Listening to the voice of people: first Iran National Health Assembly

Background: People's participation in health affairs has been given more importance, recently. Establishment of the first National Health Assembly (NHA) in Iran was to shape dialogue among stakeholders and advocacy for health among all non-health sectors; decentralizing health decision making process, involving community and societies in health policy and planning, identification, appreciation, and development of health policies and measures in all economic, social, and cultural institutions of the country. This report summarized the Iranian context, process, and procedures of the establishment of the first NHA in Iran.   Presentation of case: To ensure participation of all people around the country, provincial health assemblies, district health assemblies, and neighborhood health assemblies were formed throughout the country. The main theme selected for the 1st NHA was “Health for All, All for Health”.   Conclusion: The final statement mentioned that health is a citizens’ right and all people and organizations are responsible for it; therefore, cultural activities and legal support are needed for the institutionalization of social accountability for health

Qualitative and Quantitative Control of Wastewater Dual Wall Polyethylene Pipes

Pipes are the most important components of wastewater collection systems accounting for considerable costs in constructing such systems. In view of this and regarding the growing trend in design and execution of wastewater collection and transmission lines in recent years, various types of pipes have been introduced into the market. Selection of appropriate pipes and their qualitative and quantitative control, therefore, call for due consideration given their high cost share in collection systems. In this paper, efforts are made to consider various types of pipes used in (urban and rural) wastewater collection networks in an attempt to signal the significance of qualitative and quantitative control of different dual wall polyethylene pipes used as sewers. Finally, the relevant issues regarding the methods and conditions for technical control and inspection of polyethylene sewer lines during construction and operation stages are provided

Using polymer coated nanoparticles for adsorption of micropollutants from water

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized to adsorb six emerging contaminants (Tonalide, Bisphenol-A, Triclosan, Metolachlor, Ketoprofen and Estriol) from aqueous solutions. The PVP-coated NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Results indicated that PVP-coated NPs were successfully used as a separable adsorbent for removing the micropollutants from water. Adsorption results were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which showed a better fit of data to the Langmuir model. The adsorbent showed good adsorption performance in which Bisphenol-A and Ketoprofen were the most effectively removed micropollutants, with 98 and 95% removal using only 0.1 mg of the adsorbent within 15 min of contact time, respectively. Kinetic studies were performed using the pseudo-second-order model to compare the performance of PVP-coated NPs with granular activated carbon (GAC) revealing the superiority of PVP-coated NPs over GAC. Thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption of the micropollutants onto the adsorbate showed the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Adsorbate regeneration studies were performed with methanol, ethanol, and the UV/H2O2 process in five regeneration cycles. Methanol treatment ensured the highest level of regeneration

Efficiency of Active Sludge Process Treatment of Petrochemical Industries Wastewater by Using of Biofilm (Case Study: Imam Khomeiny Port Petrochemical Complex)

Growth of petrochemical industries is caused increase producing of wastewater recently. This wastewater contains of various combinations and is a serious threat for environment. Effective treatment could be discovered coincidentally mentioned worries. So effective methods for treatment one essential active sludge processing in proper method. For kind of wastewater treatment that combination of the method with it, could be helped to omit affection contaminative measurement. In this research from active sludge processing and biofilm growth are used to treat wastewater simultaneously in petrochemical complex, Imam Khomeini port. The main goal is investigation of rate of efficiency promotion of active sludge processing in treatment of petrochemical wastewater in low temperature by usage of polyorethan foam in media clarified bond. The result showed that efficiency of active sludge processing in reducing COD with rate of  %77 accompanied biofilm have increased. Also efficiency of active sludge has increased about %74.3 for omitting N- NH4 from Imam Khomeini petrochemical wastewater generally. The result of this research showed that combination of active sludge process and usage of polyorethan foam media is an efficient and sure for treatment of Iran’s petrochemical wastewater even in low temperature, of course, this method is suggested in all petrochemical complexes of Iran especially in cold regions

Insight Into Provider Payment Mechanisms In Healthcare Industry: A Case Of Iran

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