Tratamentos fisioterapêuticos para o linfedema pós-câncer de mama: uma revisão de literatura

O câncer de mama é o segundo tipo de câncer mais comum entre as mulheres. A cirurgia é parte do processo terapêutico na prevenção da disseminação da doença, porém, pode ser causa de algumas complicações como o linfedema. A fisioterapia contribui para seu tratamento com diferentes técnicas que vêm sendo desenvolvidas ao longo dos anos. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática da literatura é apresentar as modalidades fisioterapêuticas aplicadas no tratamento do linfedema. A revisão bibliográfica foi efetuada em livros textos e nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed e SciELO, no período de 1951 a 2009. Entre os recursos fisioterapêuticos utilizados no tratamento do linfedema estão a terapia complexa descongestiva (TCD), compressão pneumática (CP), estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem (EVA) e laserterapia. Os trabalhos analisados mostram que os resultados são melhores com as técnicas combinadas. A TCD é o protocolo mais utilizado, e sua associação com a CP se mostra eficaz. As novas técnicas EVA e laser apresentam resultados satisfatórios.El cáncer de seno es el segundo tipo de cáncer más común entre las mujeres. La cirugía es parte del proceso terapéutico en la prevención de la diseminación de la enfermedad, sin embargo, puede ser causa de algunas complicaciones como el linfedema. La fisioterapia contribuye para su tratamiento con diferentes técnicas que vienen siendo desarrolladas a lo largo de los años. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática de la literatura es presentar las modalidades fisioterapéuticas aplicadas en el tratamiento del linfedema. La revisión bibliográfica fue efectuada en libros textos y en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed y SciELO, en el período de 1951 a 2009. Entre los recursos fisioterapéuticos utilizados en el tratamiento del linfedema están la terapia compleja descongestiva (TCD), compresión neumática (CN), estimulación eléctrica de alto voltaje (EVA) y láserterapia. Los trabajos analizados muestran que los resultados son mejores con las técnicas combinadas. La TCD es el protocolo más utilizado, y su asociación con la CN se muestra eficaz. Las nuevas técnicas EVA y láser presentan resultados satisfactorios.Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer among women. Surgery is part of the therapeutic process to prevent metastases, but it can also cause some complications, including lymphedema. Physiotherapy contributes to its treatment, using different techniques that have been developed over the years. This systematic literature review aims to present physiotherapy modalities applied for lymphedema therapy. The literature review was conducted using textbooks and Lilacs, Pubmed and Scielo databases, from 1951 to 2009. Physiotherapy resources used for lymphedema treatment include complex decongestive therapy (CDT), pneumatic compression (PC), high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) and laser therapy. The analyzed literature shows that better results are obtained with combined techniques. CDT is the most used protocol, and its association with PC has demonstrated efficacy. The new techniques HVES and laser present satisfactory results

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹ (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Perception of teachers in relation to the use of educational technologies in the teaching and learning process in technological training in aesthetics and cosmetics - distance modality

Introdução: A Educação a Distância (EaD) não é algo novo; no Brasil, surgiu com os cursos por correspondência do Instituto Universal Brasileiro e do Instituto Monitor. Essa modalidade tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço no cenário educacional e, atualmente, esse tipo de ensino tornou-se uma realidade, à qual todos teremos que nos adaptar e integrar em nossas vidas, devido aos tempos de mudanças que vivemos. No entanto, o momento é de adaptações rápidas e eficazes. Nesse âmbito, as práticas pedagógicas podem incorporar as vantagens e as possibilidades oferecidas pelo uso das tecnologias ao cenário atual dos docentes, onde construir e disseminar o conhecimento através das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) tem se apresentado como uma nova barreira a ser superada, principalmente no âmbito dos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia (CSTs) em Estética e Cosmética. Objetivos: O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever a percepção dos docentes acerca de sua prática em relação ao uso das TIC no processo de ensino-aprendizagem no CST em Estética e Cosmética na modalidade a distância. Métodos: Para isso foi realizado um grupo focal com 5 docentes do CST em Estética e Cosmética da Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul na modalidade a distância. Resultados: Todas as participantes entendem a importância do uso das TIC no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e entendem a importância de capacitação profissional para sua utilização. Conclusão: Conclui-se que todas as participantes acreditam no potencial das TIC no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, e percebemos que a educação não se dissocia das tecnologias que, de diversas formas, apoiam o trabalho docente, tanto na EaD como em qualquer outra modalidade de ensino, no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem