Zootechnical performance of Dorper x Santa Inês lambs raised in different production systems

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desempenho zootécnico de cordeiros mestiços Dorper x Santa Inês terminados em sistemas de pastejo sobre pastagem de Megathyrsus maximus cultivar Aruana, com e sem sombreamento, e em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros não castrados em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com os três seguintes tratamentos, com oito repetições cada um: pastagem de 'Aruana' sem sombreamento + suplemento; pastagem de 'Aruana' com sombreamento + suplemento; e confinamento, com dieta contendo feno de azevém e concentrado na proporção de 20:80. Os tratamentos não influenciaram a idade dos cordeiros até ao abate, o peso ao nascer, a compacidade da perna, o rendimento verdadeiro e o rendimento dos cortes principais, exceto o da ponta do peito + flanco que foi menor na pastagem com sombreamento. Entretanto, o ganho médio diário, o escore de condição corporal, o peso vivo ao abate, o índice de compacidade da carcaça, os pesos da carcaça fria e do corpo vazio, e o rendimento de carcaça fria diferiram entre os tratamentos, com valores superiores no confinamento. A terminação em confinamento aumenta o desempenho zootécnico de ovinos Dorper x Santa Inês e favorece a menor idade ao abate, bem como o maior peso dos principais cortes comerciais, mas não o seu rendimento.The objective of this work was to compare the zootechnical performance of Dorper x Santa Inês crossbred lambs finished in grazing systems on Megathyrsus maximus Aruana cultivar pasture, with and without shading, and in a feedlot. Twenty-four non-castrated lambs were used in a completely randomized experimental design, with the three following treatments with eight replicates each: 'Aruana' pasture without shading + supplement; 'Aruana' pasture with shading + supplement; and feedlot, with diet containing ryegrass hay and concentrate at a 20:80 ratio. The treatments did not influence lamb age at slaughter, birth weight, leg compactness, true yield, and main cut yield, except that of breast tip + flank that was lower for the pasture with shading. However, average daily gain, body condition score, live weight at slaughter, carcass compactness index, cold carcass and empty body weights, and cold carcass yield differed between treatments, showing higher values in the feedlot. Termination in the feedlot increases the zootechnical performance of Dorper x Santa Inês sheep and favors a lower age at slaughter, as well as a greater weight of the main commercial cuts, but not their yield

DESENVOLVIMENTO PONDERAL DE CABRITOS LACTENTES COM ACESSO AO CREEP FEEDING EM DIFERENTES IDADES

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de acesso ao creep feeding sobre o ganho de peso, peso a desmama e condição corporal de cabritos mestiços da raça Bôer. Foram utilizadas 12 cabras 7/8 Bôer no período de lactação com suas respectivas crias, distribuídas em três tratamentos. Os animais foram divididos entre o tratamento 70 dias de acesso ao creep feeding, tratamento 50 dias de acesso ao creep feeding e tratamento 30 dias de acesso ao creep feeding. Os dados foram coletados a cada 10 dias, durante os 70 dias de amamentação. A análise de variância e comparação entre médias foi realizada pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05). Os diferentes períodos influenciaram as características de ganho de peso e peso vivo corporal, as quais apresentaram melhores resultados nos animais submetidos a maiores tempos de acesso à suplementação. Dentre os períodos de acesso ao creep feeding avaliados, o mais indicado para a produção eficiente de caprinos de corte, é o fornecimento de suplementação às crias por pelo menos 50 dias

BIOMETRIA CORPORAL DE CABRITOS LACTENTES COM ACESSO AO CREEP FEEDING EM DIFERENTES IDADES

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do acesso ao creep feeding em diferentes idades sobre as medidas biométricas corporais de cabritos mestiços da raça Bôer. Foram utilizadas 12 cabras 7/8 Bôer no período de lactação com suas respectivas crias, distribuídas em três tratamentos. Os animais foram divididos entre o tratamento 70 dias, 50 dias e 30 dias de acesso ao creep feeding. Os dados foram coletados a cada 10 dias, durante os 70 dias de amamentação. A análise de variância e comparação entre médias foi realizada pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05). Os diferentes períodos influenciaram características de comprimento corporal, perímetro torácico e abdominal e altura de garupa, as quais apresentaram melhores resultados em grupos submetidos a maiores tempos de acesso à suplementação. Dentre os períodos de acesso ao creep feeding avaliados, o mais indicado para a produção eficiente de caprinos de corte, é o fornecimento de suplementação às crias por pelo menos 50 dias

O Índice de Precipitação Padronizada (IPP) na identificação de extremos de chuvas e secas na bacia do rio Paraguaçu (BA)The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in identifying extreme rainfall and droughts in the Paraguaçu River Basin (BA)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar os eventos extremos de secas e chuvas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraguaçu (BHRP). A má distribuição de eventos de precipitação pluvial no Nordeste do Brasil está fortemente associada a interações entre a atmosfera, os oceanos e a fisiografia regional. Aqui esses eventos foram identificados pelo Índice de Precipitação Padronizada (IPP), em inglês, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) nas escalas de tempo de 3, 6, 12 e 24 meses. Foram utilizadas séries históricas de totais mensais precipitados de 73 postos pluviométricos, com no mínimo 25 anos de duração, distribuídos no âmbito da BHRP. Os resultados revelaram que a ocorrência de secas extremas foi inferior a de chuvas extremas, com destaque para os municípios de Ipirá e Dias Coelho. Nesses municípios houve maiores ocorrência e intensidade de secas e chuvas extremas, respectivamente. O IPP de 24 meses não identificou chuvas extremas na BHRP.Abstract The objective of this work was to study the behavior of extreme events of drought and rainfall in the Paraguaçu River Basin. The distribution of rainfall events in the Northeast Brazil is associated with interactions among the atmosphere, oceans and regional physiography. In this investigation, these events were identified by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the time scales 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. It was used historical data of the precipitated monthly totals of 73 rainfall stations, with at least 25 years of duration, distributed within the Paraguaçu River Basin. The results showed that the occurrence of extreme droughts was less than extreme rainfalls, especially in the municipalities of Ipirá and Dias Coelho. In these municipalities there were higher occurrences of droughts and extreme rainfall, respectively. The Standardized Precipitation Index of 24 months did not identify extreme rainfall in the Paraguaçu River Basin

The challenges in the application of educational strategies for doctors in the Programa Mais Médicos do Brasil (PMMB): An analytical-descriptive study

This article analyzes the challenges faced for the application of educational strategies for physicians in the Programa Mais Médicos of Brasil (“More Physicians”) and the contributions of these professionals to the work processes of Family Health teams with a focus on achieving comprehensiveness of health care and the expansion of health care. access to hard-to-reach regions. It is a documentary analysis of a descriptive nature, which includes from laws and regulations, norms, opinions, letters, memo, personal diaries, autobiographies, newspapers, magazines, speeches, radio and television program scripts to books, statistics and files schoolchildren. The results indicate that there is a need for dynamic flexibility in educational actions, focusing on the needs of the population and regions that host the program to reduce care inequities and favor the strengthening of bonds between staff and users in order to provide comprehensive care . Among the challenges, we can highlight the program\u27s contribution to the reduction of practices segmented by professional categories, subordinated to the (bio)medical figure and knowledge, with limited interprofessional and team-community interaction in the construction of common care and interconstitutive knowledge. However, it could be concluded that the contribution of the doctors of the “Mais Médicos” Program in Brazil, in addition to reducing inequities and expanding access to healthcare for the population, also contributes to the deconstruction of the hegemonic medical model, taking into account the importance of interdisciplinary knowledge for the success of comprehensive health care. In addition, it reiterates the importance of dynamic actions focusing on local and territorial reality for educational strategies, as territories have peculiar characteristics, developing the critical-reflective process of professionals and capable of solving demands in different regions

Reflexões sobre a didática no ensino superior para a formação de docentes / Reflections on didactics in higher education for teacher training

O texto aborda sobre didática, como uma ciência aplicada no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Este estudo procurou analisar a ideia de que a didática sendo aprendida e aplicada funciona como elemento favorável para a construção qualitativa do docente, do discente e do processo educacional. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica onde foi estruturado em 3 tópicos. Inicialmente foi abordado uma breve retrospectiva da didática, como a arte de ensinar. A seguir apresentou-se a didática na formação do docente do ensino superior, buscando refletir seu papel no processo de ensino/aprendizagem, entendendo que esta acontece à partir do entendimento das ações práticas, das orientações teóricas e dos valores e atitudes decorrentes da interação com a realidade social. E, por último, os desafios da prática docente. O presente estudo demonstrou que a didática é fundamental, é um instrumento facilitador, o qual propicia a interação e o crescimento das partes: universidade, aluno, docente, sociedade

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost