The Principle of Subsidiarity as a Valuable Benchmark in the Regulation of Economic Relations

The principle of subsidiarity can be an effective tool for adjusting economic systems and establishing the social rule-of-law concept in public organisation. In considering the usability of the principle of subsidiarity, the following aspects thereof are discussed: the role in the development of the European social model; employment in determining limits for the powers of the public and private sectors; the application in the market and planned economy systems; and the social justice function in the development of a social welfare state. The principle of subsidiarity as an instrument for individuals’ interests, balancing and adjusting in the regulation of economic systems, helps to establish the relative sizes of public policy and the market, as subsidiarity can help ensure a more equitable distribution of public goods while guaranteeing the maintenance of the creative potency of operators and minimal satisfaction of vital needs of individuals unable to contribute to the production of goods. It amounts to a constitutional measure determining the balance of productive and protective state, thus ensuring the stability of the state organisation. In the concept of a social rule-of-law state, subsidiarity draws clear limits to the state’s powers, institutionally bringing together efforts of all members of the community to achieve welfare in the state

Knitting in the History of Fashion

Knitting technique is rarely mentioned in overview of costume history. Fashion theorists' attention to knitting is also insignificant because this technique never had significant influence on fashion changes. The intention of article is to overview the evolution of knitting, to inquire about its historic roots and its place in fashion history, to present knitting as creative process and contemporary technology that takes even greater part in world of fashion. I wanted to deny established stereotype that knitting is only handiworks or women's pastime. Gathered, analyzed and systemized information unveils interesting panorama of knitting as creating process having old traditions. Originated in old past, created with extremely simple tools now knit product became a branch of textile and fashion industry. Life of contemporary man is hardly imaginable without knit products. New knitting technologies enter into fashion industry and promote variety and progress of the product

Possibilities for Intercultural Cooperation Development in Cultural Centres

Intercultural cooperation is carried out within a country and between countries. The level of cooperation is strongly macro, meso and micro, depending on nature and capacity of the organisation. Intercultural cooperation is performed by various cultural and educational institutions.Cultural centre is one of very few cultural organisations, having few analogues in other countries, cherishing, preserving and supporting ethnical culture and forming state image through intercultural cooperation. Thus, intercultural cooperation and communication in the activities of various cultural centres on the macro, meso and micro levels are a scientific issue examined in the article. The quantitative research, conducted in 8 cultural centres operating in the border areas of Lithuania, Belarus and the Kaliningrad Region (Russia), i.e. Kybartai, Pagėgiai, Švencionys, Lazdijai, Pelesa, Rimdžiūnai, Sovetskas and Gusev, helped to determine the intercultural levels of these cultural centres and their communities. Estimating different circumstances of the activity of Lithuanian cultural centres and cultural organisations operating in the Kaliningrad and Belarus border areas (Lithuanian cultural centres / Lithuanian communities), a comparative analysis revealed the key features of cooperation between the community and cultural centres / Lithuanian organisations. The study also analysed the patterns of intercultural cooperation

Assembling collaboration space : Maps in practice during search and rescue efforts in northern Norway

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Henriko Nagio gyvenimo ir kūrybos sampynos „Dienoraštyje“

The article discusses the “Diary” (1944–1946) by Henrikas Nagys (1920–1996), а  diaspora poet, translator, literary critic, a member of a movement of zemininkai-lankininkai and Doctor of Humanities,  as one of the objects of ego-documentary heritage, kept in the Maironis Museum of Lithuanian Literature. It records the period of one post-war year, which became a decisive turning point for his generation. Applying the descriptive and interpretive methods of analysis of the archival material, the philosophical, existential and personal aspects that have formed in the writer‘s mind are revealed; the historical, social and cultural context is assessed, revealing the value criteria of the generation. Via texts, the scenario of Henrik Nagys’ personality becomes clearer. The diary text in scientific discourse is revealed for the first time.Straipsnyje aptariamas išeivijos poeto, vertėjo, literatūros kritiko, žemininko-lankininko humanitarinių mokslų daktaro Henriko Nagio (1920–1996) vienas iš egodokumentinio paveldo objektų – „Dienoraštis“ (1944–1946), saugomas Maironio lietuvių literatūros muziejuje. Jame užfiksuotas vienerių pokario metų, tapusių lemiamu lūžiu jo kartai, laikotarpis. Taikant archyvinės medžiagos analizės, aprašomąjį ir interpretacinį metodus, atskleidžiami rašytojo sąmonėje besiformuojantys filosofiniai, egzistenciniai ir asmeniniai aspektai, veriasi istorinis, socialinis, kultūrinis kontekstas, išryškėja vertybiniai kartos kriterijai. Per tekstus aiškėja Henriko Nagio asmenybės tapsmo scenarijus. Dienoraščio tekstas moksliniame diskurse praskleidžiamas pirmą kartą

Interaction between Cultural/Creative Tourism and Tourism/ Cultural Heritage Industries

The chapter presents a review of the conceptions of cultural and creative tourism, their resources, objectives and their benefit and damage to the nature and the society. It is very important in the postmodern society to not only develop cultural tourism that is one of the most rapidly growing branches of economy, but also to employ cultural heritage and does not always develop the common heritage and tourism industry. This is an especially sore point because the common cultural heritage and tourism industry has an opportunity to create added financial value for cities, regions, and it also develops a responsible conserving cultural tourist. Creative tourism is different from cultural tourism in that it provides tourists with experiences through their direct participation in offered tourism activities. Another idiosyncratic feature is that creative tourism travel packs are created by not only tourism organisations, but also communities that have authentic tangible and intangible heritage. It is important to note that cultural tourism can transform into creative tourism. Heritage tourism is of great importance as well because it relates to the aforementioned types of tourism. ‘Red’ tourism can be distinguished as a type of heritage tourism that attracts tourists’ attention

On the Intraoperative Awareness General Anesthesia

General anesthesia is a crucial component of modern medical practice, enabling surgeons to perform complex procedures and ensuring patient comfort. However, within the realm of general anesthesia, a rare but significant phenomenon called intraoperative awareness has garnered attention. Intraoperative awareness refers to the state of partial or complete consciousness experienced by some patients during surgery, despite being under anesthesia. This article aims to explore the concept of general anesthesia and intraoperative awareness, shedding light on its prevalence, causes, impact, and management strategies. Understanding this phenomenon is vital for healthcare professionals to improve patient outcomes and enhance the safety of surgical procedures. &nbsp

Moterų iniciatyvos Lietuvos Persitvarkymo sąjūdyje (1988–1989)

Over 30 years have passed since the beginning of the Reform Movement; however, women’s initiatives in the Reform Movement of Lithuania have not been analysed. Commemorating the anniversary of the Reform Movement, Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania declared 2018 as the year of the Reform Movement and highlighted the period of 1988-1990 as a period of great importance in the Lithuania history when Seimas of the Reform Movement acted as a partial yet legal democratic representative of the nation in the Soviet occupation system. The article analyses women’s engagement into the initiative groups of the Sąjūdis, their participation in the initiative group and congress. The aim of this article is to shed light on the role of women in the building of the Soviet Union and the specific nature of the activities of the women's Sąjūdis, the degree of involvement, the problems raised and the solutions proposed. In order to achieve this goal, the archival material contained in the fund of the Lithuanian Perestroika Sąjūdis of the New Archive of the Lithuanian State, the fund of the Kaunas Movement of the Kaunas Regional State Archive, the periodical press of the time were analysed, and the following scientific research was made available.Nuo Sąjūdžio pradžios praėjo daugiau nei trisdešimt metų, tačiau moterų inciatyvos Lietuvos persitvarkymo sąjūdy nėra analizuotos Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas, minėdamas Sąjūdžio jubiliejų, 2018-uosius paskelbė Sąjūdžio metais ir 1988–1990 metus išskyrė kaip ypač svarbų Lietuvos istorijos laikotarpį, kai sovietų okupacinėje sistemoje Sąjūdžio Seimas veikė kaip dalinis, bet teisėtas demokratinis tautos atstovas. Straipsnyje analizuojamas moterų įsitraukimas į Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdžio iniciatyvines grupes, dalyvavimas Sąjūdžio iniciatyvinėje grupėje ir suvažiavime. Aptariamas moterų sąjūdis, veikęs kaip Sąjūdžio dalis, miestų iniciatyvinės sąjūdžio grupės. Keliamas moterų sąjūdžio grupių veiklos ir lyderystės klausimas, aiškinamasi, kaip Moterų sąjūdis bendravo ir bendradarbiavo su Moterų taryba, Sovietų Sąjungos sukurta institucija, neturėjusia įtakos moterų įtraukimui į visuomeninę veiklą ar į ideologines propagandines partijos iniciatyvas, neskaitant pavienių atvejų. Moterų tarybų veikla išryškėjo kuriantis Sąjūdžiui ir visus 1989 metus iki Aukščiausios Tarybos rinkimų, įvykusių 1990 m. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti moterų vaidmenį kuriant Sąjūdį ir moterų sąjūdžio veiklų specifišką, įsitraukimo laipsnį, keltas problemas ir siūlytus sprendimus. Siekiant tikslo analizuota archyvinė medžiaga, esanti Lietuvos valstybės naujojo archyvo Lietuvos persitvarkymo Sąjūdžio fonde, Kauno regioninio valstybės archyvo Kauno sąjūdžio fonde, to meto periodinėje spaudoje, pasitelkti šiais klausimais atlikti moksliniai tyrimai