To study propulsion drives

This paper describes a test bench developed to study and monitor the propulsion drives of electric vehicles at Tallinn University of Technology. The composition and performance of the setup are explained. The charging process of the supercapacitor bank is described as an example of the test bench application. The developed simulation model of the supercapacitor bank is presented and discussed

TEST BENCH WITH SUPERCAPACITOR STORAGE

This paper describes a test bench developed to study and monitor the propulsion drives of electric vehicles at Tallinn University of Technology. The composition and performance of the setup are explained. The charging process of the supercapacitor bank is described as an example of the test bench application. The developed simulation model of the supercapacitor bank is presented and discussed.This paper describes a test bench developed to study and monitor the propulsion drives of electric vehicles at Tallinn University of Technology. The composition and performance of the setup are explained. The charging process of the supercapacitor bank is described as an example of the test bench application. The developed simulation model of the supercapacitor bank is presented and discussed

Нелинейное времяимпульсное преобразование в радиоизотопных приборах: анализ и возможности применения

The paper considers the operation of radioisotope measuring devices under dynamic conditions, when the Poisson pulse flux at the output of the radiation detector becomes unsteady and the nonlinearity of the calibration curve of the device, the stochasticity of the radiation signal and the inertia of the meter significantly complicate the task of estimating the measured physical parameter. of the device and analysis of the possibility of its application for linearization of the characteristics of the device, increasing the speed of the devices and solving the measuring problem in real time.The process of nonlinear transformation of the radiation signal in the system is analyzed on the basis of the assumption about the exponential distribution of the intervals between the pulses of the information flow at the output of the radiation detector. A generalized algorithm for the synthesis of a given transformation function of a time-pulse computing device of a radioisotope device has been developed according to its mathematical description. To describe the transformation function given by a set of points, it is proposed to use its approximation by a power series.The proposed calculation formulas are verified by modeling in the Scilab program on a specific example of linearization of the curve of a radioisotope altimeter with a given tabular calibration characteristic. The results obtained confirm the expediency of using time-pulse computing devices for linearizing the conversion curve of radioisotope devices in real time.Carrying out calculations according to the proposed algorithms by means of modern microelectronics opens up new possibilities for expanding the field of application of radioisotope devices in dynamic problems of industrial flaw detection, measuring the parameters of object movement, thickness of rolled products and coatings, in devices for continuous monitoring of liquid media.Рассмотрена работа радиоизотопных измерительных приборов в динамических условиях, когда пуассоновский поток импульсов на выходе детектора излучения становится нестационарным, а нелинейность градуировочной характеристики прибора, стохастичность радиационного сигнала и инерционность измерителя существенно усложняют задачу оценки измеряемого физического параметра. Целью работы являлась разработка алгоритмов нелинейного времяимпульсного преобразования пуассоновского процесса в структуре радиоизотопного прибора и анализ возможности его применения для линеаризации характеристики прибора, повышения быстродействия приборов и решения измерительной задачи в режиме реального времени.Проанализирован процесс нелинейного преобразования радиационного сигнала в системе на основе предположения об экспоненциальном распределении интервалов между импульсами информационного потока на выходе детектора излучения. Разработан обобщённый алгоритм синтеза заданной функции преобразования времяимпульсного вычислительного устройства радиоизотопного прибора по её математическому описанию. Для описания функции преобразования, заданной множеством точек, предлагается использовать её аппроксимацию степенным рядом.Предложенные расчётные формулы проверены моделированием в программе Scilab на конкретном примере линеаризации характеристики радиоизотопного высотомера с заданной таблично градуировочной характеристикой. Полученные результаты подтверждают целесообразность использования времяимпульсных вычислительных устройств для линеаризации характеристики преобразования радиоизотопных приборов в режиме реального времени.Проведение вычислений по предложенным алгоритмам средствами современной микроэлектроники открывает новые возможности для расширения области применения радиоизотопных приборов в динамических задачах промышленной дефектоскопии, измерения параметров движения объектов, толщины проката и покрытий, в устройствах непрерывного контроля жидких сред

Cogito, ergo sum: An electrophysiological investigation of inner speech properties in a sensory attenuation paradigm

Sensory attenuation describes the decrease in the intensity of sensations we produce ourselves compared to externally-generated sensations, even when elicited by physically identical stimuli. This phenomenon is thought to result from the comparison of sensory predictions to sensory feedback. To predict the sensory consequences of self-initiated actions, duplicates of outgoing motor commands are generated by the motor cortex, known as efference copies. Sensory attenuation is hypothesised to occur if the sensory prediction matches the perceived sensation and has been studied in the context of voluntary actions across many modalities, including auditory. This provides an explanation for why our own speech sounds quieter to us than when we hear someone else speaking the same words. The effect is generated by the suppression of the auditory cortex when producing and hearing self- generated speech compared to when passively listening to a recording of the same speech. Auditory cortex suppression can be measured as an amplitude reduction of the N1 component of the auditory evoked potential. Indeed, a large body of literature shows that smaller N1 amplitudes are elicited by self-generated speech compared to external feedback of the same sound. Analogous sensory attenuation has also been found for the silent production of vowels or words in one's mind–inner speech. This subjective experience of language without any overt articulation plays a fundamental role in various cognitive domains and can be seen as an attenuated version of overt speech. Furthermore, inner speech, as a cognitive phenomenon, engages us in thinking through words and is the foundation for introspection, intricately connected to the philosophical realm of consciousness, ultimately epitomised in René Descartes’ axiom: Cogito, ergo sum ('I think, therefore I am.'). However, the neural processes underlying inner speech and its sensory suppression mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This warrants further investigation of the precision of sensory attenuation elicited by inner speech and whether it carries specific acoustic properties, such as sex, loudness, accent, tempo, rhythm, timbre, etc. Therefore, we first provided a conceptual framework for the subjective and objective assessment of inner speech (Chapter 2). This is followed by an electrophysiological experiment in which participants silently produce two different types of inner phonemes, concurrently with audible phonemes of female and male sex. These overt phonemes either match or do not match the internally produced phoneme of the participant in content (/BA/ versus /BI/) or sex (Chapter 3). We hypothesised that increased acoustic overlap between inner and audible phoneme (identical content or gender) mediated sensory suppression. Our results showed a general N1 amplitude reduction when producing inner speech (active conditions) compared to passive listening of the sample phonemes. However, neither the same content nor the same sex of inner and audible phoneme led to more sensory suppression, compared to non-matching content or sex, respectively. This suggests that inner speech might not precisely encode the content or sex of the perceived voice. Furthermore, we demonstrated in the same sample that other measures of acoustic overlap between inner and audible phonemes, such as peak frequencies in the sound spectrum, known as formants, do not predict the degree of sensory suppression. More specifically, similar formant values of the participant’s individual phoneme (recorded as their overtly uttered syllable) and the audible phoneme did not mediate N1 amplitude reduction (Chapter 4). These two studies suggest that inner speech may contain more impoverished acoustic properties than overt speech that cannot be captured with techniques commonly used in overt speech. Finally, we showed that the early auditory-evoked gamma-band response, another measure of neural activity, did not effectively track sensory attenuation in our data set and experimental paradigm. More specifically, both measured amplitude and inter-trial phase consistency did not differ between the active inner speech and passive listening conditions (Chapter 5). Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying speech-induced sensory attenuation and pave the way for further research of the neural underpinnings of dysfunctional sensory attenuation and auditory-verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia

Development of the City Public Service Model on the Basis of Integrated Transport Flow Indicators

The problem of modeling public services based on architectural and planning decisions is considered, the role of traffic in the formation of a model of city services is analyzed. An integrated criterion for the quality of public services is proposed. A method has been developed for determining segmented public services taking into account the transport areas of the city, which will make it possible to evenly disperse public service centers. The basis is a socio-planning organization, as a material-spatial system containing anthropogenic and natural components – the territory and institutions where the functional processes that take place in the urban planning environment take place. The described model has certain versatility, and is simultaneously suitable for characterizing various categories of service institutions. Thus, the task of optimizing the quality of public services in the city is reduced to a mathematical model for which, by setting the basic design criteria, the optimal result can be obtained.On the basis of a questionnaire survey and analysis of statistical data, calculation of traffic intensity, the demand and supply of the level of public services фre studied. The structural elements of this model: population, territory, transport and service institutions, are in dialectical interaction, which is described by the mathematical model in this study. The model is based on the calculation of the minimum population in the service area, which allows to have i-th type establishments using the social potential method, as well as a graph-analytical method in determining the optimal location of service institutions in the city.As a result of the research, a conceptual model of public services for cities is built, a layout of supermarkets in the territory of Uzhhorod and distribution of service areas of these institutions is proposed. This optimization will ensure uniform domestic servicing of the territory, optimal performance indicators of service establishments and minimum average service radii of points

Розробка методики забезпечення протекціонізму підприємництва в контексті фінансових капіталовкладень з метою реабілітації транспортного сектору

The problem of ensuring entrepreneurship protectionism in the context of financial investments was considered. The need for state entrepreneurship protectionism in order to rehabilitate the transport sector was proved. The conditions for including the sectors of the economy in the category of the most affected by the pandemic in the context of state protectionism were determined. Based on statistics and using the indicators of riskiness and priority of the economic sector, the sectors of the economy for allocation of financial investments were determined. The problem of determining the rate of financial capital investments was stated and solved. A comprehensive procedure for ensuring entrepreneurship protectionism in the context of financial investments for rehabilitation of the transport sector, taking into consideration the riskiness and priority of the economic sector, was proposed. Since the problem of state protectionism of entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic challenges is relevant for a number of countries, this procedure was tested on the example of the transport sector of the economy. According to the obtained results, the sectors of the economy that were recognized as the most affected by COVID-19 fall under state protectionism, and the problem of supporting the latter can only be solved through state intervention. The results of calculations show that the funds at the available amount of public finances S=1 allocated for support are distributed proportionally. The comprehensive approach made it possible to identify three sectors of the economy for financial investments, in this case, those that were most affected by COVID-19 receive the largest share of financial investments. From the practical point of view, this study is interesting for state administrations during the allocation of funds by the vector of support for the sectors of the economy that were most affected by pandemic challenges, and theoretically – to researchers dealing with financial support, protectionism, and state administrationРассмотрена проблема обеспечения протекционизма предпринимательства в контексте финансовых капиталовложений. Доказана необходимость государственного протекционизма предпринимательства с целью реабилитации транспортного сектора. Определены условия отнесения секторов экономики к категории наиболее пострадавших от пандемии в контексте государственного протекционизма. На основании статистических данных по показателям и на основании показателей рискованности и приоритетности сектора экономики определены секторы экономики для распределения финансовых капиталовложений. Сформулирована и решена задача определения ставки финансовых капиталовложений. Предложена комплексная методика обеспечения протекционизма предпринимательства в контексте финансовых капиталовложений с целью реабилитации транспортного сектора, учитывающий рискованность и приоритетность сектора экономики. Поскольку проблема государственного протекционизма предпринимательства в период пандемических вызовов COVID-19 актуальна для ряда стран, данная методика была апробирована на примере транспортного сектора экономики. Согласно полученным результатам, под государственный протекционизм попадают секторы экономики, которые признаны наиболее пострадавшими от COVID-19, а проблема поддержки последних может быть решена только с помощью государственного вмешательства. Результаты расчетов показывают, что распределение финансовых средств при имеющемся объеме государственных финансов S = 1, выделяемых на поддержку, осуществляется пропорционально. Комплексный подход позволил определить три сектора экономики для финансовых вложений, при этом наиболее пострадавшие от COVID-19 получают наибольшую долю финансовых капиталовложений. Данное исследование практически интересно государственным органам управления при распределении средств по вектору поддержки наиболее пострадавших секторов экономики от пандемических вызовов, а теоретически – исследователям, занимающимся вопросами финансового обеспечения, протекционизма и государственного администрированияРозглянуто проблему забезпечення протекціонізму підприємництва в контексті фінансових капіталовкладень. Доведено необхідність державного протекціонізму підприємництва з метою реабілітації транспортного сектору. Визначено умови віднесення секторів економіки до категорії найбільш постраждалих від пандемії в контексті державного протекціонізму. На підставі статистичних даних за показниками на підставі показників ризикованості та пріорітетності сектора економіки визначено сектори економіки для розподілу фінансових капіталовкладень. Сформульовано та вирішено задачу визначення ставки фінансових капіталовкладень. Запропоновано комплексну методику забезпечення протекціонізму підприємництва в контексті фінансових капіталовкладень з метою реабілітації транспортного сектору, що враховує ризикованість та пріорітетність сектора економіки. Оскільки проблема державного протекціонізму підприємництва в період пандемічних викликів COVID-19 актуальна для ряду країн, дана методика була апробована на прикладі транспортного сектору економіки. Згідно з отриманими результатами під державний протекціонізм потрапляють сектори економіки, які визнані найбільш постраждалими від COVID-19, а проблема підтримки останніх може бути вирішена тільки за допомогою державного втручання. Результати розрахунків показують, що розподіл фінансових коштів при наявному обсязі державних фінансів S=1, що виділяються на підтримку, здійснюється пропорційно. Комплексний підхід дозволив визначити три сектори економіки для фінансових капіталовкладень, при цьому найбільш постраждалі від COVID-19 отримують найбільшу частку фінансових капіталовкладень. Дане дослідження практично цікаво державним органам управління при розподілі коштів за вектором підтримки найбільш постраждалих секторів економіки від пандемічних викликів, а теоретично – дослідникам, що займаються питаннями фінансового забезпечення, протекціонізму та державного адмініструванн

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY PUBLIC SERVICE MODEL ON THE BASIS OF INTEGRATED TRANSPORT FLOW INDICATORS

The problem of modeling public services based on architectural and planning decisions is considered, the role of traffic in the formation of a model of city services is analyzed. An integrated criterion for the quality of public services is proposed. A method has been developed for determining segmented public services taking into account the transport areas of the city, which will make it possible to evenly disperse public service centers. The basis is a socio-planning organization, as a material-spatial system containing anthropogenic and natural components – the territory and institutions where the functional processes that take place in the urban planning environment take place. The described model has certain versatility, and is simultaneously suitable for characterizing various categories of service institutions. Thus, the task of optimizing the quality of public services in the city is reduced to a mathematical model for which, by setting the basic design criteria, the optimal result can be obtained. On the basis of a questionnaire survey and analysis of statistical data, calculation of traffic intensity, the demand and supply of the level of public services фre studied. The structural elements of this model: population, territory, transport and service institutions, are in dialectical interaction, which is described by the mathematical model in this study. The model is based on the calculation of the minimum population in the service area, which allows to have i-th type establishments using the social potential method, as well as a graph-analytical method in determining the optimal location of service institutions in the city. As a result of the research, a conceptual model of public services for cities is built, a layout of supermarkets in the territory of Uzhhorod and distribution of service areas of these institutions is proposed. This optimization will ensure uniform domestic servicing of the territory, optimal performance indicators of service establishments and minimum average service radii of points

The Model of Extracurricular Work with Students of Engineering Specialties

The subject of the research is the analysis of the development experience and the first phase of implementation of the model of extracurricular work with students of engineering specialties at Chernihiv National University of Technology (Ukraine), which was developed on the basis of the author's methodology ALM (active learning methods) at Tallinn University of Technology (Estonia) in combination with forms and methods of extracurricular work. The purpose of this model is to promote the enhancement of the motivation of students in engineering specialіties to succeed in learning. The main task of the research is to evaluate the readiness of students of engineering specialіties to participate in extracurricular activities and their awareness of the forms and methods of extracurricular work, the analysis of the first results of the implementation of the model of extracurricular work of students of engineering specialіties. For the observing stage of the experiment, such methods were used as theoretical, empirical, pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical methods. Participants were 92 students of the 3rd year of engineering specialіties of Chernihiv National University of Technology. Most students (82%) believe that extracurricular work has an impact on the formation of the individual and on the professional growth of a future specialist. The motivation for success among most respondents (73%) is average, 33% of respondents are not very good interlocutors who have shortcomings in communication; 60% have an average level of communication skills, 58% of respondents need to build self-confidence. Based on the received results from the questionnaire and tests carried out among students, a model of extracurricular work with students of engineering specialіties has been developed. The first stage of the implementation of this model has shown a positive dynamics. The model requires further testing and research of the impact on the students’personality

Design and simulation of the robust ABS and ESP fuzzy logic controller on the complex braking maneuvers

Automotive driving safety systems such as an anti-lock braking system (ABS) and an electronic stability program (ESP) assist drivers in controlling the vehicle to avoid road accidents. In this paper, ABS and the ESP, based on the fuzzy logic theory, are integrated for vehicle stability control in complex braking maneuvers. The proposed control algorithm is implemented for a sport utility vehicle (SUV) and investigated for braking on different surfaces. The results obtained for the vehicle software simulator confirm the robustness of the developed control strategy for a variety of road profiles and surfaces

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY PUBLIC SERVICE MODEL ON THE BASIS OF INTEGRATED TRANSPORT FLOW INDICATORS

The problem of modeling public services based on architectural and planning decisions is considered, the role of traffic in the formation of a model of city services is analyzed. An integrated criterion for the quality of public services is proposed. A method has been developed for determining segmented public services taking into account the transport areas of the city, which will make it possible to evenly disperse public service centers. The basis is a socio-planning organization, as a material-spatial system containing anthropogenic and natural components – the territory and institutions where the functional processes that take place in the urban planning environment take place. The described model has certain versatility, and is simultaneously suitable for characterizing various categories of service institutions. Thus, the task of optimizing the quality of public services in the city is reduced to a mathematical model for which, by setting the basic design criteria, the optimal result can be obtained.On the basis of a questionnaire survey and analysis of statistical data, calculation of traffic intensity, the demand and supply of the level of public services фre studied. The structural elements of this model: population, territory, transport and service institutions, are in dialectical interaction, which is described by the mathematical model in this study. The model is based on the calculation of the minimum population in the service area, which allows to have i-th type establishments using the social potential method, as well as a graph-analytical method in determining the optimal location of service institutions in the city.As a result of the research, a conceptual model of public services for cities is built, a layout of supermarkets in the territory of Uzhhorod and distribution of service areas of these institutions is proposed. This optimization will ensure uniform domestic servicing of the territory, optimal performance indicators of service establishments and minimum average service radii of points