El tratamiento de los costos según las disciplinas intervinientes: el caso de los costos agropecuarios

Este trabajo fue aceptado para su presentación en el VIII Congreso del IIC (Instituto Internacional de Costos) y I Congreso de AURCO (Asociación Uruguaya de Costos): “Nuevos desafíos de la gestión empresarial ante un mundo globalizado y competitivo”, Punta del Este – Uruguay, noviembre 2003.Las estimaciones de costos fluctúan debido a que el abordaje que hace cada disciplina orienta al estudio de los mismos de acuerdo al recorte que hace cada especialidad. Como resultado, en su ámbito de actuación, cada profesional de acuerdo a su formación aplica distintas metodologías en el sector que le compete, originando una división conceptual-práctica entre disciplinas. Partiendo de esta realidad, el trabajo tiene como objetivos en una primera parte, explicitar las diferencias entre los marcos conceptuales y metodológicos de la Economía y Contabilidad ya que se considera que estas ciencias son las que brindan el contexto para una teoría y práctica general de costos aplicable a cualquier sector, cualquiera sea el profesional interviniente. El fin es lograr un mayor entendimiento entre los profesionales involucrados de las distintas disciplinas brindando un marco teórico común que sirva para corregir y mejorar las estimaciones de costos agropecuarios para luego sí en trabajos posteriores poder lograr un enfoque interdisciplinario para el abordaje de los mismos. La segunda parte analiza el tratamiento actual de los costos agropecuarios en nuestro país, la metodología empleada y los rasgos particulares que posee con respecto a las disciplinas tradicionales. Los enfoques disímiles aplicados al sector de producción primaria y, básicamente al sector de producción industrial son los que han motivado este trabajo que en vistas de ser la temática objeto de estudio compartida y abarcada por distintas profesiones y ciencias, la interdisciplina se convierte en una necesidad evidente.Instituto de EconomíaFil: Justo, Alicia Mabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Economía; ArgentinaFil: Villanova, Ingrid. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Economía; Argentin

Two-phase microalgae cultivation for RAS water remediation and high-value biomass production

The overall goal of this study was to provide solutions to innovative microalgae-based technology for wastewater remediation in a cold-water recirculating marine aquaculture system (RAS). This is based on the novel concept of integrated aquaculture systems in which fish nutrient-rich rearing water will be used for microalgae cultivation. The produced biomass can be used as fish feed, while the cleaned water can be reused, to create a highly eco-sustainable circular economy. Here, we tested three microalgae species Nannochloropis granulata (Ng), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt), and Chlorella sp (Csp) for their ability to remove nitrogen and phosphate from the RAS wastewater and simultaneously produce high-value biomass, i.e., containing amino acids (AA), carotenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A high yield and value of biomass were achieved for all species in a two-phase cultivation strategy: i) a first phase using a medium optimized for best growth (f/2 14x, control); ii) a second "stress" phase using the RAS wastewater to enhance the production of high-value metabolites. Ng and Pt performed best in terms of biomass yield (i.e., 5-6 g of dry weight, DW.L-1) and efficient cleaning of the RAS wastewater from nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate (i.e., 100% removal). Csp produced about 3 g L-1 of DW and reduced efficiently only nitrate, and phosphate (i.e., about 76% and 100% removal, respectively). The biomass of all strains was rich in protein (30-40 % of DW) containing all the essential AA except Methionine. The biomass of all three species was also rich in PUFAs. Finally, all tested species are excellent sources of antioxidant carotenoids, including fucoxanthin (Pt), lutein (Ng and Csp) and & beta;-carotene (Csp). All tested species in our novel two-phase cultivation strategy thus showed great potential to treat marine RAS wastewater and provide sustainable alternatives to animal and plant proteins with extra added values

La floricultura en el área del Gran Rosario

El trabajo se organiza de la siguiente manera: en el primer apartado se caracterizan los sistemas productivos desde el 2001 a la fecha; en el segundo se hace mención al viverismo en la región; y finalmente, en el tercer apartado, se analiza la comercialización florícola en el área. Como cierre (último apartado) se delinea una breve reseña histórica de lo acontecido con la actividad florícola en el área bajo estudio.Fil: Zuliani, Susana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Qüesta, Teresa Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Casella, Eduardo. Asesor Privado; ArgentinaFil: Villanova, Ingrid. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

La Red de Viveros de Plantas Nativas de Argentina (REVINA): Una perspectiva etnobotánica para fortalecer la restauración de ecosistemas en la Argentina

La Red de Viveros de Plantas Nativas de Argentina (REVINA) vincula a diferentes actores sociales involucrados en producir plantas nativas, en ponerlas en valor y en restaurar los ecosistemas de la Argentina. Fortalecer la red es fundamental para cumplir con las metas de restauración del país, teniendo en cuenta que la comunidad de viveristas generará las especies de plantas que serán los insumos primordiales de los proyectos de restauración. En este trabajo se estudió la red de viveros de plantas nativas, la comunidad de viveristas y las plantas que éstos producen, con el fin de fortalecer los proyectos de restauración en nuestro país a través de relevar los participantes de los encuentros anuales de la REVINA entre 2016 y 2020. Observamos que la red ha crecido notablemente desde su creación, lo cual refleja que el interés por las plantas nativas ha aumentado en los últimos años. En su mayoría, las especies vegetales que se cultivan en los viveros pertenecen a la familia Fabaceae, son leñosas, y presentan un sesgo fuerte hacia especies del centro-este del país, en consonancia con el número de viveros que se concentra en esa región. La mayor parte de los viveros tiene una producción pequeña, aunque a lo largo de los años se sumaron viveros productores de mayor tamaño. La perspectiva utilizada permitió obtener una primera lista de viveros de plantas nativas y de las especies que éstos cultivan. Finalmente, se proponen algunos aspectos a mejorar para fortalecer esta red de actores y así cumplir con las iniciativas de restauración del país.The Argentine Native Plant Nursery Network (REVINA) links different social actors involved in native plant production, their valorization and the restoration of Argentina’s ecosystems. It is essential to strengthen the network in order to meet the country’s restoration goals, considering that the nursery community will generate the plant species that will be the primary inputs for restoration projects. In this paper we study the native plant nursery network, the nursery community and the plants they produce, in order to strengthen restoration projects in Argentina through the survey of the participants of the annual meetings of the REVINA in the period 2016-2020. We observed the network has grown remarkably since its creation, reflecting the increasing interest in native plants in recent years. Most of the plant species grown in the nurseries belonged to the Fabaceae family, are woody, and show a strong bias towards species from the centre-east of the country, in line with the number of nurseries concentrated in that region. A great number of nurseries have a small production, although, over the years, larger nurseries joined the network. The perspective used allowed us to obtain a first list of native plant nurseries and the species they cultivate. Finally, some aspects are proposed in order to strengthen this network of actors and thus be able to fulfill the restoration initiatives of the country.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura FamiliarFil: Lacoretz, Mariela V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional; ArgentinaFil: Lacoretz, Mariela V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Lacoretz, Mariela V. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Villanova, Ingrid. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Marcela Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Verrastro, España. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Secretaría de Extensión. Coordinación de Programas Socioambientales; ArgentinaFil: Cristiano, Piedad María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional; ArgentinaFil: Cristiano, Piedad María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Cristiano, Piedad María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

The role of lifestyle change in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD

Healthy habits in terms of food intake and physical activity are first-line approach to prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but difficulties arise in turning attempts into practice. Independently of the specific role of individual nutrients, not universally proven, overweight, obesity and diabetes are the specific conditions most frequently associated with hepatic fat accumulation. Accordingly, weight loss is mandatory in the majority of patients; this can be achieved by dietary restriction, but is rarely maintained in the long-term. Physical activity programs, both aerobic and resistance exercise may improve cardiorespiratory fitness, reduce the multiple conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome and help weight loss maintenance. However, motivating sedentary individuals to move is difficult and is favored by structured programs carried out along the lines of cognitive-behavior therapy. The role of behavior therapy is now supported by pilot studies, observational studies and finally by a randomized controlled study with histological outcomes. In the future, behavior interventions might be supported by important technological advances, such as smart phone technology and web-based platforms to facilitate interactive engagement amongst patients and with their health care providers. Lifestyle programs must also incorporate methods of overcoming barriers to accessing health service, engaging with workplace health programs and linking with community attempts to improve public health

Imaging voids and defects inside Li-ion cathode LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 single crystals

Li-ion battery cathode active materials obtained from different sources or preparation methods often exhibit broadly divergent performance and stability, despite no obvious differences in morphology, purity, and crystallinity. We show how state-of-theart, commercial, nominally single crystalline LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC-622) particles possess extensive internal nanostructure even in the pristine state. Scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy reveals the presence of interlayer strain gradients and crystal bending attributed to oxygen vacancies. Phase contrast X-ray nano-tomography detects substantial quantities of nano-voids hidden inside the bulk

Imaging Voids and Defects Inside Li-Ion Cathode LiNi_0.6Mn_0.2Co_0.2O₂ Single Crystals

Li-ion battery cathode active materials obtained from different sources or preparation methods often exhibit broadly divergent performance and stability despite no obvious differences in morphology, purity, and crystallinity. We show how state-of-the-art, commercial, nominally single crystalline LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC-622) particles possess extensive internal nanostructure even in the pristine state. Scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy reveals the presence of interlayer strain gradients, and crystal bending is attributed to oxygen vacancies. Phase contrast X-ray nano-tomography reveals two different kinds of particles, welded/aggregated, and single crystal like, and emphasizes the intra- and interparticle heterogeneities from the nano- to the microscale. It also detects within the imaging resolution (100 nm) substantial quantities of nanovoids hidden inside the bulk of two-thirds of the overall studied particles (around 3000), with an average value of 12.5%v per particle and a mean size of 148 nm. The powerful combination of both techniques helps prescreening and quantifying the defective nature of cathode material and thus anticipating their performance in electrode assembly/battery testing

Cognitive-behavioral treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A propensity score-adjusted observational study

The effectiveness of cognitive-behavior treatment (CBT) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), largely related to overweight/obesity and considered the hepatic expression of the metabolic syndrome (MS), has so far been tested in very limited samples. In a tertiary referral center, consecutively observed NAFLD subjects were offered a CBT program aimed at weight loss and increased physical activity, based on 13 group sessions; 68 cases entered the treatment protocol, those who refused (n = 82) were given recommendations for diet and physical activity. Treatment goals (weight loss >= 7% initial body weight, normalization of liver enzymes, and improved parameters of MS) were tested by logistic regression at 6 months (all cases) and at 2 years, both on intention-to-treat and in completers (Diet, 78; CBT, 65). The results were adjusted for the propensity score of attending the CBT program, based on civil, anthropometric and clinical variables. At baseline the CBT group had a larger prevalence of obesity and more severe insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)). At follow-up, CBT was associated with a higher probability of weight loss and normal liver enzymes (6-month: odds ratio (OR), 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-5.69; 2-year intention-to-treat: OR, 3.57, 95% CI, 1.59-8.00), after adjustment for propensity and changes in body weight. A similar trend was observed in the outcome goals of insulin resistance and the score of MS, which were both reduced. In conclusion, subjects with NAFLD participating in a CBT program significantly improve their general and liver parameters. The beneficial effects are largely maintained at 2-year follow-up, in keeping with the lifestyle-related pathogenesis of disease