Characterization of the core microbiota of the drainage and surrounding soil of a brazilian copper mine

The core microbiota of a neutral mine drainage and the surrounding high heavy metal content soil at a Brazilian copper mine were characterized by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. The core microbiota of the drainage was dominated by the generalist genus Meiothermus. The soil samples contained a more heterogeneous bacterial community, with the presence of both generalist and specialist bacteria. Both environments supported mainly heterotrophic bacteria, including organisms resistant to heavy metals, although many of the bacterial groups identified remain poorly characterized. The results contribute to the understanding of bacterial communities in soils impacted by neutral mine drainage, for which information is scarce, and demonstrate that heavy metals can play an important role in shaping the microbial communities in mine environments384484489CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP550240/2010-12012/05429-

Global analysis of the sugarcane microtranscriptome reveals a unique composition of small RNAs associated with axillary bud outgrowth

Axillary bud outgrowth determines shoot architecture and is under the control of endogenous hormones and a fine-tuned gene-expression network, which probably includes small RNAs (sRNAs). Although it is well known that sRNAs act broadly in plant development, our understanding about their roles in vegetative bud outgrowth remains limited. Moreover, the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets within axillary buds are largely unknown. Here, we employed sRNA next-generation sequencing as well as computational and gene-expression analysis to identify and quantify sRNAs and their targets in vegetative axillary buds of the biofuel crop sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Computational analysis allowed the identification of 26 conserved miRNA families and two putative novel miRNAs, as well as a number of trans-acting small interfering RNAs. sRNAs associated with transposable elements and protein-encoding genes were similarly represented in both inactive and developing bud libraries. Conversely, sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR results revealed that specific miRNAs were differentially expressed in developing buds, and some correlated negatively with the expression of their targets at specific stages of axillary bud development. For instance, the expression patterns of miR159 and its target GAMYB suggested that they may play roles in regulating abscisic acid-signalling pathways during sugarcane bud outgrowth. Our work reveals, for the first time, differences in the composition and expression profiles of diverse sRNAs and targets between inactive and developing vegetative buds that, together with the endogenous balance of specific hormones, may be important in regulating axillary bud outgrowth

Formação esportiva no jiu-jitsu: generalizações e particularidades na perspectiva de atletas brasileiros de elite

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar indicativos socioculturais e pedagógicos que influenciaram a formação esportiva de atletas brasileiros de alto rendimento de jiu-jitsu, residentes no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi tomado como principal referência, o Modelo de Desenvolvimento da Participação Esportiva (DMSP), de modo a fundamentar a análise sobre as trajetórias dos participantes, frente a confirmações e diferenças em relação às etapas propostas por tal modelo teórico. Esta pesquisa qualitativa baseou-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis atletas de alto rendimento de jiu-jitsu, brasileiros, adultos, homens, com graduação nas faixas marrom ou preta, medalhistas em competições internacionais. O método de análise empregado foi o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Como principais resultados têm-se: a importância das vivências esportivas diversificadas e jogos deliberados nos anos de experimentação; a especialização em outra modalidade esportiva antes da iniciação no jiu-jitsu; a iniciação e especialização no jiu-jitsu ocorreram em média aos 18 ± 3,2 e 19,3 ± 3,3 anos de idade, respectivamente; a fase de investimento caracterizou-se como um período de mudanças gradativas, almejando o alto rendimento; a existência de trajetórias alternativasao DMSP (thresholds), que contribuíram para a formação esportiva dos atletas. Conclui-se que o grupo estudado apresentou uma trajetória de formação esportiva não condizente com o observado na literatura sobre outras modalidades esportivas e o proposto pelo DMSP. Ainda assim, estes atletas atingiram altos níveis competitivos, com resultados esportivos relevantes em nível internacional. As vivências diversificadas até a idade adulta, e a especialização tardia na modalidade, destacam-se como particularidades nesse processo

A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE O JIU-JÍTSU: ANÁLISE DOS ARTIGOS, TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES PUBLICADOS ENTRE 1996 E 2016

The aim of this article was to analyse and describe the scientific production related to jiu-jitsu, in order to identify trends, gaps and research possibilities. Searches on the digital data basis Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Bireme, LILACS and Redalyc, besides Capes’s digital thesis library, and thematic analysis on 105 articles, 2 theses and 23 dissertations, yielded the following main results: a) numerical inequality between different research approaches and subareas, as well as study subjects; b) the profiles of participants in those studies are highly diverse, and most are male non-competitors; c) Brazil stands out in academic production on jiu-jitsu; d) increasing quantitative and qualitative research; e) process of internationalization of research. The study found that, just as in the sports field as a whole, research on jiu-jitsu is in full expansion, mainly in Brazil, with gaps that are potential areas of interest for future investigation.  El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar y describir la producción científica relacionada con el jiu-jitsu, para identificar tendencias, lagunas y posibilidades de desarrollo de investigación. A través de la búsqueda en las bases de datos digitales Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Bireme, LILACS y Redalyc, además del banco de tesis y disertaciones de Capes, y del análisis temático de 105 artículos, dos tesis y 23 disertaciones, se tienen como principales resultados: a) desigualdad numérica entre diferentes aproximaciones y subáreas de investigación, así como disciplinas de estudio; b) característica heterogénea de los participantes en estos estudios, donde la mayoría es de hombres adultos no competidores; c) destaque de Brasil en la producción científica sobre el jiu-jitsu; d) crecimiento cuantitativo y cualitativo de investigaciones; e) proceso de internacionalización de investigaciones. Se concluye que, así como en el ámbito deportivo más amplio, la investigación sobre jiu-jitsu se encuentra en expansión, principalmente en Brasil, con lagunas que representan potenciales áreas de interés para investigaciones futuras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e descrever a produção científica relacionada ao jiu-jítsu, de modo a identificar tendências, lacunas e possibilidades de desenvolvimento de pesquisa. Através de busca nas bases de dados digitais Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Bireme, LILACS e Redalyc, além do banco de teses e dissertações da Capes, e análise temática de 105 artigos, duas teses e 23 dissertações, tem-se como principais resultados: a) desigualdade numérica entre diferentes abordagens e subáreas de pesquisa, bem como disciplinas de estudo; b) característica heterogênea dos participantes destes estudos, sendo a maioria homens adultos não competidores; c) destaque do Brasil na produção científica sobre o jiu-jítsu; d) crescimento quantitativo e qualitativo de pesquisas; e) processo de internacionalização de pesquisas. Conclui-se que, assim como no âmbito esportivo mais amplo, a pesquisa sobre jiu-jítsu se encontra em franca expansão, principalmente no Brasil, com lacunas que representam potenciais áreas de interesse para investigações futuras.

Sugarcane serine peptidase inhibitors, serine peptidases, and Clp protease system subunits associated with sugarcane borer (diatraea saccharalis) herbivory and wounding

Sugarcane’s (Saccharum spp.) response to Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: (Crambidae) herbivory was investigated using a macroarray spotted with 248 sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) encoding serine peptidase inhibitors, serine peptidases. and Clp protease system subunits. Our results showed that after nine hours of herbivory, 13 sugarcane genes were upregulated and nine were downregulated. Among the upregulated genes, nine were similar to serine peptidase inhibitors and four were similar to Bowman-Birk Inhibitors (BBIs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these sequences belong to a phylogenetic group of sugarcane BBIs that are potentially involved in plant defense against insect predation. The remaining four upregulated genes included serine peptidases and one homolog to the Arabidopsis AAA+ chaperone subunit ClpD, which is a member of the Clp protease system. Among the downregulated genes, five were homologous to serine peptidases and four were homologous to Arabidopsis Clp subunits (three homologous to Clp AAA+ chaperones and one to a ClpP-related ClpR subunit). Although the roles of serine peptidase inhibitors in plant defenses against herbivory have been extensively investigated, the roles of plant serine peptidases and the Clp protease system represent a new and underexplored field of study. The up- and downregulated D. saccharalis genes presented in this study may be candidate genes for the further investigation of the sugarcane response to herbivory179Plant-insect interactionsCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP482737/2012-3; 168124/2014-92014/50275-9; 2004/09713-0; 2009/15920-2; 1998/15534-9; 2013/12577-

Os diferentes tipos de coagulantes naturais para o tratamento de água: uma revisão

Natural coagulants are natural compounds, such as seeds, mucilage and other compounds based or not based on plants, which have the ability to remove contaminants from water, sewage and effluents. Its use has a strong environmental, economic and social appeal, especially because these are compounds easily found in nature, such as moringa, okra and cactus, and therefore cheap, increasing the quality of life of society and mitigating damage/environmental impact. The aim of this review was to present the different types of natural coagulants, their respective uses and characteristics. This research was elaborated through search in the specialized literature, with about 160 researched articles and 38 effectively used, a research that focuses on discussing the benefits of natural coagulants against chemical coagulants, as well as the implications of different types of natural coagulants in the treatment of water, wastewater and sewage. It was found that the issues involving research on natural coagulants are an environmentally friendly, inexpensive way and an objective to be achieved, given the great demand for water and effluent treatment that occur around the world.Os coagulantes naturais são compostos naturais, como sementes, mucilagem e outros compostos baseados ou não baseados em plantas, que possuem a capacidade de remoção de contaminantes da água, esgotos e efluentes. Seu uso possui forte apelo ambiental, econômico e social, especialmente por se tratarem de compostos facilmente encontrados na natureza, como a moringa, quiabo e cáctus, e, por isso, baratos, aumentando a qualidade de vida da sociedade e mitigando o dano ou impacto ambiental. Esta revisão teve por objetivo apresentar os diferentes tipos de coagulantes naturais, seus respectivos usos e características. Esta pesquisa foi elaborada por meio de consultas na literatura especializada, com cerca de 160 artigos pesquisados e 38 efetivamente utilizados; concentrou-se em discutir os benefícios dos coagulantes naturais frente aos coagulantes químicos, bem como as implicações dos diferentes tipos de coagulantes naturais no tratamento de água, efluentes líquidos e esgotos. Em suma, verificou-se que as questões que envolvem a pesquisa dos coagulantes naturais é um caminho ambientalmente correto, barato e um objetivo a ser alcançado, visto a grande demanda de tratamento de água e efluentes que ocorre ao redor do mundo

Identification and expression analysis of microRNAs and targets in the biofuel crop sugarcane

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs, some of which are conserved in diverse plant genomes. Therefore, computational identification and further experimental validation of miRNAs from non-model organisms is both feasible and instrumental for addressing miRNA-based gene regulation and evolution. Sugarcane (<it>Saccharum spp</it>.) is an important biofuel crop with publicly available expressed sequence tag and genomic survey sequence databases, but little is known about miRNAs and their targets in this highly polyploid species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we have computationally identified 19 distinct sugarcane miRNA precursors, of which several are highly similar with their sorghum homologs at both nucleotide and secondary structure levels. The accumulation pattern of mature miRNAs varies in organs/tissues from the commercial sugarcane hybrid as well as in its corresponding founder species <it>S. officinarum </it>and <it>S. spontaneum</it>. Using sugarcane <it>MIR827 </it>as a query, we found a novel <it>MIR827 </it>precursor in the sorghum genome. Based on our computational tool, a total of 46 potential targets were identified for the 19 sugarcane miRNAs. Several targets for highly conserved miRNAs are transcription factors that play important roles in plant development. Conversely, target genes of lineage-specific miRNAs seem to play roles in diverse physiological processes, such as <it>SsCBP1</it>. <it>SsCBP1 </it>was experimentally confirmed to be a target for the monocot-specific miR528. Our findings support the notion that the regulation of <it>SsCBP1 </it>by miR528 is shared at least within graminaceous monocots, and this miRNA-based post-transcriptional regulation evolved exclusively within the monocots lineage after the divergence from eudicots.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Using publicly available nucleotide databases, 19 sugarcane miRNA precursors and one new sorghum miRNA precursor were identified and classified into 14 families. Comparative analyses between sugarcane and sorghum suggest that these two species retain homologous miRNAs and targets in their genomes. Such conservation may help to clarify specific aspects of miRNA regulation and evolution in the polyploid sugarcane. Finally, our dataset provides a framework for future studies on sugarcane RNAi-dependent regulatory mechanisms.</p

In silico evaluation of the Eucalyptus transcriptome

The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) produced in the Forests project provide an invaluable opportunity to assess the Eucalyptus transcriptome. Besides providing information on the different proteins produced by this plant, it is possible to infer gene expression profiles because non-normalized cDNA libraries were used. The EST frequency from any gene is correlated to the transcript levels in the tissues from which the cDNA libraries were constructed. The goal of this work was to identify Eucalyptus genes that showed either differential expression pattern or were ubiquitously expressed in the tissues sampled in the Forests project. Six robust statistical tests and very restrictive rules were applied to gain confidence in the in silico data aiming to avoid false positives. Several genes with interesting expression profiles were identified and some of them were validated by RT-PCR.487495Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq