950 research outputs found
Intertwined electron-nuclear motion in frustrated double ionization in driven heteronuclear molecules
We study frustrated double ionization in a strongly-driven heteronuclear
molecule HeH and compare with H. We compute the probability
distribution of the sum of the final kinetic energies of the nuclei for
strongly-driven HeH. We find that this distribution has more than one
peak for strongly-driven HeH, a feature we do not find to be present for
strongly-driven H. Moreover, we compute the probability distribution of
the n quantum number of frustrated double ionization. We find that this
distribution has several peaks for strongly-driven HeH, while the
respective distribution has one main peak and a "shoulder" at lower n quantum
numbers for strongly-driven H. Surprisingly, we find this feature to be a
clear signature of the intertwined electron-nuclear motion
Zenith total delay study of a mesoscale convective system : GPS observations and fine-scale modelling
Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) observations and model calculations are used to analyze a mesoscale convective system which yielded a large amount of precipitation over a short period of time in the north-western Mediterranean. ZTD observations are derived from the GPS signal delay whereas the ZTD model results are calculated by means of the MM5 mesoscale model. Large values of the root-mean-square (rms) differences between the ZTD derived from the observations and the modeling are found for the maximum activity of the mesoscale convective system. It appears that the average bias between observations and modeling results is slightly affected (20%) by the passage of the storm system which is associated to the water vapor variability of the atmosphere. We have analyzed the ZTD differences in terms of the two components: the Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD) and the Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD). The hydrostatic error is mainly caused by the differences between the elevation of the GPS stations and the model topography and is reduced when using a more accurate topography data set. We propose a correction for this error assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. The remaining average ZTD difference is associated to the ZWD and is mainly generated by inaccuracies of the mesoscale model to predict the water vapor content during the rainfall event
Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes in Particle Detection
It is well known that avalanche photodiodes operated in the Geiger mode above
the breakdown voltage offer a virtually infinite sensitivity and time accuracy
in the picosecond range that can be used for single photon detection. However,
their performance in particle detection remains still unexplored. In this
contribution, we are going to expose the different steps that we have taken in
order to prove the efficiency of Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes in the
aforementioned field. In particular, we will present an array of pixels of
1mmx1mm fabricated with a standard CMOS technology for characterization in a
test beam.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of LCWS1
Understanding the daily cycle of evapotranspiration: a method to quantify the influence of forcings and feedbacks
A method to analyze the daily cycle of evapotranspiration over land is presented. It quantifies the influence of external forcings, such as radiation and advection, and of internal feedbacks induced by boundary layer, surface layer, and land surface processes on evapotranspiration. It consists of a budget equation for evapotranspiration that is derived by combining a time derivative of the PenmanâMonteith equation with a mixed-layer model for the convective boundary layer. Measurements and model results for days at two contrasting locations are analyzed using the method: midlatitudes (Cabauw, Netherlands) and semiarid (Niamey, Niger). The analysis shows that the time evolution of evapotranspiration is a complex interplay of forcings and feedbacks. Although evapotranspiration is initiated by radiation, it is significantly regulated by the atmospheric boundary layer and the land surface throughout the day. In both cases boundary layer feedbacks enhance the evapotranspiration up to 20 W m-2 h-1. However, in the case of Niamey this is offset by the land surface feedbacks since the soil drying reaches -30 W m-2 h-1. Remarkably, surface layer feedbacks are of negligible importance in a fully coupled system. Analysis of the boundary layer feedbacks hints at the existence of two regimes in this feedback depending on atmospheric temperature, with a gradual transition region in between the two. In the low-temperature regime specific humidity variations induced by evapotranspiration and dry-air entrainment have a strong impact on the evapotranspiration. In the high-temperature regime the impact of humidity variations is less pronounced and the effects of boundary layer feedbacks are mostly determined by temperature variation
Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la Unesco y la discapacidad
La Unesco propugna que la DeclaraciĂłn Universal sobre BioĂ©tica y Derechos Humanos puede y debe ser considerada como un marco de principios y pautas bioĂ©ticas que se deben aplicar, tambiĂ©n, en el tratamiento de las cuestiones de la discapacidad. Este libro aporta claves que permiten a los estados y al resto de agentes implicados adoptar la perspectiva de la diversidad funcional y las capacidades diferenciadas que evite la exclusiĂłn, desde un enfoÂque basado en los derechos humanos
Influence of mismatch on the defects in relaxed epitaxial InGaAs/GaAs(100) films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Thick (âŒ3 ÎŒm) films of InxGa1âxAs grown on GaAs(100) substrates, across the whole composition range, have been examined by transmission electron microscopy and doubleâcrystal xâray diffraction. The results were compared with the observed growth mode of the material determined by in situ reflection highâenergy electron diffraction in the molecular beam epitaxy growth system. The quality of the material degraded noticeably for compositions up to xâŒ0.5 associated with an increased density of dislocations and stacking faults. In contrast, improvements in quality as x approached 1.0 were correlated with the introduction of an increasingly more regular array of edge dislocations
InfecciĂłn por el virus de la leucemia felina (FeLV) y linfomas mediastĂnicos : dos casos clĂnicos
Se describen los hallazgos clĂnicos, radiolĂłgicos y analĂticos en dos casos de gatos menores de dos años, que se presentaron con un cuadro clĂnico de caquexia, vĂłmitos y disnea. En ambos casos las radiografĂas evidenciaron la presencia de masas intratorĂĄcicas; la analĂtica basada en test ELISA para FeLV y FIV y las necropsias efectuadas, parecen demostrar la relaciĂłn existente entre gato joven, FeLV y el desarrollo de masas tumorales mediastĂnicas.The clinical, radiologycal and analytic discovery, are described in two cases of cats under two years of age which were presented with dyspnea, vomiting and caquexia. In both cases the radiographs showed the presence of intrathoracic masses; ELISA test for FeLV and FIV and the necropsy demostrated the relation of young cat and FeLV with the development of mediastinic tumoral masses
Ozone exchange within and above an irrigated Californian orchard
In this study, the canopy effects on the vertical ozone exchange within and above Californian orchard are investigated. We examined the comprehensive dataset obtained from the Canopy Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (CHATS). CHATS typifies a rural central Californian site, with O3 mixing ratios of less than 60âppb and moderate NOx mixing ratios. The CHATS campaign covered a complete irrigation cycle, with our analysis including periods before and after irrigation. Lower O3 mixing ratios were found following irrigation, together with increased wind speeds, decreased air temperatures and increased specific humidity. Friction velocity, sensible heat and gas fluxes above the canopy were estimated using variations on the flux-gradient method, including a method which accounts for the roughness sublayer (RSL). These methods were compared to fluxes derived from observed eddy diffusivities of heat and friction velocity. We found that the use of the RSL parameterization, which accounts for the canopy-induced turbulent mixing above the canopy, resulted in a stronger momentum, heat, and ozone exchange fluxes above this orchard, compared to the method which omits the RSL. This was quantified by the increased friction velocity, heat flux and ozone deposition flux of up to 12, 29, and 35% at 2.5âm above the canopy, respectively. Within the canopy, vertical fluxes, as derived from local gradients and eddy diffusivity of heat, were compared to fluxes calculated using the Lagrangian inverse theory. Both methods showed a presence of vertical flux divergence of friction velocity, heat and ozone, suggesting that turbulent mixing was inefficient in homogenizing the effects driven by local sources and sinks on vertical exchange of those quantities. This weak mixing within the canopy was also corroborated in the eddy diffusivities of friction velocity and heat, which were calculated directly from the observations. Finally, the influence of water stress on the O3 budget was examined by comparing the results prior and after the irrigation. Although the analysis is limited to the local conditions, our in situ measurements indicated differences in the O3 mixing ratio prior and after irrigation during CHATS. We attribute these O3 mixing ratio changes to enhanced biological emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), driven by water stress
Heterogeneity, crosstalk, and targeting of cancer-associated fibroblasts in cholangiocarcinoma
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