Prediction of air pollution from power generation using machine learning

Electrical energy is now widely recognized as an essential part of life for humans, as it powers many daily amenities and devices that people cannot function without. Examples of these include traffic signals, medical equipment in hospitals, electrical appliances used in homes and offices, and public transportation. The process that generates electricity can pollute the air. Even though natural gas used in power plants is derived from fossil fuels, it can nevertheless produce air pollutants involving particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO), which affect human health and cause environmental problems. Numerous researchers have devoted significant efforts to developing methods that not only facilitate the monitoring of current air quality but also possess the capability to predict the impacts of this increasing rise. The primary cause of air pollution issues associated with electricity generation is the combustion of fossil fuels. The objective of this study was to create three multiple linear regression models using artificial intelligence (AI) technology and data collected from sensors positioned around the energy generator. The objective was to precisely predict the amount of air pollution that electricity generation would produce. The highly accurate forecasted data proved valuable in determining operational parameters that resulted in minimal air pollution emissions. The predicted values were accurate with the mean squared error (MSE) of 0.008, the mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.071, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.006 for the turbine energy yield (TEY). For the CO, the MSE was 2.029, the MAE was 0.791, and the MAPE was 0.934. For the NOx, the MSE was 69.479, the MAE was 6.148, and the MAPE was 0.096. The results demonstrate that the models developed have a high level of accuracy in identifying operational conditions that result in minimal air pollution emissions, with the exception of NOx. The accuracy of the NOx model is relatively lower, but it may still be used to estimate the pattern of NOx emission

Analysis of variation minor actinide pin configurations Np-237, AM-241, and Cm-244 in UN-PuN fueled pressurized water reactor

Actinide minor is a reactor waste with high toxicity and a long half-life. Minor actinides can be reduced by reusing them as fuel mixtures in reactors. This research uses PWR reactors with the primary fuel UN-PuN or Uranium Plutonium Nitride with a burning time of 5 years. The fuel consists of enriched Uranium, reactor-grade Plutonium from LWR waste, and minor actinides including Neptunium-237, Americium-241, and Curium-244. The purpose of this study was to find a design that is effective in reducing minor actinide waste. There are six designs or cases used in the addition of minor actinides. Each case has six minor actinide pins in each assembly. The addition of minor actinides is arranged in heterogeneous cores. The analysis was carried out by observing the values of k-eff, excess reactivity, and mass of minor actinides obtained from simulations using OpenMC code 0.13.2 and the ENDF/B-VIII library. The homogeneous core obtained an excess reactivity of 9.7 % with a percentage of plutonium of 8 %. The results of the homogeneous core are used as a reference for preparing a heterogeneous core. The heterogeneous core obtained an excess reactivity of 9.9 % with a percentage of plutonium F1: 5.5 %, F2: 8 %, and F3: 10.5 %. Np-237 can be reduced by 53 kg, and Am-241 can be reduced by 61 kg with minor actinide pins in case 1. Cm-244 can be reduced by 363 kilograms with minor actinide pins in case 6. Excess reactivity in the addition of Np-237 and Am-241 decreased to 5.3 %, while the accumulation of Cm-244 increased to 12.1 %

A rheophysical study of the non-newtonian behavior of water flow in thin channels

The development of low-permeable hydrocarbon reservoirs is becoming an increasingly urgent task, and therefore, the study of the laws of fluid movement in subcapillary pores and microcracks is a crucial scientific and technical problem. The previous experimental studies revealed that a viscous liquid during flow in low-permeable reservoirs exhibits an anomalous non-Newtonian character, accompanied by a violation of the linearity of the filtration process, and, consequently, Darcy's law. It was also established that starting from a certain critical size of the opening of the crack, the flow of a Newtonian fluid (water, viscous oil) becomes non-Newtonian, with the manifestation of an initial pressure gradient and flow locking. In this research work, rheophysical aspects of the non-Newtonian behavior of water during flow in thin rectangular channels are considered experimentally. Using the microchannel model, it is established that the nonlinear rheological effect in the flow of water in micro-slits is mainly caused by the value of the electrokinetic potential of the system, by reducing of which it is possible to significantly weaken the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid. To regulate the electrokinetic potential of the fluid system, an antistatic additive was used, the optimal concentration of which was established experimentally. The optimal concentration is defined to be 0.006 %. Based on the Bingham model, the rheological parameters of water flow were estimated at different micro-slit clearances changed in the range of 10÷25 micrometers, in the absence and presence of an antistatic additive. It is also established that a reduction in the electrical potential of the fluid flow leads to a significant decrease in the yield shear stress during the flow of water in the microchanne

Study of the influence of the technical level of railway vehicles on braking characteristics

In the article, the traction transmission of modern STADLER KISS trains is studied. The study of the effect of the technical level of the traction transmission on the braking characteristics of the train is discussed. The application of an innovative traction reducer is proposed, which allows to increase the result indicator according to the unit consumption of the traction transmission. Taking the reduction of the mass of the proposed thrust reducer as one of the main factors shaping the effect on the braking system, the possibility of reducing the inertia coefficient of the rotating parts and the technical parameters considered in the equation of motion of the train is shown. Taking into account the method of calculating the braking distance, the braking distance in different speed ranges is calculated in a practical example, by evaluating the braking efficiency, the possibility of reducing the braking distance by 5 % and reducing the braking time in proportion is shown. As a result of the experiments carried out by the researchers, it became clear that the technical level of traction transmission, consisting of multi-stage innovative reducers, directly affects the movement of trains. Thus, increasing the value of the coefficient of inertia of the rotating parts should allow accelerating the acceleration and braking times of the trains, passing the flats quickly, reducing the braking distance and saving some fuel resources. By conducting emergency braking tests, experimental values of the train's braking distance and braking time were determined and their compliance with the reported values was confirmed. Taking into account the advantages of the proposed reducer, a comparative description of the graphs of the dependence of braking distance and braking time on speed is give

Evaluation of mechanical and morphological properties composite of Agel Leaf Fiber (ALF)-epoxy modified with carbon powder

This research focuses on the successful development of Agel Leaf Fiber (ALF)-Epoxy composites added with Carbon Active Powder (CAP) and printed using the Vacuum Pressure Infusion (VAPRI) method. Considering the importance of determining the mechanical properties of composites as raw materials for making fishing boats, this research aims to determine the use of Agel Leaf Fiber (ALF) in polymer matrix composites. The composite morphology was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and ImageJ software. The mechanical properties evaluated included Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, and Hardness. The composite was prepared by incorporating CAP in varying volumes of 0 %, 10 %, and 30 % with a fixed ALF percentage of 40 %. The results showed that the addition of CAP significantly increased the tensile strength to 128.51 MPa, with 0.068 % elongation, 1787.39 MPa modulus of elasticity, and a hardness value of 75.2 HD. Furthermore, the addition of 10 % carbon exhibited a remarkable improvement in flexural strength, reaching 238.51 MPa. This improvement could be attributed to reduced porosity, resulting in enhanced bonding between ALF-CAP-Epoxy components. The flexural strength of the composite with the highest CAP content experienced a significant increase of 238.51 MPa. Thus, Agel leaf fiber has the potential to be used as a reinforcing material in the manufacture of composites and is applied in the manufacture of environmentally friendly fishing boat bodie

Integration of FMEA and Bayesian network methods for risk assessment of components delay in ferry ship construction

Construction of new ships in Indonesia. In this case study, the construction of a 600 DWT Ro-Ro ferry. The 600 DWT Shipbuilding Project involves various risks that may affect the schedule and results. A risk assessment involving the quality control team, project lead, and production management is carried out to identify and quantify the level of risk and its consequences. The results of this assessment assist in understanding and managing project risk, stress the importance of communication and coordination between teams, and enable better contingency planning and more effective project management. The FMEA calculation method is used to identify potential failure modes, determine the impact of each failure, and calculate a risk score based on the probability and effect of each failure. The Bayesian method updates the likelihood of failure based on new data that appears during the shipbuilding process. FMEA data is taken from the RPN (Risk Priority Number) at the Occurrence value, then weighted against the list of risks. Most risks are considered 'rare' in terms of likelihood and 'insignificant' in terms of consequence, indicating that despite potential obstacles, the impact on the project is expected to be minimal. However, several risks with 'minor' effects have been identified, highlighting the importance of effective risk planning and mitigation. The integration of this method still needs to be improved, especially in the shipping industry. This method can be developed by making applications to control the procurement of materials at the beginning and during the construction and evaluation process at the end. The effort to make the ship construction timely according to the contract answers the shipbuilding challenges that often occur in developing countrie

Non-linear dynamics of a test particle near the Lagrange points L4 and L5 (Earth-Moon and Sun-Earth case)

The two-bodies problem can be fully solved, and was solved by Kepler (1609) and Newton (1687). The general three-body problem is often given as an example of a mathematical problem that ‘can’t be solved’. So, there is no general analytical solution. This problem can be significant and a special case of this problem is the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CRTBP), which can be applied to the Earth-Moon system with a spacecraft, the Sun-Earth system with an asteroid, etc. In this paper, let’s focus on the motion of a test particle near the triangular Lagrange points L4 and L5 in the Earth-Moon and the Sun-Earth systems. Studying the movement of an object around these points is especially important for space mission design. To generate a trajectory around these points, the non-linear equations of motion for the circular restricted three-body problem were numerically integrated into MATLAB® 2023 software and the results are presented in the plane (x, y) and the phase plane (x, vx) and (y, vy). By numerical orbit integration, it is possible to investigate what happens when the displacement is relatively large or short from the Lagrange points. Then the small astronomical body may vibrate around these points. The results in this paper are shown in the rotating and inertia axes. Various initial positions near the Lagrange points and velocities are used to produce various paths the test particle can take. The same examples of numerical studies of trajectories associated with Lagrange points are shown in the inertial and the rotating coordinates system and are discussed. From the results of the numerical tests performed in MATLAB® 2023, it is possible to saw that there are different types of periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic orbit

Research on the dynamics of a heavy mechanized bridge in the deployment phase of the lifting frame

This article presents a dynamic model of the TMM-3M heavy mechanized bridge during the frame lifting stage, which is driven by a hydraulic system, constituting the initial phase of the bridge erection process. The model is constructed as a multi-body dynamic system, taking into account the elastic deformation of the rear outriggers, front tires, and front suspension system. The research model integrates a mechanical system controlled by hydraulic cylinders, with pressure being considered as a variable reacting to external loads during the system's operation. Lagrangian equations of the second kind are utilized to establish a system of differential equations describing the oscillations of the system and form the basis for investigating the dynamics of the frame lifting process. The system of differential equations is solved numerically using MATLAB simulation software based on the Runge-Kutta algorithm. The study has revealed laws regarding the displacement and velocity of components within the system, evaluating the stability of the TMM-3M heavy mechanized bridge during operation. This research paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of the working process of the TMM-3M heavy mechanized bridge, aiming for practical improvements to minimize deployment or retrieval time, reduce the number of deployment team members, enhance the automation of the operation process to reduce the workload for operator

Design of a model for improving emergency room performance using a colored Petri net

Emergency rooms are one of the most complex and vital areas of healthcare institutions, which have presented overcrowding, long waiting, and length of stay times, affecting the timeliness, responsiveness, and quality of service. This research aimed to design a detailed patient flow model to improve emergency room performance using the hierarchical timed colored Petri nets. Then, the model was simulated to evaluate scenarios considering tactical decisions such as physician staff planning, operational decisions such as adjusting work schedules, and strategic decisions such as increasing observation beds. The best scenario would reduce the average waiting times for triage II patients by 17.30 % and 47.57 %, and triage III by 33.49 % and 43.49 % for medical consultation in the office or the minor surgery room, respectively. In addition, the waiting time in observation and the rate of patients left without being seen by a physician would be reduced by 92.45 % and 74.67 %, respectively. These results improve the quality and timeliness of the service and avoid putting the patient's health and life at risk. The designed model included more attributes for patients concerning the place of medical care in the emergency room, the number of visits to the physician, and the physician who will care for the patient. Moreover, the simulation model includes observation beds as a limited resource blocking new patient admission. Finally, this model is a tool to support emergency room managers in making short, medium, and long-term decisions to address problems such as overcrowding, long waiting and length of stay times, and high rates of patients left without being seen by a physicia

Application of the multi-criteria analysis method mairca, spotis, comet for the optimisation of sustainable electricity technology development

The development of sustainable electricity technology is of utmost importance in addressing the increasing energy demand while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Fossil fuel-based electricity generation is the primary contributor to air pollution and climate change, necessitating a shift towards renewable energy sources. The efficient production, distribution, and utilization of energy resources, along with ensuring affordable energy access and environmental sustainability, are key policy objectives for any country's energy sector. However, assessing sustainable electricity technologies is a complex task due to the diverse range of evaluation criteria and impacts associated with the practical implementation of these solutions. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach to select the optimal solution for the development of sustainable electricity technology. The study employs several reliable methods, including MAIRCA, SPOTIS, COMET, and the CRITIC weighting method, to perform ranking evaluations. Based on this, an evaluation Table of criteria using linguistic variables is constructed. Furthermore, a ranking of methods for developing sustainable electricity technology is established by combining MCDM optimization methods. The results indicate that future energy policies should prioritize sustainable energy technologies, particularly water and solar thermal solutions. These findings have significant implications for development policymakers as the transition towards a sustainable energy system becomes increasingly crucial. In the future, the findings of this research can be further developed on a regional level, enabling the identification of the most appropriate energy technologies for specific regions based on their unique characteristics and requirement