From Late Miocene to Holocene: Processes of Differentiation within the Telestes Genus (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)

Investigating processes and timing of differentiation of organisms is critical in the understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in microevolution, speciation, and macroevolution that generated the extant biodiversity. From this perspective, the Telestes genus is of special interest: the Telestes species have a wide distribution range across Europe (from the Danubian district to Mediterranean districts) and have not been prone to translocation. Molecular data (mtDNA: 1,232 bp including the entire Cyt b gene; nuclear genome: 11 microsatellites) were gathered from 34 populations of the Telestes genus, almost encompassing the entire geographic range. Using several phylogenetic and molecular dating methods interpreted in conjunction with paleoclimatic and geomorphologic evidence, we investigated the processes and timing of differentiation of the Telestes lineages. The observed genetic structure and diversity were largely congruent between mtDNA and microsatellites. The Messinian Salinity Crisis (Late Miocene) seems to have played a major role in the speciation processes of the genus. Focusing on T. souffia, a species occurring in the Danube and Rhone drainages, we were able to point out several specific events from the Pleistocene to the Holocene that have likely driven the differentiation and the historical demography of this taxon. This study provides support for an evolutionary history of dispersal and vicariance with unprecedented resolution for any freshwater fish in this region

Delayed breast cancer diagnosis after repeated recall at biennial screening mammography:an observational follow-up study from the Netherlands

BACKGROUND: Delay in detection of breast cancer may worsen tumour characteristics, with progression of tumour size and a higher risk of metastatic lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to investigate delayed breast cancer diagnosis after repeated recall for the same mammographic abnormality at screening. METHODS: This was a retrospective study performed in two cohorts of women enrolled in a mammography screening programme in the Netherlands. All women aged 50-75 who underwent biennial screening mammography either between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2006 (cohort 1) or between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2016 (cohort 2) were included. RESULTS: The cohorts showed no difference in proportions of women with delayed breast cancer diagnosis of at least 2 years (2.2% versus 2.8%, P = 0.29). Most delays were caused by incorrect BI-RADS classifications after recall (74.2%). An increase in mean tumour size was seen when comparing sizes at initial false-negative recall and at diagnosis of breast cancer (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of women with a long delay in breast cancer confirmation following repeated recall at screening mammography has not decreased during 20 years of screening. These delays lead to larger tumour size at detection and may negatively influence prognosis

Private state in public media : potential subjective elements in french-speaking (online) news

Digital media have come to constitute an inherent part of the nowadays mass media universe. In the context of the Web 2.0, legacy journalism has to face competing products which become more and more important in the public news reception. This thesis presents an investigation of the language use in legacy news and digital media, elucidating the pivotal question whether the expression of private state is similar (or not) in traditional and participatory media, and in different types of participatory media, i.e. citizen press and network journalism. Every news medium is linked to a given image or association, established by stereotypes of its journalists, the readership, and a particular news style. Therefore, it was assumed that private states are expressed differently in the three media, and that authorial presence and evaluative language use distinguish media from one another. Following a discourse analytic research angle by means of a corpus linguistic approach, including quantitative and qualitative sample analyses, the study investigated different types of potential subjective elements, i.e., linguistic means which can be used to express private states in a rather implicit, objective seeming way.(LALE - Langues et lettres) -- UCL, 201