LA POSESIÓN DE DROGA PARA EL PROPIO E INMEDIATO CONSUMO Y EL PRINCIPIO DE IGUALDAD ANTE LA LEY, HUÁNUCO, 2018 - 2019

El objetivo general de la presente tesis fue el de establecer si la conducta de posesión de droga para propio e inmediato consumo del primer y segundo párrafo del Art. 299 del Código Penal se relaciona con el principio de igualdad ante le ley, Huánuco 2018 – 2019, en el desarrollo de la tesis se ha empleado un enfoque mixto (cualitativo – cuantitativo), el alcance o nivel fue explicativo y diseño correlacional; el muestreo fue no probabilístico se contó con 15 jueces y fiscales penales de Huánuco y 10 sentencias penales dictadas entre el 2018 y 2019, por delito de micro comercialización de drogas en los cuales el sujeto alegó ser consumidor de drogas, tomados los instrumentos se han obtenidos resultados que permitieron comprobar las hipótesis. La hipótesis general ha quedado confirmada con los resultados, pues en casi todas las ocasiones en la que el sujeto es intervenido con mínima cantidad de drogas, que podría ser destinada para el propio e inmediato, no procede la eximente por consumo cuando el sujeto es intervenido en posesión de más de una sustancia y con dosis un poco más elevadas que las establecidas en la ley, pues al precisar que es adicto y / o consumidor de drogas, no se les practica ningún examen toxicológico, ya que se parte de la ley; frente a esta situación, existe afectación al principio de igualdad ante la ley, pues, en estos casos se incurre en responsabilidad objetiva, proscrita por el Art. VII del Título Preliminar del Código Penal, y se le considera de modo jure et de jure, (sin admitir prueba en contra) que es micro comercializador de drogas.Tesi

Direct and indirect health impacts of climate change on the vulnerable elderly population in East China

The latest scientific advances on the impacts of climate change on the health of the elderly in East China were reviewed consulting peer-reviewed publications from 2000-2017. The direct impacts of climate change result from rising temperatures, heatwaves, and increases in the frequency of complex extreme weather events such as windstorms, floods, and droughts. The health and social consequences of these events are far-reaching, ranging from reduced labour productivity and heat-related deaths, through to direct physical injury during extreme weather events, the spread of infectious diseases, and mental health effects following widespread flooding or prolonged drought. Research has indicated that climate change will have the greatest impact on vulnerable groups of people, including the elderly population. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence, a lack of focus on vulnerable segments of the population (especially elderly), limited understanding of how health status will change in the future, and lack of acknowledgement of how different regions in China vary in terms of the consequences of climate change. The main risk in East China that climate change may exacerbate is flooding (sea level rise, coastal and riverine, flood risk). However in some regions of East China such as in the provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu, Hebei and Shandong the biggest climate change risk is considered to be drought. Main health risks linked to climate change are evident as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases (heat stroke, exhaustion, and asthma), often caused by interactions between heatwave episodes and concurrent poor air quality

Microbiologic follow-up study in adult bronchiectasis

SummaryThere is minimal published longitudinal data about pathogenic microorganisms in adults with bronchiectasis. Therefore a study was undertaken to assess the microbiologic profile over time in bronchiectasis.A prospective study of clinical and microbiologic outcomes was performed. Subjects were assessed by a respiratory physician and sputum sample were collected for analysis. Subjects were followed up and had repeat assessment performed.Eighty-nine subjects were followed up for a period of 5.7±3.6 years. On initial assessment the two most common pathogens isolated were Haemophilus influenzae (47%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%) whilst 21% had no pathogens isolated. On follow-up review results were similar (40% H. influenzae, 18% P. aeruginosa and 26% no pathogens). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance of isolates increased from 13% to 30%. Analysis of a series of H. influenzae isolates showed they were nearly all nontypeable and all were different subtypes. Subjects with no pathogens isolated from their sputum had the mildest disease, while subjects with P. aeruginosa had the most severe bronchiectasis.Many subjects with bronchiectasis are colonized with the same bacterium over an average follow-up of 5 years. Different pathogens are associated with different patterns of clinical disease

Improving question formulation for use in evidence appraisal in a tertiary care setting: a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN66375463]

BACKGROUND: The specificity of clinical questions is gauged by explicit descriptions of four dimensions: subjects, interventions, comparators and outcomes of interest. This study determined whether adding simple instructions and examples on clinical question formulation would increase the specificity of the submitted question compared to using a standard form without instructions and examples. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in an evidence-search and appraisal service. New participants were invited to reformulate clinical queries. The Control Group was given no instructions. The Intervention Group was given a brief explanation of proper formulation, written instructions, and diagrammatic examples. The primary outcome was the change in the proportion of reformulated questions that described each the dimensions of specificity. RESULTS: Fifty-two subjects agreed to participate in the trial of which 13 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 17 Intervention Group and 22 Control Group participants were analysed. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Overall, 20% of initially submitted questions from both groups were properly specified (defined as an explicit statement describing all dimensions of specificity). On follow-up, 7/14 questions previously rated as mis-specified in the Intervention Group had all dimensions described at follow-up (p = 0.008) while the Control Group did not show any changes from baseline. Participants in the Intervention Group were also more likely to explicitly describe patients (p = 0.028), comparisons (p = 0.014), and outcomes (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: This trial demonstrated the positive impact of specific instructions on the proportion of properly-specified clinical queries. The evaluation of the long-term impact of such changes is an area of continued research

La demanda de revisión judicial y su incidencia en el procedimiento de ejecución coactiva en el SAT de Lima, 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo investigativo fue explicar de qué manera la presentación de la demanda de revisión judicial incide en el procedimiento de ejecución coactiva en el SAT de Lima, periodo 2021. Teniendo en cuenta el objetivo señalado, se recurrió al enfoque cualitativo, por ser el más apropiado para describir las categorías objeto de estudio, utilizando técnicas como la entrevista y análisis documental aplicado a la doctrina y jurisprudencia. El tipo de investigación es básico, toda vez que es una investigación teórica, limitándonos a describir si se afecta el procedimiento coactivo con la presentación de la demanda de revisión; el diseño investigativo corresponde a una teoría fundamentada, dado que se buscó probar los supuestos planteados. Los resultados encontrados nos permitieron establecer que la interposición de la demanda de revisión judicial incide en el procedimiento de ejecución coactiva, paralizando su continuación, además que levanta inmediatamente las medidas cautelares trabadas por el ejecutor. Se concluyó que este mecanismo legal de la demanda de revisión judicial, no ha sido objeto de mayor desarrollo, existiendo vacíos legales, el mismo que está siendo desnaturalizado y utilizado por los obligados para desvincularse del procedimiento y liberar sus fondos, afectando los ingresos de la entidad recaudadora

Efecto del tiempo de agitación, dosificación de tiourea y cianuro de sodio como agentes lixiviantes sobre la recuperación de oro en un mineral oxidado de Ayacucho

El presente estudio de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del tiempo de agitación, dosificación de cianuro de sodio y tiourea como agentes lixiviantes sobre la recuperación de oro de un mineral oxidado de Ayacucho. El estudio experimental se realizó mediante lixiviación por agitación en botellas, la cantidad de pruebas experimentales fue de 24, utilizando mineral oxidado con una ley de 5,33 g/TM de Au, por lo cual se busca recuperar el porcentaje de Au a través de dos agentes lixiviantes, Tiourea y Cianuro de Sodio, las pruebas se determinaron con dosificaciones de 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L y 2 g/L y con tiempo de agitación de 12, 24, 36, 48 horas, aplicado para cada agente lixiviante. Los mejores resultados han sido obtenidos con la dosificación de cianuro de sodio de 2 g/L y el tiempo de agitación de 48 horas la mayor recuperación fue de 95.757 % de Au; así mismo con la dosificación de tiourea de 2 g/L y tiempo de 48 horas la máxima recuperación fue de 62.758 % de Au. Cabe recalcar que no hay mucha bibliografía relacionada al tema de lixiviación de óxidos por lo que la presente tesis servirá de línea base para investigaciones futuras relacionadas a la lixiviación

Does Interpersonal Psychotherapy improve clinical care for adolescents with depression attending a rural child and adolescent mental health service? Study protocol for a cluster randomised feasibility trial

Background: Depression amongst adolescents is a costly societal problem. Little research documents the effectiveness of public mental health services in mapping this problem. Further, it is not clear whether usual care in such services can be improved via clinician training in a relevant evidence based intervention. One such intervention, found to be effective and easily learned amongst novice clinicians, is Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT). The study described in the current paper has two main objectives. First, it aims to investigate the impact on clinical care of implementing Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents for the treatment of adolescent depression within a rural mental health service compared with Treatment as Usual (TAU). The second objective is to record the process and challenges (i.e. feasibility, acceptability, sustainability) associated with implementing and evaluating an evidence-based intervention within a community service. This paper outlines the study rationale and design for this community based research trial.Methods/design: The study involves a cluster randomisation trial to be conducted within a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in rural Australia. All clinicians in the service will be invited to participate.&nbsp; Participating clinicians will be randomised via block design at each of four sites to (a) training and delivery of IPT, or (b) TAU. The primary measure of impact on care will be a clinically significant change in depressive&nbsp; symptomatology, with secondary outcomes involving treatment satisfaction and changes in other symptomatology. Participating adolescents with significant depressive symptomatology, aged 12 to 18 years, will complete assessment measures at Weeks 0, 12 and 24 of treatment. They will also complete a depression inventory once a month during that period. This study aims to recruit 60 adolescent participants and their parent/guardian/s. A power analysis is not indicated as an intra-class correlation coefficient will be calculated and used to inform sample size calculations for subsequent large-scale trials. Qualitative data regarding process implementation will be collected quarterly from focus groups with participating clinicians over 18 months, plus phone interviews with participating adolescents and parent/guardians at 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment. The focus group qualitative data will be analysed using a Fourth Generation Evaluation methodology that includes a constant comparative cyclic analysis method.Discussion: This study protocol will be informative for researchers and clinicians interested in considering, designing and/or conducting cluster randomised trials within community practice such as mental health services.<br /

Planeamiento estratégico para la región Arequipa

El presente trabajo desarrolla el plan estratégico de la región Arequipa, región con alto potencial por desarrollar, representado principalmente por sus recursos turísticos y ubicación estratégica, aspectos que mediante un adecuado plan de desarrollo en infraestructura podrían generar un mayor dinamismo económico. La metodología utilizada para la formulación de este plan estratégico consideró el Modelo Secuencial del Proceso Estratégico desarrollado por el profesor Fernando D`Alessio. Para ello se verificó información bibliográfica disponible a partir de la cual se pudo conocer la situación actual de la región de Arequipa, de forma posterior, se efectuó un análisis externo e interno, con el propósito de establecer objetivos de corto y largo plazo los cuales se llevarán a cabo mediante la formulación, implementación y evaluación de estrategias, con el fin de alcanzar la visión planteada, para que en el 2028 Arequipa sea una de las primeras regiones en el Perú en el ranking de productividad medido por el PBI que represente un modelo en Latinoamérica, ofreciendo dinamismo agropecuario, textil y turístico, generando empleo digno y permitiendo incrementar los pilares de competitividad, economía, gobierno e infraestructura. El cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados a corto y largo plazo permitirá alcanzar el logro de la visión mediante la aplicación del presente plan estratégico, la región de Arequipa se consolidará como un modelo referencial para la economía nacional y mundial, y servirá como referencia para el accionar de medidas y políticas y alcanzar mayor bienestar de la población.This work develops the strategic plan of the region of Arequipa, a region with a high potential to develop, mainly represented by the strategical location and tourism factors, which could be better exploited through an effective infrastructure could generate greater economic dynamism. The methodology used to formulate this strategic plan has been based on the Sequential Model of the Strategic Process developed by Professor Fernando D´Alessio. To this end, bibliographic information based on reliable sources was reviewed, from which the current situation of the region could be known. After that, an external and internal analysis was carried out to establish short and long term objectives which will be carried out carried out through the formulation, implementation and evaluation of strategies, in order to achieve the desired vision, that by 2028 region of Arequipa can be considered as one of most important cities and as a reference for Latin America, which will allow promoting the most important economic activities such as tourism, gastronomy, between others. The achievement of the vision will depend on the fulfillment of the short and longterm objectives, through the application of this strategic plan, the region de Arequipa will be consolidated as a fundamental actor of the national and global economy, and will serve as a reference for the action of measures and policies and achieve greater welfare of the population.Tesi

Low Iodine Nutrition Knowledge in Chinese Breastfeeding Women despite Adequate Iodine Status

There has been a scarcity of evidence about iodine nutrition knowledge among women during pregnancy and lactation. The aim of this study was to determine women’s iodine knowledge and the relationship between knowledge and iodine status during pregnancy and lactation. Women were recruited from a hospital in the western part of China in the third trimester of pregnancy and followed until the end of the first week of lactation. The women’s iodine status was measured by their urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and an iodine-specific, validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Iodine nutrition knowledge was assessed using an iodine nutrition knowledge questionnaire. A total of 200 women (mean age of 29.0 ± 4.2 years) completed the whole study. The majority of the women did not consume enough iodine during both pregnancy and lactation (231.89 vs. 237.26 µg/day). The overall mean iodine knowledge scores in our sample of women during pregnancy and lactation were 4.77 and 4.87, indicating low iodine knowledge. The use of iodized salt and a higher education level were significantly associated with an increased iodine knowledge score. In conclusion, this study reported poor iodine nutrition knowledge in women, highlighting a public health concern. Therefore, the iodine knowledge of women should be improved, possibly via maternal health campaigns to avoid the consequences of iodine deficiency disorders in newborns.</jats:p