administrator against the taxes evasions in income taxes

Diplomová práce zaměřená na nástroje správce daně proti daňovým únikům u daně z příjmů, se zaobírá aktuální problematikou daňových úniků v České republice. Jsou uvedeny kontrolní orgány dohlížející na finanční toky státního rozpočtu a podrobně jsou uvedeny nástroje správce daně v boji proti daňovým únikům v České republice, a to v souladu s platnou legislativouObhájenoThe diploma thesis is focused on the tools of the tax administrator in the preventation against taxes evasions of income tax, it deals with the current issue of taxes evasions in the Czech Republic. The supervisory state authorities supervising the financial flows of the state budget are listed and the tax administrator's tools in the preventation against taxes evasions in the Czech Republic are presented in detail in accordance with the valid legislatio

The analysis of the beef breed charolais with the regard to the animal welfare

The aim of this work was evaluate the productive indexes and appreciate the behaviour of beef cattle dams reared in the system of breeding cows without market milk production. The analysis of the beef herd was performed in the agricultural company farming in above sea level altitude 650 meters. Through the years 2001 - 2006 was evaluated reproduction indexes by dams of basic herd and calves growth ability. Ethological monitoring was important for appreciation welfare conditions of breeding. Monitoring went ahead in single yearly periods in luminous parts of the day. Tracked group formed 31 pieces of dams, calves and sire