Comunidad de retiro para adultos mayores

El presente trabajo de Fin de Carrera está sustentado por una previa investigación que se propone abordar los principales temas relacionados con la zona de implantación del proyecto, en la parroquia de Tumbaco del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. Una vez realizada esta investigación general, se propone crear una comunidad de retiro para adultos mayores (CRAM), que pretende ser un espacio para el cuidado de personas sobre los 65 años de edad, espacio en el cual puedan disponer de una buena calidad de vida sin perder su independencia, hacer actividades tanto físicas como intelectuales de acuerdo a sus intereses, necesidades y capacidades. Es decir, un espacio privado muy cercano a lo que podría ser su hogar....

Plan de negocios torre Seis.

The building “Torre seis” is developed in a land of 832m2, is located in Avenida 6 de Diciembre y Carrión. It is a commercial building of 51 departments, 6 offices and the 3 premises, these last ones located in the ground floor. In addition it has communal areas of high level and garage parkers for the inhabitants as for the visits. The stimates values of sales projected are to 5.120.000, 00 dollars and it is considered to sell all in 24 months.El Proyecto Torre seis se desarrolla en un terreno de 832m2, está ubicado en la Avenida 6 de Diciembre y Calle Gerónimo Carrión. Es un edificio de 51 departamentos, 6 oficinas y 3 locales comerciales, estos últimos ubicados en la planta baja. Además posee áreas comunales de alto nivel y parqueaderos tanto para los habitantes como para las visitas en los subsuelos. El estimado de ventas proyectado asciende a 5.120.000,00 dólares y se estima vender todos los inmuebles en 24 meses

Características morfométricas de órganos linfoides y estudios serológicos en levante de ponedoras utilizando un inmunomodulador, vitaminas y aminoácidos

The first target organ damaged by infectious bursa virus disease (ibvd) is the bursa, manifested in severe depletion of the B cells. However, this depletion depends on the regions of the lymphoid organs involved in the infection. Based on the existing relationship between the morphometry of the lymphoid organs and the inmunocompetence of the birds, it is interesting to observe possible effects from immunomodulators, vitamins and amino acids on the immune response for Gumboro(ibd) disease. In the lymphoid organs (swindle, spleen and bursa), the following parameters were evaluated until the first 8 weeks of age: weight of the bird, weight of each organ and serology for the Gumboro entity at 5 and 9 weeks. They were divided into 2 groups with the same handling (accommodation, feed and environment), but with different treatments. Group A (test J8), consisting of 55,062 birds, was given an immunomodulators during the first 3 days of life and 2 days after each application of the Gumboro vaccine. The vitamins and amino acids were administered from the fourth to the sixth day and 2 days following the change in food (pre-initiation and initiation phases). Group B (Control j7), consisting of 55,484 birds, was administered liver protector. Serological samples were taken at 5 and 9 weeks of age. In conclusion, the use of the immunomodulator, vitamins and amino acids during the reception protocol produces benefits observed in better consumption, weight, uniformity and proper development of the immune system.El primer órgano blanco que lesiona el virus de la enfermedad infecciosa de la bolsa (IBDV) es la bolsa de Fabricio, que manifiesta una depleción severa de las células B. Fundamentados en la relación existente entre la morfometría de los órganos linfoides y la inmunocompetencia de las aves, es de interés observar la acción que pueden ejercer los inmunomoduladores, vitaminas y aminoácidos en la respuesta inmune para la enfermedad de Gumboro (IBD). En los órganos linfoides (timo, bazo y bolsa de Fabricio) se evaluaron hasta las primeras ocho semanas de edad los siguientes parámetros: peso del ave, peso de cada órgano y serologías para la entidad de Gumboro a cinco y nueve semanas. Se dividieron en dos grupos con el mismo manejo (alojamiento, alimentación y ambiente), pero con tratamientos diferentes. El grupo A (prueba J8), con 55.062 aves, recibió inmunomodulador los tres primeros días de vida y los dos días posteriores a cada una de las aplicaciones de la vacuna de Gumboro. Las vitaminas y aminoácidos se administraron del cuarto al sexto día de vida y dos días posteriores al cambio de alimento (fase de preiniciación e iniciación). Al grupo B (control J7), con 55.484 aves, se administró protector hepático; para los dos grupos se tomaron muestras serológicas a cinco y nueve semanas de edad. En conclusión, el uso del inmunomodulador, vitaminas y aminoácidos durante el protocolo de recepción presenta beneficios que se pueden observar en el mejor consumo, peso, uniformidad y buen desarrollo del sistema inmune

Temporal variation in black-caiman-nest predation in varzea of central Brazilian amazonia

On the Amazon floodplain, the main predators of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) eggs are jaguars (Panthera onca), tegu lizards (Tupinambis teguixim), capuchin monkeys (Sapajus macrocephalus) and humans (Homo sapiens). In this study, we investigated the relationship between predator attacks on nests and incubation period, and evaluated the influence of initial predation on subsequent predation in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve. We also evaluated the influence of presence of females near the nests and manipulation of nests on the occurrence of attacks. We compared results from data obtained with camera traps and vestiges left by predators on estimates of rates of predation by different predators. Egg predation was recorded in 32% of the 658 black caiman nests monitored during two years. Our results suggest that the probability of predation on black caiman eggs is relatively constant throughout the incubation period and that predation on eggs was lower when adults, presumably females, were present. Careful opening of nests and handling of eggs did not increase the number of attacks on black caiman nests. Nest opening by a predator appeared to increase the chances of a subsequent attack because most of the attacks on nests occurred soon after a predator first opened the nest. However, attacks by another species of predator do not appear to be necessary to initiate attacks by any other species of predator. Results based on camera traps and vestiges differed, but use of vestiges was adequate for identifying the principal predators on eggs in black caiman nests and, in many circumstances, the vestiges may be better for estimating predation by humans. In this study, opening nests and handling eggs did not increase the number of attacks on black caiman nests. © 2017 Torralvo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Intraspecific variation in the skull morphology of the black caiman Melanosuchus niger (Alligatoridae, Caimaninae)

Melanosuchus niger is a caimanine alligatorid widely distributed in the northern region of South America. This species has been the focus of several ecological, genetic and morphological studies. However, morphological studies have generally been limited to examination of interspecific variation among extant species of South American crocodylians. Here, we present the first study of intraspecific variation in the skull of M. niger using a two-dimensional geometric morphometric approach. The crania of 52 sexed individuals varying in size were analysed to quantify shape variation and to assign observed shape changes to different types of intraspecific variation, that is, ontogenetic variation and sexual dimorphism. Most of the variation in this species is ontogenetic variation in snout length, skull depth, orbit size and the width of the postorbital region. These changes are correlated with bite force performance and probably dietary changes. However, a comparison with previous functional studies reveals that functional adaptations during ontogeny seem to be primarily restricted to the postrostral region, whereas rostral shape changes are more related to dietary shifts. Furthermore, the skulls of M. niger exhibit a sexual dimorphism, which is primarily size-related. The presence of non-size-related sexual dimorphism has to be tested in future examinations.Fil: Foth, Christian. Ludwig Maximilians University; AlemaniaFil: Bona, Paula. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Desojo, Julia Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; Argentin

Evolución de la política de suelo para la reducción del riesgo de deslizamientos en Quito

Quito's 2011 urban plan incorporated the zoning "Landslide Risk Zones", banning new buildings. This policy, with weak technical backing, had inaccuracies that impacted households’ safety and their economies. After ten years of implementation and reforms, this policy still does not solve the problem. This analysis proposes lessons for the future and for similar contexts. This case study reviewed plans, urban regulations, and municipal studies on landslide risk since 1990. This input was triangulated with interviews with municipal officials and the analysis of land management data. To contrast this, layers of risk zones, the 2005-2017 period events, and areas highly susceptible to landslides were spatially overlaid. For ten years, 81% (644 hectares) of highly hazardous areas were not protected as risk zones, leaving risk generation unchecked. Conversely, 25% (218 hectares) of the risk zone area did not present high susceptibility to landslides, affecting landowners. Recently, the 2021 urban plan updated an affectation layer of 260 thousand hectares of the highest landslide-susceptible areas in Metropolitan Quito, where only 27% of the 2005-2017 events coincided with this highest landslide-susceptible areas. This latest plan opens the possibility of specifying preventive planning with planning instruments for smaller territory scales, and a master plan for risk management is expected. The 2011 zoning for landslide risk prevention, the objective of which was landslide risk reduction, had inaccuracies that left territories with high landslide-susceptibility unprotected, and affected the owners of risk-free properties. Although there were mid-term studies with better results, the policy was not updated until 2021. However, the new layer barely covers 27% of the damaged sites, and future plans of smaller city scales are scheduled to detail the risk zoning, while more events continue to occur, with extreme climatic variability becoming more frequent.En el plan urbanístico de Quito de 2011 se incorporó la zonificación “zonas de riesgo por deslizamiento”, prohibiendo nuevas edificaciones. Esta política, con débil sustento técnico, tuvo imprecisiones con impactos en la seguridad de las familias, afectando sus economías. Tras diez años de aplicación y reformas aún no solventa el problema. Ante tal situación, este análisis propone aprendizajes para futuros contextos similares. Este estudio de caso revisó planes, regulación urbanística y estudios municipales sobre riesgo de deslizamiento, desde 1990. Se trianguló con entrevistas a funcionarios, y el análisis de datos de gestión territorial. Para contrastar, se sobrepusieron espacialmente las capas de zonas de riesgos, eventos del período 2005-2017 y áreas altamente susceptibles a deslizamientos. Durante diez años, 81% (644 hectáreas) de áreas con alta amenaza de deslizamientos no fueron protegidas como zona de riesgo, liberando la generación de riesgo. Contrariamente, 25% (218 hectáreas) del área zona de riesgo no presentaba alta susceptibilidad a deslizamientos, afectando a propietarios de terrenos con restricción de uso. Recientemente el plan urbanístico del 2021 actualizó como capa de afectación a 260 mil hectáreas de las áreas con alta amenaza de deslizamientos en Quito metropolitano, donde sólo 27% de los eventos 2005-2017 coincidieron con esta alta amenaza de deslizamientos. Este último plan abre la posibilidad de precisar la planificación preventiva con instrumentos de planificación de escalas menores de territorios y se espera un plan maestro de gestión de riesgos. La zonificación 2011 para la prevención de riesgo de deslizamiento, aunque tenía un objetivo de reducción del riesgo, tuvo imprecisiones que desprotegieron territorios con alta amenaza de deslizamientos y afectó a propietarios de terrenos sin riesgo. Aunque hubo mejores estudios en el mediano plazo, la política no se actualizó sino hasta 2021. Sin embargo, la nueva capa apenas cubre el 27% de los sitios siniestrados y se ha programado que planes futuros -de escalas menores de ciudad- precisen la zonificación, pues mientras más eventos sigan ocurriendo, las variabilidades climáticas extremas serán cada vez más frecuentes