181 research outputs found
Maladaptive Planning and the Pro-Innovation Bias: Considering the Case of Automated Vehicles
This article argues that a more critical approach to innovation policy within planning is needed and offers recommendations for achieving this. These recommendations entail rethinking the values, focus, speed, and legitimacy of innovations. It takes a critical perspective on how contemporary societies treat rapid innovation as having necessarily positive results in the achievement of objectives such as sustainability and justice. This critical perspective is needed because innovation can both contribute to and drive a form of maladaptive planning: a collective approach to reality that imposes constant and rapid changes to societal configurations due to an obsession with the new and with too little rapport with the problems in place or that it creates. A maladaptive direction for transport planning is used as a sectorial illustration of the broader conceptual ideas presented: for both sustainability and social justice reasons, it would be desirable to see peak car occurring. However, the car industry is presenting driving automation as an innovation with the potential to restore the vitality of the private vehicles market while creating effective means to dismiss alternatives to car dominance
Leitungs- und Kontrollstrukturen in gemeinnützigen Organisationen: Eine Untersuchung zu der Effektivität im Dritten Sektor und deren Verbesserung durch einen Kodex
Die Arbeit untersucht die zunehmend in die Kritik geratene Effektivität gemeinnütziger Organisationen und erarbeitet einen regulatorischen Lösungsvorschlag. Zunächst wird nachgewiesen, dass die Effektivität im gemeinnützigen Sektor tatsächlich verbesserungswürdig ist. Bei der Suche nach den Gründen wird klar, dass vor allem die Leitungs- und Kontrollstrukturen (corporate governance) von gemeinnützigen Organisationen mangelhaft sind. Die ökonomischen Kontrollmechanismen versagen, der Gesetzgeber hat auf die Veränderungen der letzten Jahrzehnte nur unzureichend reagiert. Unter Rückgriff auf unterschiedliche Disziplinen und die internationale Forschung werden über 50 Regeln erarbeitet, um die analysierte Gesetzeslücke zu schließen. Überdies werden Wirkung und Nutzen eines Kodex im Dritten Sektor untersucht. Das Ergebnis ist ein Lösungsvorschlag, den Satzungs-, Kodex- und Gesetzgeber gleichermaßen als Vorlage nutzen können, um die Effektivität im gemeinnützigen Sektor und damit letztlich das Gemeinwohl insgesamt zu steigern
Ordered phases in spin-Peierls systems
The microscopic description of spin-Peierls substances is discussed.
Particular attention is paid to the ordered (dimerised and incommensurably
modulated) phases. Important points are the adiabatic and the antiadiabatic
approach, generic soliton forms, elastic and magnetic interchain couplings. The
wealth and the accuracy of experimental information collected for the first
inorganic spin-Peierls substance CuGeO_3 motivates this work.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures included, submitted to Physica B in the
Proceedings to LT22, Helsinki, 199
THE LAST GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL TRANSITION IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA RECORDED BY STABLE ISOTOPE OF BENTHIC AND PLANCTONIC FORAMINIFERA
Treating substance abuse is not enough: Comorbidities in consecutively admitted female prisoners
Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Heavy--Ion Collisions -- I. General Aspects and Expansion into Vacuum
We present algorithms to solve relativistic hydrodynamics in 3+1--dimensional
situations without apparent symmetry to simplify the solution. In simulations
of heavy--ion collisions, these numerical schemes have to deal with the
physical vacuum and with equations of state with a first order phase transition
between hadron matter and a quark--gluon plasma. We investigate their
performance for the one--dimensional expansion of baryon-free nuclear matter
into the vacuum, which is an analytically solvable test problem that
incorporates both the aspect of the vacuum as well as that of a phase
transition in the equation of state. The dependence of the lifetime of the
mixed phase on the initial energy density is discussed.Comment: 31 pages, 16 uuencoded figure
Did female prisoners with mental disorders receive psychiatric treatment before imprisonment?
© 2015 Mundt et al.; licensee BioMed Central. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain
Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article,
unless otherwise stated.BackgroundThroughout the world, high prevalence rates of mental disorders have been found in prison populations, especially in females. It has been suggested that these populations do not access psychiatric treatment. The aim of this study was to establish rates of psychiatric in- and outpatient treatments prior to imprisonment in female prisoners and to explore reasons for discontinuation of such treatments.Methods150 consecutively admitted female prisoners were interviewed in Berlin, Germany. Socio-demographic characteristics, mental disorders, and previous psychiatric in- and outpatient treatments were assessed by trained researchers. Open questions were used to explore reasons for ending previous psychiatric treatment.ResultsA vast majority of 99 prisoners (66%; 95% CI: 58Âż73) of the total sample reported that they had previously been in psychiatric treatment, 80 (53%; 95 CI: 45Âż61) in inpatient treatment, 62 (41%; 95 CI: 34Âż49) in outpatient treatment and 42 (29%; 21Âż39) in both in- and outpatient treatments. All prisoners with psychosis and 72% of the ones with any lifetime mental health disorder had been in previous treatment. The number of inpatient treatments and imprisonments were positively correlated (rhoÂż=Âż0.27; pÂż<Âż0.01). Inpatient treatment was described as successfully completed by 56% (NÂż=Âż41) of those having given reasons for ending such treatment, whilst various reasons were reported for prematurely ending outpatient treatments.ConclusionThe data do not support the notion of a general `mental health treatment gapÂż in female prisoners. Although inpatient care is often successfully completed, repeated inpatient treatments are not linked with fewer imprisonments. Improved transition from inpatient to outpatient treatment and services that engage female prisoners to sustained outpatient treatments are needed
Unklare chronische Schwindelsyndrome – Erfahrungen mit einem interdisziplinären stationären Diagnostikkonzept
Dizziness is a common leading symptom. Especially patients with chronic vertigo syndromes experience a significant impairment in quality of life up to a limitation of their ability to work in the case of employed persons. The consequences are financial and capacitive burdens on the health system due to frequently multiple examinations and sick leave up to occupational invalidity of the affected patient. In 150 patients with chronic vertigo syndromes and an unclear outpatient diagnosis, at least one diagnosis that justified the complaint was made in over 90% of cases on the basis of a structured interdisciplinary inpatient diagnostic concept. Chronic vertigo syndromes are often multifactorial. Psychosomatic (accompanying) diagnoses were found in more than half of the patients. Targeted therapy can only be recommended after establishing a specific diagnosis. This justifies an interdisciplinary inpatient diagnostic concept for persistently unclear cases
Hadron and hadron-cluster production in a hydrodynamical model including particle evaporation
We discuss the evolution of the mixed phase at RHIC and SPS within
boostinvariant hydrodynamics. In addition to the hydrodynamical expansion, we
also consider evaporation of particles off the surface of the fluid. The
back-reaction of the evaporation process on the dynamics of the fluid shortens
the lifetime of the mixed phase. In our model this lifetime of the mixed phase
is <12 fm/c in Au+Au at RHIC and <6.5 fm/c in Pb+Pb at SPS, even in the limit
of vanishing transverse expansion velocity. Strangeness separation occurs,
especially in events (or at rapidities) with relatively high initial net baryon
and strangeness number, enhancing the multiplicity of MEMOs (multiply strange
nuclear clusters). If antiquarks and antibaryons reach saturation in the course
of the pure QGP or mixed phase, we find that at RHIC the ratio of antideuterons
to deuterons may exceed 0.3 and even anti-helium to helium>0.1. Due to
fluctuations, at RHIC even negative baryon number at midrapidity is possible in
individual events, so that the antibaryon and antibaryon-cluster yields exceed
those of the corresponding baryons and clusters.Comment: 17 pages, Latex, epsfig stylefil
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