CIRCUITO DE PAPEL: ENSINO POR INVESTIGAÇÃO NO ESPAÇO FORMAL E NÃO FORMAL DE ENSINO

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar as experiências obtidas por intermédio de uma proposta pedagógica realizada pelas licenciandas em Ciências através do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) em consonância com a Banca da Ciência, baseada no ensino por investigação abordando o tema sobre circuito elétrico. O relato é de cunho qualitativo, utilizou como fonte de dados nossas impressões das aplicações de experimentos de baixo custo e interações discursivas entre monitores e aprendizes. As aplicações ocorreram em quatro turmas, sendo duas dos oitavos anos e duas dos nonos anos, das escolas públicas do ABCD Paulista (SP) e numa Organização não Governamental (ONG) localizada em Itaquera (SP) com crianças entre 4 a 14 anos. Para Carvalho (2016) o planejamento de uma sequência de ensino que busca levar a construção de um conceito deve-se iniciar por atividades manipulativas, evidenciando a necessidade do instrumento pedagógico como facilitador, para que assim o aluno consiga tomar consciência de como o problema foi resolvido, através de suas próprias ações (CARVALHO et al. 2016). A elaboração da proposta teve como base discussões e leituras sobre ensino de ciências por investigação (CARVALHO et al. 2016) objetivando colocar o jovem como protagonista de seu conhecimento. A aplicação em diferentes locais e realidades buscou romper as fronteiras da difusão cientifica, fortificando os pilares da cidadania e conscientização atingindo as distintas camadas sociais por intermédio do empoderamento do conhecimento

DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA ESCOLA: A CLASSIFICAÇÃO DOS SERES VIVOS POR MEIO DO PIBID CIÊNCIAS

Scientific dissemination makes it possible to present scientific knowledge to different audiences, in different communication and information channels. During social distancing, the dissemination of science has become a key element for the scientific literacy of children and young people in Basic Education. The objective of this research was to verify how content developed in the format of scientific dissemination can contribute to the educational training of students, especially in remote contexts. Aiming at this purpose, the steps for the formation of a video entitled “classification of living beings” were analyzed, produced by Science Licentiates participating in the Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID), at the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema campus, and the application for students of the 7th year of Elementary School of a public school in the city of São Caetano do Sul-SP. It was found that the video, proposed for children and their families, managed to be adopted in the school environment, allowing the development of scientific literacy. The partnership between the public university and the institution of Basic Education contributed to spreading the sciences and presenting them as belonging to reality.   Keywords: Scientific Dissemination in Education. Science. Video.  A divulgação científica permite apresentar o conhecimento científico para diferentes públicos, em diversos meios de comunicação e informação. Durante o distanciamento social, a difusão das ciências tornou-se um elemento primordial para a alfabetização científica de crianças e jovens da Educação Básica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar como um conteúdo desenvolvido no formato de divulgação científica pode contribuir para a formação dos estudantes, principalmente em contextos remotos. Almejando-se este propósito, foram analisadas as etapas para a formação de um vídeo intitulado “classificação dos seres vivos”, produzidos pelos Licenciandos em Ciências participantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), campus Diadema, e a aplicação para os alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do município de São Caetano do Sul-SP. Verificou-se que o vídeo, proposto para as crianças e os seus familiares, conseguiu ser adotado no ambiente escolar, permitindo desenvolver a alfabetização científica. A parceria entre a universidade pública e a instituição da Educação Básica contribuiu para difundir as ciências e apresentá-las como pertencentes à realidade.   Palavras-chave: Divulgação Científica na Educação. Ciências. Vídeo

Optically-Boosted Planar IBC Solar Cells with Electrically-Harmless Photonic Nanocoatings

Funding Information: This work received funding from the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P.) under the projects LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020 and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodeling, and Nanofabrication—i3N, and by the projects TACIT (PTDC/NAN‐OPT/28837/2017) and FlexSolar (PTDC/CTM‐REF/1008/2020). The authors also acknowledge the support of the H2020 Solar‐ERANET program, which funded the development of the IBC cells within the framework of the BOBTANDEM project. The work was also funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the project Synergy (H2020‐Widespread‐2020‐5, CSA), proposal n° 952169. M.A. and J.B. acknowledge funding by FCT‐MCTES through the grants SFRH/BD/148078/2019 and BD/14557/2022, respectively. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Optical Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.Advanced light management via front-coated photonic nanostructures is a promising strategy to enhance photovoltaic (PV) efficiency through wave-optical light-trapping (LT) effects, avoiding the conventional texturing processes that induce the degradation of electrical performance due to increased carrier recombination. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) honeycomb arrays with different geometry are engineered through a highly-scalable colloidal lithography method on flat crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers and tested on standard planar c-Si interdigitated back-contact solar cells (pIBCSCs). The photonic-structured wafers achieve an optical photocurrent of 36.6 mA cm−2, mainly due to a broad anti-reflection effect from the 693 nm thick nanostructured coatings. In contrast, the pIBCSC test devices reach 14% efficiency with 679 nm thick TiO2 nanostructures, corresponding to a ≈30% efficiency gain relative to uncoated pIBCSCs. In addition, several designed structures show unmatched angular acceptance enhancements in efficiency (up to 63% gain) and photocurrent density (up to 68% gain). The high-performing (yet electrically harmless) LT scheme, here presented, entails an up-and-coming alternative to conventional texturing for c-Si technological improvement that can be straightforwardly integrated into the established PV industry.publishersversionpublishe

Follicular Histomorphometry and Evaluation of Ovarian Apoptosis in Queens of Different Age Groups

Background: In humans and bitchs the age is another factor that may affect the size of ovarian structures, verifying alterations in the quality of the pool and size of follicular structures, which can compromise the use of these structures for in vitro maturation. There are no reports correlating the morphometric characteristics of the follicles and ovarian apoptosis at different ages in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histomorphometric parameters of follicular growth and the relationship with the occurrence of apoptosis in ovarian tissue of young, adult and senile queens.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen domestic queens, multiparous, of different breeds and age groups were used in this study and divided into three groups according to their ages: five months to one year - young; (7.8 ± 1.0 months); one to six years - adults (2.8 ± 0.5 years); and more than six years - senile (8.0 ± 0.9 years). Vaginal cytology was performed in order to characterize the estrous phase associated with plasma concentrations of progesterone. The morphology and percentage of the vaginal epithelium cells were evaluated and queens were classified into estrous and non-estrus and plasma concentrations of progesterone were determined. Ovarian samples were collected after ovariohysterectomy to routine histological processin and all follicles were counted and categorized into two groups, non-atresic and atresic. The mean follicular and oocyte diameters were calculated between the measurement of the largest diameter and perpendicular diameter. The relationship between follicle and oocyte were determined using the measurements of diameter, area and perimeter. The apoptotic cells were detected and cells were considered positive when TUNEL reaction was detected. The morphometric index of 1039 follicles were evaluated. Primordial follicles in young animals showed larger diameter, follicular area and perimeter than the structures of adult queens, as well as the unilaminar primary follicles of the same group were larger compared with senile animals (P 0.05). For the pre-ovulatory follicles there was no positive correlation between the oocyte growths regarding the follicles (P > 0.05). Only in senile animals positive markers for apoptosis were identified in nuclei of primordial follicles. No significant differences concerning the number of follicles and Tunel positive cells were observed between groups (P > 0.05).Discussion: Considering the importance of this study for greater knowledge in the basic aspects for reproductive biotechnologies, we verified that secondary follicles showed the largest diameters and younger animals the largest values for diameter, area and perimeter, suggesting that this age group could be ideal for the use and manipulation of oocytes. The process of follicular atresia is characterized by the occurrence of apoptosis, or programmed cell death when the organism begins to efficiently eliminate dysfunctional cells. The study of follicular apoptosis in small animals, especially in cats, is very important for the development of reproduction biotechnologies. Phenomenon of apoptosis showed no relationship with age in queens, occurring in a physiological, continuous and proportionate manner considering the number of nondominant follicles involved in each estrous cycle

estudos artísticos

O projeto Gama é um projeto de resistência que contrapõe, de modo consistente, discursos novos, que colocam em contacto novos intervenientes, novas agências, novas afinidades. É um campo de consolidação cultural que reúne os 15 autores aqui representados. O contexto é reconhecido como de viragem educativa , quando se observa uma tendência de convergência de agências na direção inclusiva, colaborativa, participativa, por parte de instituições, escolas, museus, plataformas de disseminação e de produção, artistas e educadores. O projeto Gama, e com ele, o projeto do Congresso CSO (Criadores sobre outras Obras), é um projeto que reivindica uma resistência para contrapor, de modo consistente, discursos novos, colocando em contacto novos intervenientes, gerando novas agências, favorecendo afinidades. O projeto é simples: é preciso dar a conhecer quem está por conhecer, é preciso fazer funcionar os circuitos relacionais excêntricos e antepor à colaboração um conhecimento mútuo que robustece os discursos, e origina novidade nos discursos sobre arte.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost