Ataques informáticos a la infraestructura crítica del sector eléctrico en Colombia.

Los ataques a la infraestructura crítica del sector eléctrico colombiano aún no han tenido pronunciamiento oficial de parte de las entidades gubernamentales que manejan dichos activos. En el último foro de riesgos 2018 “RIMS” celebrado en México el funcionario encargado para hacer la presentación por parte del sector eléctrico colombiano dio a conocer la política de seguridad nacional colombiana del sector eléctrico contra los ataques del ciberespacio, sin referirse puntualmente a un ataque en especial. En este trabajo se presenta un enfoque internacional de los ataques que se han registrado a través de la historia Stuxnet, DragonFly, BlackEnergy, Industroyer y que sirve de guía para abordar este riesgo latente en nuestro sistema interconectado nacional “SIN”. Como tema especial tratado en este documento y dada la gran acogida y aceptación dentro de la ingeniería colombiana del estándar IEC 61850 en las arquitecturas de los sistemas de automatización de subestaciones eléctricas, se hizo un estudio detallado del contenido del estándar en sus 10 capítulos y se estructuró una implementación para subestación de alta tensión abordando los conceptos necesarios para su comprensión, adicionalmente todas las ideas aquí presentadas tratan de correlacionar el ataque realizado en Ucrania en el año 2016 con los protocolos de comunicación que se están utilizando en Colombia, entre ellos el OPC y el estándar IEC 61850.Attacks on the critical infrastructure of the Colombian electricity sector have not yet had an official pronouncement from the government entities that handle such assets. In the last risk forum 2018 "RIMS" held in Mexico, the official in charge of making the presentation by the Colombian electricity sector announced the national security policy of the Colombian electricity sector against cyber-attacks, without referring to a specific special attack. This paper presents an international approach to the attacks that have been recorded throughout history Stuxnet, DragonFly, BlackEnergy, Industroyer and that serves as a guide to address this latent risk in our national interconnected system "SIN". As a special topic discussed in this document and given the great acceptance and acceptance within Colombian engineering of the IEC 61850 standard in the architecture of the electrical substation automation systems, a detailed study was made of the content of the standard in its 10 chapters and I structure an implementation for high voltage substation addressing the concepts necessary for its understanding, additionally all the ideas presented here try to correlate the attack carried out in Ukraine in 2016 with the communication protocols that are being used in Colombia, among them the OPC and the IEC 61850

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamento de Boyacá, Municipios de Tunja, Duitama y San Eduardo

Desde el reconocimiento de diversos contextos de violencia generados por el conflicto armado y otros tipos de violencia, se realizó el análisis y comprensión de sus relatos y realidades, la interpretación de las subjetividades inmersas en cada uno de ellos, identificando los emergentes psicosociales, los elementos simbólicos, el impacto bio-psico-socio cultural, sus manifestaciones resilientes y recursos de afrontamiento entre otros, a partir de esta revisión y con el análisis de casos de la comisión de la verdad, se genera una propuesta de entrevista para el protagonista de un caso seleccionado, aplicando preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas, que de manera conveniente y pertinente desde el campo psicosocial, permitan desde el enfoque narrativo facilitar la conexión de la historia con las emociones y de esta manera facilitar el apoyo y la transformación de su identidad de víctima a sobreviviente, seguidamente desde el análisis del caso Masacre en El Salado: relatos de resiliencia después de 20 años, tomando la narrativa como herramienta para el abordaje psicosocial, se proponen tres estrategias que potencien los recursos de afrontamiento hacia la construcción de historias transformadoras. Así mismo, con el objetivo de hacer tangible y provocar la sensibilidad, el aprendizaje y la comprensión de la realidad desde el quehacer psicosocial, con la utilización de la herramienta foto – voz, se plasma un recorrido por cuatro contextos de violencia en el departamento de Boyacá, que dieran cuenta de las huellas de la violencia generada por el conflicto armado en Colombia.From the recognition of various contexts of violence generated by the armed conflict and other types of violence, an analysis and understanding of their narratives and realities was carried out, interpreting the subjectivities immersed in each of them, identifying psychosocial emergents, symbolic elements, the bio-psychosocial-cultural impact, their resilient manifestations, and coping resources, among others. Based on this review and with the analysis of cases from the truth commission, a proposed interview is generated for the protagonist of a selected case, applying circular, reflective, and strategic questions that are convenient and relevant from the psychosocial field, allowing, from a narrative approach, the connection of the story with emotions, and thus facilitating support and the transformation of their identity from victim to survivor. Subsequently, based on the analysis of the case "Masacre en El Salado: relatos de resiliencia después de 20 años" (Massacre in El Salado: resilience narratives after 20 years), taking the narrative as a tool for psychosocial approach, three strategies are proposed that enhance coping resources towards the construction of transformative stories. Also, with the aim of making tangible and provoking sensitivity, learning, and understanding of reality from a psychosocial perspective, a journey is documented using the photo-voice tool through four contexts of violence in the department of Boyacá, which reflect the traces of violence generated by the armed conflict in Colombia

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celula

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celula

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia

Confluences: traditions, music and contexts

Las prácticas artísticas en nuestro país y los movimientos y ciclos del mercado trasnacional, han venido determinado algunas formas y modos de ejercer el oficio de la música, sea desde las propuestas individuales o grupales así como desde lo particular y global que éstas puedan ser. La reincidencia y los motores de transformación de esta praxis musical se ha ido ejerciendo como una mezcla entre los procesos interpretativos y compositivos que integran la manera como las músicas populares regionales, conocidas como de ´tradición oral´, se hacen en su cotidianidad y los lenguajes urbanos que revelan múltiples modos de estructurar propuestas sonoras donde lo escrito, lo oído y lo interpretativo se conjugan a manera de un sincretismo performativo.Artistic practices in our country and the movements and cycles of the transnational market have determined some ways and means of exercising the trade of music, be it from individual or group proposals as well as from how particular and global they may be. The recidivism and transformation engines of this musical praxis has been exercised as a mixture between the interpretive and compositional processes that integrate the way in which regional popular music, known as "oral tradition", is made in its daily life and the languages urban that reveal multiple ways of structuring sound proposals where the written, the heard and the interpretative are conjugated in the manner of a performative syncretism

Time-dependent analysis of extra length of stay and mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive-care units of ten limited-resources countries: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)

Ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) are a worldwide problem that significantly increases patient morbidity, mortality, and length of stay (LoS), and their effects should be estimated to account for the timing of infection. The purpose of the study was to estimate extra LoS and mortality in an intensive-care unit (ICU) due to a VAP in a cohort of 69 248 admissions followed for 283 069 days in ICUs from 10 countries. Data were arranged according to the multi-state format. Extra LoS and increased risk of death were estimated independently in each country, and their results were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. VAP prolonged LoS by an average of 2.03 days (95% CI 1.52-2.54 days), and increased the risk of death by 14% (95% CI 2-27). The increased risk of death due to VAP was explained by confounding with patient morbidity

Correction to: Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: GLORIA-AF Registry

International audienceIn this article, the name of the GLORIA-AF investigator Anastasios Kollias was given incorrectly as Athanasios Kollias in the Acknowledgements. The original article has been corrected