Total Hadronic Cross Section Data and the Froissart-Martin Bound

The energy dependence of the total hadronic cross section at high energies is investigated with focus on the recent experimental result by the TOTEM Collaboration at 7 TeV and the Froissart-Martin bound. On the basis of a class of analytical parametrization with the exponent $\gamma$ in the leading logarithm contribution as a free parameter, different variants of fits to $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ total cross section data above 5 GeV are developed. Two ensembles are considered, the first comprising data up to 1.8 TeV, the second also including the data collected at 7 TeV. We shown that in all fit variants applied to the first ensemble the exponent is statistically consistent with $\gamma$ = 2. Applied to the second ensemble, however, the same variants yield $\gamma$'s above 2, a result already obtained in two other analysis, by U. Amaldi \textit{et al}. and by the UA4/2 Collaboration. As recently discussed by Ya. I. Azimov, this faster-than-squared-logarithm rise does not necessarily violate unitarity. Our results suggest that the energy dependence of the hadronic total cross section at high energies still constitute an open problem.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, introduction extended and general references added to match editorial style, to appear in the Brazilian Journal of Physic

Avanços nas Técnicas de Cirurgia Geral e Plástica para Correção de Fissura Palatina: Uma Revisão Sistemática

This article aims to evaluate advances in surgical techniques for the correction of cleft palate, highlighting the associated benefits and challenges. The specific objectives include identifying and describing the latest techniques, assessing their effectiveness in improving speech, comparing recovery times and complications, studying the success rate in preventing postoperative complications, and examining the need for complementary interventions such as speech therapy. The methodology used was a descriptive and qualitative bibliographic review, analyzing studies published between 2009 and 2024, in Portuguese and English. The databases consulted were PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The analysis focused on the effectiveness of surgical techniques in improving speech function, reducing recovery times, preventing postoperative complications, and evaluating the need for complementary interventions. The results indicate that recent advances, such as endoscopic surgery and the use of dynamic tension devices, have shown significant benefits, including less tissue trauma, reduced scarring, and better functional and aesthetic outcomes. Additionally, robotic surgery and 3D printing have contributed to personalized surgical planning, resulting in more precise and predictable procedures. Techniques such as Furlow and Bardach present higher success rates in speech correction and prevention of postoperative complications. The conclusion highlights the critical importance of surgical techniques for the correction of cleft palate, evidencing significant advances and associated challenges. Early surgical correction is essential to restore palate integrity, promoting improvements in speech, feeding, hearing, and facial aesthetics. A multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, speech therapists, orthodontists, and other healthcare professionals is fundamental to ensure the best long-term outcomes for patients with cleft palate. Continued research in this area is crucial to enhance treatment strategies, ensure the safety and efficacy of procedures, and improve patients' quality of life.Este artigo tem como objetivo geral avaliar os avanços nas técnicas cirúrgicas para a correção de fissura palatina, destacando os benefícios e desafios associados. Os objetivos específicos incluem identificar e descrever as técnicas mais recentes, avaliar sua eficácia na melhora da fala, comparar tempos de recuperação e complicações, estudar a taxa de sucesso na prevenção de complicações pós-operatórias e examinar a necessidade de intervenções complementares, como fonoaudiologia. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva e qualitativa, analisando estudos publicados entre 2009 e 2024, em português e inglês. As bases de dados consultadas foram PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar. A análise focou na eficácia das técnicas cirúrgicas em melhorar a função da fala, reduzir tempos de recuperação, prevenir complicações pós-operatórias e avaliar a necessidade de intervenções complementares. Os resultados indicam que os avanços recentes, como a cirurgia endoscópica e a utilização de dispositivos de tensão dinâmica, têm mostrado benefícios significativos, incluindo menor trauma tecidual, cicatrizes reduzidas e melhores resultados funcionais e estéticos. Além disso, a cirurgia robótica e a impressão 3D têm contribuído para o planejamento cirúrgico personalizado, resultando em procedimentos mais precisos e previsíveis. Técnicas como a de Furlow e a de Bardach apresentam melhores taxas de sucesso na correção da fala e na prevenção de complicações pós-operatórias. A conclusão destaca a importância crítica das técnicas cirúrgicas para a correção da fissura palatina, evidenciando os avanços significativos e os desafios associados. A correção cirúrgica precoce é essencial para restaurar a integridade do palato, promovendo melhorias na fala, alimentação, audição e estética facial. A abordagem multidisciplinar envolvendo cirurgiões, fonoaudiólogos, ortodontistas e outros profissionais de saúde é fundamental para garantir os melhores resultados a longo prazo para pacientes com fissura palatina. A continuidade de pesquisas nesta área é crucial para aprimorar as estratégias de tratamento, garantir a segurança e eficácia dos procedimentos e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. &nbsp

Síndrome de DiGeorge: um relato de caso: DiGeorge's Syndrome: a case report

O presente artigo objetivou apresentar o caso clínico de uma paciente pediátrica diagnosticada com a síndrome de DiGeorge e que foi admitida no setor de Cardiologia Pediátrica para correção de malformação cardíaca. Este trabalho se trata de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de caso, que visou analisar as principais manifestações desse distúrbio genético, bem como suas abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas. A criança foi submetida à correção de defeito cardíaco característico da anomalia e evoluiu com parada cardiorrespiratória, prontamente revertida, e com crise convulsiva no pós-operatório. A anomalia possui espectro clínico diverso, com repercussões que impactam sobremaneira no equilíbrio eletrolítico e nos sistemas imunológico e cardiovascular, exigindo reconhecimento em tempo hábil e a adoção de condutas assertivas para reduzir a morbidade do portador

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.Keywords: Social–ecological systems, Tropical forests, Land use, Interdisciplinary research, Sustainability, Trade-off

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries