Differences in Predictive Ability of Gross and Fine Motor Skills Towards Language Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Motor skills can be divided into two types: gross motor skills (e.g., crawling, walking) and fine motor skills (e.g., grasping). When infants are first learning to navigate their environment, motor skills are a primary way for infants to independently explore and interact with objects and people. Importantly, research has indicated that motor skills can have a cascading effect on language acquisition. The purpose of the current study is to systematically review current literature on the relation between gross and fine motor abilities and language development in order to investigate any potential differences in predictive abilities of gross and fine motor skills towards language outcomes. Abstrackr, an online screening tool, was used to import database searches and screen through articles. Searches from three databases: PsycINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE were conducted. Keywords used were a combination of “gross motor”, “fine motor”, “motor performance”, “motor development”, or “psychomotor development” along with “language”, “language development”, or “communication skills”. Database options for peer-reviewed articles only, human, and age limits of participants (infancy through 5 years old) were selected when available. This yielded a total of 6210 articles. Abstracts were then screened through Abstrackr as relevant based on: inclusion of a typically developing sample ranging in age from 0 to 5 years of age and direct measurement of motor and language skills. A total of 3000 articles (48.3%) were screened manually, and the remaining 3210 were subsequently sorted as relevant versus irrelevant utilizing Abstrackr’s prediction algorithm based on our previous responses. In total 123 articles were deemed relevant to our current review. Currently, relevant articles are being read in detail to further refine the final relevant article count and begin analyzing differences in gross and fine motor skills in relation to language outcomes. Reviewing the existing literature can help researchers leverage motor skills towards language interventions

Development of Novel Methods for Characterization of Complex Organic Mixtures By Liquid Chromatography and Raman Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX ORGANIC MIXTURES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY by Veronica Marco Alvarez The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2014 Under the Supervision of Professor Joseph H. Aldstadt III The development of methods for the study of Humic Acids (HAs) and related substances is described. In the first part, a reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) instrument was designed, fabricated, and a method for the separation of HAs was optimized for application as the second dimension in a two-dimensional LC (LCxLC) system. The optimized method for the RP-LC was used in the study of amino acid mixtures and HA standard solutions. The RP-LC used a monolithic disk in which the stationary phase was composed of butyl (C4) functional groups. The method had the following conditions: 100 µL injection volume, 1.0 mL/min flow rate, 30:70 acetonitrile:water (pH = 7.00) mobile phase, and fluorescence detection (λex = 257 nm, λex = 310 nm). Several HA fractions from solid-phase extraction separations were examined as a means to simplify the HA standard and their spectra were compared to the characteristic peaks found for HAs in the literature. The next step in this work is to integrate the RP-LC method into the LCxLC system. In the second part of this thesis, the characterization of two natural varnishes -- Linseed Oil and Chinawood Oil-- was studied by accelerated ageing experiments and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy (FT Raman). An ageing chamber designed in our group for a previous investigation was modified to perform the ageing experiments. Two factors were studied over a range of time periods: heat and ultraviolet light. Thermal studies were conducted from 25ᵒC to 210ᵒC while the time periods ranged from 2 to 170 hr. A direct correlation was found between the changes in the vibrational bands that were observed in the FT Raman spectra and the observation of overt physical changes in the samples. Based upon these data, several reaction mechanisms for the decomposition of the varnishes were proposed. The FT Raman method may also be applied in the future to fractions collected from the LCxLC system for a more detailed off-line characterization of the molecular structures that are present

The DMAP-Catalyzed Acylation of Alcohol -- A Mechanistic Study

The mechanistic studies of Acylation of Alcohols catalyzed by 4-(N,N- Dimethyl-amino)-pyridine (DMAP) has been heavily studied in the literature. This reaction has attracted considerable interest from the synthetic and mechanistic points of view in recent years. In this research, the acylation of alcohols is prepared from cyclohexanol and acetic anhydride that is catalyzed by DMAP using triethyl amine (NEt3) as the auxiliary base and dichloromethane (DCM) as solvent. The reaction and final product will be analyzed by using gas chromatography (GC) and reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA). The mechanistic insights obtained in the present study should be useful for understanding the acylation of alcohols, and hence, provide valuable information

Cryptanalysis of a new chaotic cryptosystem based on ergodicity

This paper analyzes the security of a recent cryptosystem based on the ergodicity property of chaotic maps. It is shown how to obtain the secret key using a chosen-ciphertext attack. Some other design weaknesses are also shown.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Enantiomeric Ratio Changes of Terpenes in Essential Oils from Hybrid Eucalyptus grandis × E. tereticornis and its Pure Species

Some Eucalyptus species produce oils with biological activities and the effect of their interspecifc hybridization on the enantiomeric composition of terpenes has not been reported. The enantiomeric excesses of monoterpenes in the essential oil of Eucalyptus grandis × E. tereticornis and its parental taxa were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and to resolve coelutions problems by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)and GC-MS with two columns in series. The essential oil composition of the hybrid presented qualitative and quantitative differences with the composition of its parental taxa. Great differences were found for the enantiomeric ratio in monoterpene alcohols among the three essential oils. Our results suggest that the enantiomeric analysis can be a reliable method for the study of how theinterspecifc hybridization can module the enantiomeric chemical profle in Eucalyptus essential oils. These results suggest the use of interspecifc hybridization to improve or expand the source of bioactive compounds.Fil: Naspi, Cecilia Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Costa, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Lucia, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Audino, Paola Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Masuh, Hector Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentin

On the security of a new image encryption scheme based on chaotic map lattices

This paper reports a detailed cryptanalysis of a recently proposed encryption scheme based on the logistic map. Some problems are emphasized concerning the key space definition and the implementation of the cryptosystem using floating-point operations. It is also shown how it is possible to reduce considerably the key space through a ciphertext-only attack. Moreover, a timing attack allows the estimation of part of the key due to the existent relationship between this part of the key and the encryption/decryption time. As a result, the main features of the cryptosystem do not satisfy the demands of secure communications. Some hints are offered to improve the cryptosystem under study according to those requirements.Comment: 8 pages, 8 Figure

Collaboration for social innovation in the agri-food system in Latin America and the Caribbean

Aim of study: This study reviews the state of the art of collaboration for social innovation in food and rural systems. The analysis focuses on cooperation by farms and agro-industry companies. The purpose is to identify not only the state of the art of this research topic but also the main authors, the countries where these studies are conducted and the dynamics of research networks in relation to these topics. Area of study: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Material and methods: The Web of Science database was used to search for articles containing the terms ‘cooperation’, ‘networks’, ‘innovation’, ‘social’, ‘rural’ and ‘LAC’. Using VOSviewer network creation and analysis software, maps of citations, co-authorship, co-citations and co-occurrence of key-words were created and analysed. Content analysis was then performed. Finally, the research areas that the authors of the analysed articles consider to be of interest for future research were identified. Main results: The results reveal that researchers from Latin America and other regions, especially Europe and the English-speaking world, are showing a growing interest in collaborative systems for development and social innovation in LAC. Research highlights: The analysis enables further progress to be made in identifying the main drivers of collaboration in the LAC rural sector. These main drivers include social innovation, knowledge, sustainable management and social capital

El régimen agrario laboral y su incidencia en el proceso contable en empresa agrileza sociedad anonima cerrada 2021

El estudio estuvo orientado a determinar si existe incidencia por parte del régimen agrario en el proceso contable en compañía AGRILEZA situada en la provincia Huaralina, metodológicamente fue de tipo descriptivo transversal, de nivel correlacional, de diseño no experimental, de ruta cuantitativo, con población de 88 individuos entre directivos, contables, y colaboradores especializados en contabilidad agraria y su régimen laboral identificados de manera probabilística, para su medición se recurrió a la escala de Likert. Sus dimensiones: capacidad negociaría, derechos laborales, beneficio empresarial, reconocer sus derechos. Para confirmar su confiabilidad se aplicó el paquete estadístico del SPSS, traducción 27.00, prueba de declaración de Pearson, al grado de confiabilidad del 95%. El experimento de ji cuadrada. Resultados: de manera mayoritaria opinaron considerarse muy satisfechos el (62.50%) formulan, se cumple con el régimen laboral para el sector agricultura en la compañía AGRILEZA SAC, con relación a aplicación del procedimiento contable y su consideración de sus costos el (55.56%) están muy satisfechos. Conclusión: el régimen aplicable al sector agrario laboral incide de forma directa en aplicación del sistema contable en empresa AGRILEZA sociedad anónima cerrada 2021