Trend correlations for coastal eutrophication and its main local and whole-sea drivers – Application to the Baltic Sea

Coastal eutrophication is a major environmental issue worldwide. In the Baltic Sea, eutrophication affects both the coastal waters and the open sea. Various policy frameworks aim to hinder its progress but eutrophicationrelevant water quality variables, such as chlorophyll-a concentrations, still exhibit opposite temporal trends in various Baltic Sea marine and coastal waters. In this study, we investigate the temporal-trend linkages of measured water quality variables and their various anthropogenic, climatic and hydrospheric drivers over the period 1990-2020 with focus on the Swedish coastal waters and related marine basins in the Baltic Sea. We find that it is necessary to distinguish more and less isolated coastal waters, based on their water exchanges with the open sea, to capture different coastal eutrophication dynamics. In less isolated coastal waters, eutrophication is primarily related to nitrogen concentrations, while it is more related to phosphorus concentrations in more isolated coastal waters. In the open sea, trends in eutrophication conditions correlate best with trends in climatic and hydrospheric drivers, like wind speed and water salinity, respectively. In the coastal waters, driver signals are more mixed, with considerable influences from anthropogenic land-based nutrient loads and sea ice cover duration. Summer chlorophyll-a concentration in the open sea stands out as a main change driver of summer chlorophyll-a concentration in less isolated coastal waters. Overall, coastal waters are a melting pot of driver influences over various scales, from local land-based drivers to large-scale total catchment and open sea conditions. The latter in turn depend on long-term integration of pathway-dependent influences from the various coastal parts of the Baltic Sea and their land-based nutrient load drivers, combined with overarching climate conditions and internal feedback loops. As such, our results challenge any unidirectional local source-to-sea paradigm and emphasize a need for concerted local land-catchment and whole-sea measures for robust coastal eutrophication management. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Data for wetlandscapes and their changes around the world

Geography and associated hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use conditions and their changes determine the states and dynamics of wetlands and their ecosystem services. The influences of these controls are not limited to just the local scale of each individual wetland but extend over larger landscape areas that integrate multiple wetlands and their total hydrological catchment – the wetlandscape. However, the data and knowledge of conditions and changes over entire wetlandscapes are still scarce, limiting the capacity to accurately understand and manage critical wetland ecosystems and their services under global change. We present a new Wetlandscape Change Information Database (WetCID), consisting of geographic, hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use information and data for 27 wetlandscapes around the world. This combines survey-based local information with geographic shapefiles and gridded datasets of large-scale hydroclimate and land-use conditions and their changes over whole wetlandscapes. Temporally, WetCID contains 30-year time series of data for mean monthly precipitation and temperature and annual land-use conditions. The survey-based site information includes local knowledge on the wetlands, hydrology, hydroclimate and land uses within each wetlandscape and on the availability and accessibility of associated local data. This novel database (available through PANGAEA https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907398; Ghajarnia et al., 2019) can support site assessments; cross-regional comparisons; and scenario analyses of the roles and impacts of land use, hydroclimatic and wetland conditions, and changes in whole-wetlandscape functions and ecosystem services

Priorities and interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with focus on wetlands

Wetlands are often vital physical and social components of a country's natural capital, as well as providers of ecosystem services to local and national communities. We performed a network analysis to prioritize Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for sustainable development in iconic wetlands and wetlandscapes around the world. The analysis was based on the information and perceptions on 45 wetlandscapes worldwide by 49 wetland researchers of the GlobalWetland Ecohydrological Network (GWEN). We identified three 2030 Agenda targets of high priority across the wetlandscapes needed to achieve sustainable development: Target 6.3-'Improve water quality'; 2.4-'Sustainable food production'; and 12.2-'Sustainable management of resources'. Moreover, we found specific feedback mechanisms and synergies between SDG targets in the context of wetlands. The most consistent reinforcing interactions were the influence of Target 12.2 on 8.4-'Efficient resource consumption'; and that of Target 6.3 on 12.2. The wetlandscapes could be differentiated in four bundles of distinctive priority SDG-targets: 'Basic human needs', 'Sustainable tourism', 'Environmental impact in urban wetlands', and 'Improving and conserving environment'. In general, we find that the SDG groups, targets, and interactions stress that maintaining good water quality and a 'wise use' of wetlandscapes are vital to attaining sustainable development within these sensitive ecosystems. © 2019 by the authors

Correction: Priorities and interactions of sustainable development goals (SDGs) with focus on wetlands. Water 2019, 11, 619 doi: 10.3390/w11030619

10.3390/w12010088Water (Switzerland)1218

Carbon-based nutrient cycling in the Baltic Sea - Analysis of twelve basins using three-dimensional flow dynamics.

Eutrophication is a major problem in the Baltic Sea and is the result mainly of the increase of the anthropogenic nutrient loading. Thus, the links among water quality, sediments, and eutrophication have to be understood in order to predict the consequences of our actions and of the climate change on the Baltic Sea. Therefore, water quality models that take into account the hydrodynamics have to be developed to help policy makers. In that perspective, the Kiirikki model, an ecosystem and sediment model, coupled to a box approach has been used to describe the water quality of the Baltic Sea. The latter has been divided into twelve sub-basins according to the topography, each of them separated into two vertical layers. The Kiirikki model has been implemented on each sub-basin and the hydrodynamics are used to link sub-basins between them. After calibration, it can be seen that the model results are consistent with the monitoring data for the southern part, even if the dissolved inorganic nitrogen levels are too high during the winter and some phase shifts are observed. For the northern part, the primary production is well modelled but there is an offset concerning the dissolved inorganic nutrient. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Kiirikki model is a realistic tool to describe the water quality and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. However, the differences indicate that the Baltic Sea model cannot be use for policy making yet and more work is needed to improve the model such as a global sensitivity analysis as well as the use of site specific parameters

Managing coastal eutrophication : Land-sea and hydroclimatic linkages with focus on the Baltic coastal system

Eutrophication endangers coastal ecosystems all over the world and is most often associated with an increase in anthropogenic nutrient loads to coastal waters, which fuel the growth of algae and create a variety of environmental problems. This is also the case for the Baltic Sea where coastal waters may be affected by various land, coast-sea, and hydroclimatic drivers and feedbacks, over different scales, including the eutrophic open sea. This thesis aims at improving our understanding of how these drivers affect coastal eutrophication and its management opportunities across the various coupled scales of the Baltic land-coast-sea system. To achieve this aim, the interactions between land-catchment, coastal, and open sea processes, and their influences on coastal eutrophication have been investigated through water quality modelling with applications to specific Baltic coastal waters. Hydroclimatic influences on the propagation of change-impacts through the land-coast-sea continuum to coastal eutrophication have also been investigated via the water quality modelling and additional analysis of actual water quality trends over the last 30 years along the Swedish coast. Moreover, coastal eutrophication research on the Baltic Sea system has been investigated through scientific literature analysis with focus on how the reported research has accounted for and linked components in the land-coast-sea system, and the aim to identify possible research gaps. Results show that impacts of water quality improvements in the open sea propagate to a large share of the coastal waters, especially for phosphorus and phytoplankton, while impacts of reducing nutrient loads from land are more localised and more pronounced for nitrogen than for phosphorus. Therefore, reducing coastal nitrogen, phosphorus and phytoplankton concentrations requires both regional measures for open sea improvements and local land-catchment measures for reduction of nutrient loads to the specific coast. Moreover, data analysis shows that trends in coastal Summer chlorophyll a (Chl-a) are well correlated with those in open sea Summer Chl-a and in riverine nitrogen loads. Regarding hydroclimatic drivers, warmer and wetter conditions are found to complicate remediation of coastal eutrophication in comparison to drier and colder conditions. In addition, trends in coastal Summer Chl-a are well correlated with those in sea-ice conditions. These results highlight the various land-based, coastal, open sea, and hydroclimatic drivers and conditions that mix, interact in and influence the coastal waters. The various driver, management, and ecosystem components involved are overall included in Baltic coastal eutrophication research. However, specific coastal management measures, and feedbacks between drivers and impacts of coastal eutrophication are under-investigated, and the social and ecological components of the whole land-coast-sea system are not well-connected in the research. Furthermore, long-lived legacy sources on land, as well as at sea, have not been much accounted for in coastal eutrophication research so far. This calls for further research on recovery time scales and specific remediation measures that can be effective against such sources, like mussel farming and wetlands. Finally, coastal eutrophication management needs to account for the influences on local coastal conditions from a melting pot of multi-scale drivers and biogeochemical as well as ecological impacts and feedbacks

Comparison Between Single-touch and Multi-touch Interaction for Older People

International audienceThis paper describes a study exploring the multi-touch interaction for older adults. The aim of this experiment was to check the relevance of this interaction versus single-touch interaction to realize object manipulation tasks: move, rotate and zoom. For each task, the user had to manipulate a rectangle and superimpose it to a picture frame. Our study shows that adults and principally older adults had more difficulties to realize these tasks for multi-touch interaction than for single-touch interaction

Comparaison de périphériques d'entrée physique versus périphériques d'entrée tactile virtuel

International audienceWe introduce on this paper a comparison between four interactions during an input task on a four keys virtual keyboard. This keyboard is controlled by the same methods with the four interactions. Two interactions base on existing input devices while the two others simulate the functioning of those same peripherals but on a touchscreen. This study aims to define the adaptative faculty to a new input device and to give few numbers on the performance modification by the transfer of the physical interaction into the virtual interaction

Mémorisation de la disposition de cibles par les personnes âgées sur un écran tactile

International audienc