Escucha México. Cultura auditiva

En este PAP se integran objetivos que buscan incidir para la implementación de entornos incluyentes, el desarrollo de la educación sobre la salud y cultura auditiva, las herramientas necesarias para la defensa del confort acústico y la propagación de información sobre la discapacidad auditiva. Para lograr esto, se desenvuelven dentro del PAP seis proyectos, los cuales son, Coordinación de eventos, Cruzada Contra el Ruido, Material Didáctico, Mariana Anaya, Redes sociales PAP Escucha México y Observatorio interdisciplinario del ruido. Cada proyecto se desarrolla en diferentes áreas de trabajo, como puede ser la organización de paneles informativos y encuentros, el manejo de redes sociales, la elaboración de talleres y cursos. Para cada proyecto se desarrollan metodologías de trabajo cuantitativas y cualitativas, en donde se utilizan métodos deductivos y experimentales, con el acompañamiento de técnicas de observación, de focus group y de encuesta.ITESO, A.C

Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, with an imbalance in the secretion of adipokines and, worsening insulin resistance. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA in T2DM decreases inflammatory markers, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on adipokines, metabolic control, and lipid profile in T2DM Mexican adults. Methods: In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, 54 patients with T2DM received 520 mg of DHA + EPA-enriched fish-oil (FOG) or a placebo (PG) daily. Baseline and 24-week anthropometric and biochemical measurements included glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac), leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and lipid profile; n-3 PUFA intake was calculated in g/day. Results: Waist circumference and blood glucose showed significant reductions in the FOG group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). Hb1Ac (p = 0.009 and p = 0.004), leptin (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000), and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000) decreased significantly in both groups after 24 weeks (FOG and PG respectively). Serum resistin (FOG p < 0.000 and PG p = 0.001), insulin (FOG p < 0.000 and PG p < 0.000), and HOMA-IR (FOG p = 0.000 and PG p < 0.000) increased significantly in both groups. FOG had an overall improvement in the lipid profile with a significant decrease in triacylgycerols (p = 0.002) and atherogenic index (p = 0.031); in contrast, the PG group had increased total cholesterol (p < 0.000), non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.000), and atherogenic index (p = 0.017). Conclusions: We found a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on waist circumference, glucose, Hb1Ac, leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, and lipid profile, without significant changes in adiponectin, and increases in resistin, insulin, and HOMA-IR in both groups

West Mexico Berries Modulate &alpha;-Amylase, &alpha;-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant and biological potential of eight freeze-dried berry varieties of southern Jalisco using in silico and in vitro approaches. Fourteen tentative phenolic compounds were identified in berries by ESI-QToF, including anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavanols and flavonols. In silico assays of phytochemicals in the berry inhibiting enzymes related to obesity and diabetes showed predicted binding energy interactions (ranging from &minus;5.4 to &minus;9.3 kcal/mol). Among the cultivars, antioxidant potential for DPPH IC50 ranged from 1.27 to 3.40 mg/mL, ABTS IC50 from 2.26 to 7.32 mg/mL and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition IC50 from 4.26 to 11.07 mg/mL. The potential to inhibit &alpha;-amylase IC50 ranged from 4.02 to 7.66 mg/mL, &alpha;-glucosidase IC50 from 0.27 to 4.09 mg/mL, lipase IC50 from 1.30 to 4.82 mg/mL and DPP-IV IC50 from 1.36 to 3.31 mg/mL. Blackberry cultivars from the southern Jalisco region showed outstanding biological potential compared to other evaluated berries and could be used in the formulation of functional foods in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases

Consumo de jugo de granada (Punica granatum) y su efecto sobre la glucemia, perfil lipídico e histología del páncreas en un modelo de hiperglucemia inducida mediante estreptozotocina

Diversos compuestos bioactivos de los alimentos se han empleado en el tratamiento alterativo de la diabetes mellitus. El jugo de granada posee un alto contenido en compuestos fen&oacute;licos a los cuales se les atribuyen propiedades biol&oacute;gicas como hipolipemiante, hipoglucemiante y protector del tejido pancre&aacute;tico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del libre acceso de jugo de granada sobre los niveles de glucosa, colesterol, triglic&eacute;ridos e integridad del tejido pancre&aacute;tico in vivo. Se emplearon 18 ratas macho Wistar inducidas a hiperglucemia con 60 mg estreptozotocina/kg de peso corporal intraperitoneal (IP). Se formaron tres grupos experimentales. El grupo HS expuesto a soluci&oacute;n de sacarosa, el grupo HJG expuesto a jugo de granada y el grupo HSI expuesto a soluci&oacute;n de sacarosa y tratamiento con insulina. Los resultados mostraron que, las ratas del grupo HJG consumieron jugo de granada durante 21 d&iacute;as, lo que result&oacute; en la reducci&oacute;n de los niveles de glucosa con respecto a su valor inicial de 417 a 356 mg/dL, no de manera significativa (p&gt;0.05). Los niveles de l&iacute;pidos mostraron una reducci&oacute;n no significativa al finalizar la intervenci&oacute;n (p&gt;0.05). El estudio histol&oacute;gico del p&aacute;ncreas en el grupo HJG mostr&oacute; conservaci&oacute;n de la arquitectura pancre&aacute;tica y presencia de islotes de Langerhans; mientras que el grupo HS mostr&oacute; extensa necrosis pancre&aacute;tica y el grupo HSI mostr&oacute; da&ntilde;o intermedio con escasos islotes de Langerhans. Se sugiere que el jugo de granada posee efectos hipoglucemiantes y protege el tejido pancre&aacute;tico en ratas hipergluc&eacute;micas inducidas.Diverse bioactive compounds of foods have been used in the alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus. Pomegranate juice has a high content of phenolic compounds to which biological properties are attributed as lipid-lowering, hypoglycemic and protective of pancreatic tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of free access of pomegranate juice on the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and the integrity of pancreatic tissue in vivo. Eighteen male Wistar rats were induced to hyperglycemia with 60 mg streptozotocin/kg of body weight intraperitoneal (IP). Three experimental groups were formed. The HS group exposed to sucrose solution, the HJG group exposed to pomegranate juice and the HSI group exposed to sucrose solution and insulin treatment. The results showed that the rats of the HJG group consumed pomegranate juice for 21 days, which resulted in the reduction of glucose levels from its initial value of 417 to 356 mg/dL, not significantly (p&gt;0.05). Lipid levels showed a non-significant reduction at the end of the intervention (p&gt;0.05). The histological study of the pancreas in the HJG group showed conservation of the pancreatic architecture and the presence of islets of Langerhans; while the HS group showed extensive pancreatic necrosis and the HSI group showed intermediate damage with few islets of Langerhans. It is suggested that pomegranate juice has hypoglycaemic effects and protects pancreatic tissue in induced hyperglycemic rats

Formulación, análisis nutrimental y sensorial de productos de panadería a base de una mezcla cereal-leguminosa (Phaseolus vulgaris y Lupinus albus) en México

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la formulaci&oacute;n y evaluaci&oacute;n de galletas y grissinis a base de una mezcla cereal-leguminosa, as&iacute; como evaluar el grado de satisfacci&oacute;n y preferencia en un grupo de adultos y ni&ntilde;os en M&eacute;xico. Para la elaboraci&oacute;n de los productos de panader&iacute;a se emple&oacute; una combinaci&oacute;n de harina de trigo-leguminosa de 55:45 para las galletas, mientras que para los grissinis fue de 68:32. En cuanto al contenido de prote&iacute;na de los productos, presentaron valores de 10,65&plusmn;0,06 a 12,09&plusmn;0,30 g/100g. Por su parte, el contenido de fibra vari&oacute; desde 0,39&plusmn;0,30 hasta 3,84&plusmn;0,37 g/100g. En cuanto a la prueba de grado de satisfacci&oacute;n se identific&oacute; que todos los productos fueron del agrado de los participantes, obteniendo calificaciones superiores a 0 (ni me gusta ni me disgusta). Mientras que en la prueba de preferencia, los productos elaborados con frijol, fueron preferidas en un mayor n&uacute;mero de ocasiones que los de lupino. Se encontraron diferencias estad&iacute;sticamente significativas entre el grupo de adultos y ni&ntilde;os en los puntajes otorgados a todos los productos, lo que se puede relacionar con la familiaridad hacia &eacute;ste tipo de alimentos.The objective of this work was the formulation and evaluation of cookies and grissinis based on a cereal-legume mixture, as well as the degree of satisfaction and preference in a group of adults and children in Mexico. For the preparation of bakery products, a combination of wheat flour and legume of 55:45 was used for cookies, while for grissinis it was 68:32. In terms of protein content of the products, there were found values from 10,65&plusmn;0,06 to 12,09&plusmn;0,30 g/100g. On the other hand, the fiber content varied from 0,39&plusmn;0,30 to 3,84&plusmn;0,37 g/100g. As for the degree of satisfaction test, it was identified that all the products were liked by the participants, obtaining ratings above 0 (I do not like or dislike it). While in the preference test, all products made with beans were preferred in a greater number of occasions than those with lupine. Statistically significant differences were found between the group of adults and children in the scores awarded to all the products, being able to relate to the familiarity towards this type of food

Experiencias ganaderas, agrícolas y forestales en la conservación de los recursos naturales

La producción agrícola y ganadera es un desafío en la actualidad por diversas razones, entre las que se encuentran el cambio climático, la degradación de los suelos y la contaminación. En algunas zonas, estas actividades se llevan a cabo en áreas destinadas a la conservación de la naturaleza, por lo que tienen el reto de garantizar la producción de alimentos para una población creciente, y a su vez de conservar la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos en México.GIZ, SEMARNAT, CONANP, GFA, ICA

Prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papilomavirus infection in the pre-vaccination era: a population-based study in the Canary Islands

Objective National Spanish studies show that prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the female population is increasingly frequent, with an overall estimate of 14% in women aged 18–65 years. The objective of this study is to know the prevalence and distribution of HPV types in the female population of the Canary Islands prior to the introduction of HPV vaccines and to investigate the associated clinical and sociodemographic factors.Methods Based on the Primary Health Care database, a sample of adult women (aged 18–65 years) of Gran Canaria (GC) and Tenerife (TF) stratified into nine age groups was carried out between 2002 and 2007. Women were contacted by postal letter and telephone call and were visited in their primary care centre. A clinical-epidemiological survey was completed and cervical samples were taken for cytological study and HPV detection. HPV prevalence and its 95% CI were estimated, and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to identify factors associated with the infection.Results 6010 women participated in the study, 3847 from GC and 2163 from TF. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 13.6% (CI 12.8%–14.5%) and 11.1% (CI 10.3%–11.9%) for high-risk types. The most frequent HPV type was 16 followed by types 51, 53, 31, 42 and 59. HPV types included in the nonavalent vaccine were detected in 54.1% of infected women. Factors associated with an increased risk of infection were: young ages (18–29 years), the number of sexual partners throughout life, not being married, being a smoker, and having had previous cervical lesions or genital warts.Conclusions It is confirmed that prevalence of HPV infection in the female population of the Canary Islands is high, but similar to that of Spain, HPV 16 being the most frequent genotype. The determinants of infection are consistent with those of other populations