Hvernig gengur í skólanum?

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkin

Eru vöðvateygjur gagnlegar?

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenMeðal aðferða sem við sjúkraþjálfarar notum til að bæta líðan skjólstæðinga okkar eru vöðvateygjur. Er óhætt að segja að þessi meðferð sé bæði ævagömul og mikið notuð. Sjúklingar, almenningur sem og íþróttafólk eru hvattir til að nýta sér vöðvateygjur til bættrar heilsu og afreka. Undanfarin ár hafa vaknað spurningar um raunverulegt gildi vöðvateygja og hefur rannsóknum sem tengjast þeim farið fjölgandi. Fannst okkur forvitnilegt að skoða greinar og rannsóknir á þessu sviði

The Settlement of Industrial Disputes in Great Britain

The external phosphorus (P) loading has been halved, but the P content in the water column and the area of anoxic bottoms in Baltic proper has increased during the last 30 years. This can be explained by a temporary internal source of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) that is turned on when the water above the bottom sediment becomes anoxic. A load-response model, explaining the evolution from 1980 to 2005, suggests that the average specific DIP flux from anoxic bottoms in the Baltic proper is about 2.3 g P m(-2) year(-1). This is commensurable with fluxes estimated in situ from anoxic bottoms in the open Baltic proper and from hydrographic data in the deep part of Bornholm Basin. Oxygenation of anoxic bottoms, natural or manmade, may quickly turn off the internal P source from anoxic bottoms. This new P-paradigm should have far-reaching implications for abatement of eutrophication in the Baltic proper.Funding Agencies|Swedish EPA [NV 08/302 F-255-08]</p

A Step towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Life Cycle Cost Analysis of A Hydrogen Refueling Station

This study was aimed to define a methodology based on existing literature and evaluate the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) for a decentralized hydrogen refueling station (HRS) in Halle, Belgium. The results are based on a comprehensive data collection, along with real cost information. The main results indicated that a LCOH of 10.3 €/kg at the HRS can be reached over a lifetime of 20 years, if an average electricity cost of 0.04 €/kWh could be achieved and if the operating hours are maximized. Furthermore, if the initial capital costs can be reduced by 80%, in the case of direct subsidy, the LCOH could even fall to 6.7 €/kg. Keywords: hydrogen; hydrogen refueling station; levelThis study was carried out as a part of the Don Quichote (DQ) project which is co-funded by the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) under the initiative of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) under grant agreement number 303411. The author would like to use the opportunity to thank the project partners for their assistance and for letting this paper become a reality. The project partners are: Hydrogenics, Colruyt, Thinkstep, TUV, Icelandic New Energy, FAST and Waterstofnet. Special thanks to Denis Thomas at Hydrogenics for the input he provided.Peer Reviewe

Musikundervisning för nyanlända elever på språkintroduktionsprogrammet- en studie om musiklärares didaktiska förhållningssätt i mötet med språkintroduktionselever i musikklassrummet

I och med min utbildning till lärare i musik- och svenska som andraspråk vill jag låta dessa ämnesområden sammanfläta i mitt examensarbete. I och med den flyktingström som påverkat hela vårt land har skolsituationen i Sverige förändrats. Antalet nyanlända elever i skolan har ökat och många av dem ska få undervisning i musik. Detta är ett uppdrag som musiklärare inte varit beredda på. Därför är syftet med studien att undersöka hur musiklärare utformar musikundervisning för nyanlända elever på språkintroduktionsprogrammet. Vilka faktorer påverkar utformandet av undervisningen? Hur arbetar musiklärare utifrån ett språkligt perspektiv? Hur kan en sång språkligt bearbetas men också leda till elevers identitetsutveckling? Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. Genom observationer av musikundervisning och intervjuer med musiklärare visar resultaten att många musiklärare upplever uppdragsbeskrivningen som otydlig och att förutsättningarna är dåliga för att bedriva musikundervisning för språkintroduktionselever. Dock ser musiklärarna mötet med språkintroduktionseleverna som berikande och en tillgång för vårt samhälle. Studiens slutsats är att organisationen kring språkintroduktionseleverna verkar behöva förändras för att en likvärdig utbildning ska kunna ges alla elever. Nyckelord: Identitet, musik, nyanlända elever, språkinriktad musikundervisning.In my education, to be a teacher in music and Swedish as a second language, I want these subjects intertwine in my degree project. With increase of refugees in our country, the school situation has changed. The number of new arrivals in school has increased and many of them will be taught in music. This is an assignment that music teacher has not been prepared for. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate how music teachers design their music education for newly arrived students in the language introduction program. What factors influence the design of the teaching? How does music teachers work from a linguistic perspective? How can a song be processed linguistically but also lead to student identity development? The study has a qualitative approach. Through observations of music teaching and interviews with music teachers, the results show that many music teachers experience the assignment description as unclear and that the conditions are bad for conducting a music education for students in the language introduction program. However, the music teachers find the meeting with these students enriching and see them as an asset for our society. The conclusion of the study is that the organization for language introduction students seems to have to change in order for an equivalent education to be given to all students. Keywords: Identity, Language-oriented music education, Music, New arrivals

Delägarna i Snefringe Häradsallmänning - synen på skogens värden

The present study focused on the shareholders (one share equals one mantal in Swedish) among Snefringe häradsallmänning. Snefringe is most easily described as a privately-owned community forest that conducts active forestry. Snefringes present land holdings is approximately 7 800 hectares and the number of shareholders is approximately 540. In 1993 the Swedish parliament decided that Swedish forest policy should consist of two equal goals, one environmental goal and one production goal. Therefore, people´s view and expectations of the forest have changed. At the same time, the forest has become increasingly more important as a renewable resource today. In order to make strategic decisions that don’t create conflicts of interest, it is important to understand the shareholders view and opinions about Snefringe. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the view of the economic, ecological, and social aspects among Snefringe häradsallmännings shareholders. Furthermore, the purpose was to investigate how and which type of information the shareholders want from Snefringe. For data collection, one quantitative method was used in the shape of a questionnaire and one qualitative method was used in the shape of several interviews. The sample distribution for the questionnaire consisted of all the shareholders in Snefringe häradsallmänning. The conclusions of the present study are that the shareholders think that Snefringe should be managed based on the following distribution; 46 percent economical, 30 percent ecological and 24 percent social values. The shareholders with less than a third of a mantal value the economic values lower than the shareholders with several mantal. The shareholders want to receive information about finances and forest management via mail or e-mail. This information should preferably come from the board of Snefringe and the foresters.Denna studie fokuserar på delägarna i Snefringe häradsallmänning. Snefringe är en häradsallmänning som bedriver ett aktivt skogsbruk. Markinnehavet för Snefringe är i dagsläget cirka 7 800 hektar och antalet delägare cirka 540 stycken. År 1993 beslutade riksdagen att den svenska skogspolitiken ska bestå av två jämställda mål, ett miljömål och ett produktionsmål. Således har människors syn och förväntningar på skogen förändrats. Samtidigt har skogen fått en större roll som förnyelsebar resurs i dagens samhälle. För att lättare kunna fatta strategiska beslut, som inte skapar intressekonflikter, är det viktigt att ha en förståelse för delägarnas syn på och åsikter om Snefringe. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att identifiera och jämföra delägarnas i Snefringe häradsallmänning syn på de ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala värdena samt hur de vill få information från Snefringe. För datainsamling användes en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätstudie och en kvalitativ metod i form av en intervjustudie. Urvalet för enkätstudien var samtliga delägare i Snefringe häradsallmänning. I dagsläget tycker delägarna att Snefringe häradsallmänning ska skötas utifrån fördelningen, 46 procent ekonomiska, 30 procent ekologiska och 24 procent sociala värden. Delägarna med mindre än ett tredjedels mantal värderar de ekonomiska värdena lägre än delägarna med fler mantal. Delägarna vill främst få information om ekonomi och skogsskötsel via mejl eller post. Denna information ska helst komma från styrelse och förvaltare

Cervicofascial subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following routine restorative dentistry--two case reports

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Allur texti - Full textAlthough a well-known complication of dental treatment, cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema is uncommon, especially with co-existing pneumomediastinum. This complication is usually attributed to high-speed air-driven handpieces or air-water syringes. Pneumomediastinum is usually self-limiting but potentially life threatening. We present two cases where both patients suffered from cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema, one additionally having pneumomediastinum following routine restorative dentistry.Húðbeðsþemba (subcutaneous emphysema) á andlits- og hálssvæði er sjaldgæfur en vel þekktur fylgikvilli tannviðgerða, einkum eftir tannúrdrátt. Einnig er sjaldgæft að loftmiðmæti (pneumomediastinum) hljótist af slíku inngripi. Orsökin er yfirleitt innblástur lofts undir þrýstingi inn í mjúkvefi munnhols frá tækjum tannlækna. Ástandið gengur oft yfir sjálfkrafa, en getur valdið lífshættulegum fylgikvillum. Hér eru kynnt tvö sjúkratilfelli þar sem húðþemba og loftmiðmæti komu í kjölfar minniháttar tannviðgerð

Investigation of the obligation to report the mistreatment of animals for professionals working with animal healthcare : horses and companion animals

In Sweden, veterinarians have since 1971 had an obligation to report the mistreatment of animals to the county administrative boards. Since the first of January 2010 the obligation according to 28 a § law of Animal welfare (1988:534) also include other professions within the animal healthcare sector, as for example veterinary nurse and farrier. The purpose of the obligation for professionals in animal healthcare to report animal mistreatment is to promote animal protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate how and if the obligation is fulfilled and how the obligation is perceived amongst the professionals in animal healthcare. The county administrative boards categorizied incoming reports as either “veterinarian”, “other” or “public”at the time of the study. Therefore, the incoming reports could only be assumed to come from veterinarians as veterinary nurse could have been placed in either “veterinarian” as well as in “other”, and farrier in “other”. Incoming reports, excluding the ones from veterinarians at slaughterhouses, are for the year of 2009 (before the extension of the obligation) at 87 reports, respectively 158 in 2010, 221 in 2011, 249 in 2012 and 264 in 2013. All together the reports were split on the animal species; dogs (197), cats (317), other companion animals (13), horses (53), farm animals (323), other animals (8) and not specified (381). A electronic survey was sent to 45 clinics/practices for horse or companion animals as well as to 120 farriers with a license in Sweden. In total 145 persons from the three professions answered. 82 % of the participants had at least once had suspicions about animal mistreatment but only 42 % of the participants had at one time reported the mistreatment to the county administrative board. 36 % of the participants reported that they were insecure in how to make a evaluation about mistreatment in accordance with the animal welfare legislation. Furthermore 31 % reported that they had themselves, colleagues or their working unit been exposed to threats and/or violence from the animal owner when mistreatment had been reported. 81 % reported a need of further education and discussions about how to interpret the animal welfare legislation and how to make a evaluation if an animal had been mistreated or not. In conclusion; the obligation to report animal mistreatment for animal healthcare professionals has fulfilled its purpose as the incoming reports have increased in number over the years. The county administrative boards need to investigate how to make the registrations of incoming reports more easy to find, and how to make the headlines more informative and concistent. The county administrative boards also need to collaborate more as they now work completely independent, and therefore the records are hard to evaluate on national level. The regional application of the obligation can be improved and further research into how to enhance the use of the obligation are needed. Further investigations regarding education in how and when to use the obligation is of primary concern to the people that participated in the survey