Lacustrine organic fluxes and paleoclimatic variations during the last 15 ka : lac du Bouchet (Massif Central, France)

To assess the influence of climatic changes on organic lacustrine sedimentation, two cores recovered from the centre of the Lac du Bouchet were studied by petrographical (palynofacies) and geochemical methods. Only core LDB H was used for estimation of the organic fluxes. The variation of these fluxes with climo-stratigraphic periods showed : low organic fluxes during the Lateglacial, an increase at the beginning of the Holocene, a minimum at the end of the Atlantic period resulting from the climatic cooling, and a maximum at the end of the Sub-Boreal related to the installation of the present climatic conditions. (Résumé d'auteur

Collaboration entre médecins généralistes et psychologues en libéral

Psychologists and general practitioners (GPs) are the stakeholders most consulted by patients with psychological difficulties. They each have their own professional identity, their own working framework, references, and language. In France, interactions between them seem limited in private practice. The importance of developing collaboration between GPs and psychologists is supported by data from collaborative mental health practices developed in various countries. Such practices have shown significant improvement in health care, and benefits for patients’ health, as well as for GPs’ and psychologists'practices, and for the community. In 2018, the French National Authority for Health published an overview of the situation and recommendations to improve the coordination between GPs and other healthcare actors concerning adult patients with mental health disorders. The review invites healthcare actors to work with better conviction, involvement, and shared culture, as well as to recognize each other's roles and competences. The professionals interviewed in this article, three psychologists and three GPs, outline the current state of collaboration between psychologists and GPs in France and in Belgium, reviewing professional identities, barriers to interactions and organizations. Interprofessional collaboration in mental health involving these actors is formalized and developed in several countries, unlike in France where work and experimentation are rare. The role of each is not well known, and few opportunities are offered for interprofessional practice and education. The authors report on their experience in the field, and on initiatives that have been implemented in a Southern France region. Several actions are reported: joint professional training evenings, “public cross-consultations” and “joint case studies” (with patients’ agreement), working group between faculties leading to a joint Study Day, programming paired cross-consultations in the practice of each, as well as exchanging medical and psychology students. This experience allowed for constructive meetings, exchanges within “professional couples” on common patients, and opportunities to expose medical and psychological views. It also enabled the authors to observe their different professional language and tools used, to break the isolation of mental health care actors, to accelerate the understanding of patients’ situations, and to mutually enrich professional knowledge and practices. This feedback from field experience, which is not representative or generalizable, shows that it is possible to take advantage of interprofessionality in the field. When the actors know each other, working together in the interest of the professionals and of the patients shows better results. Finally, the authors question what desirable directions should be adopted–particularly concerning the institutional frameworks recently implemented in France, and the need for share

How is the economic crisis socially assessed?

Based on the Social Representation Theory, the purpose of this article is to explore how lay-people consider both the economic crisis and risk, and to link these social representations to behavior. The article offers an original approach with the articulation of two studies about the social construction of risk and crises. It also contributes to the development of research methods for studying the connections between representations and practical implications. Based on this, the impact of the social representation of the crisis on the perceived ability to act is approached. The first study focuses on free-association tasks, with two distinct target terms: ‘risk’ and ‘crisis’. The structural approach, with a prototypical analysis, allowed the identification of two different representations: (1) for risk, ‘danger’ is the central element; (2) for crisis, ‘economy’ and ‘money’ constitute the main components of the representation. The second study investigates the links between the two previously detected structures and their relations with the perceived ability to act in a financial crisis context. Some aspects of social knowledge were found to have an impact on perceived ability to act

Critérios de construção e relato da análise prototípica para representações sociais

A análise prototípica é uma convenção de apresentação bastante difundida para caracterizar a estrutura de uma representação social a partir de dados de evocações livres. O presente texto visa a sistematizar e indicar algumas dessas informações que deveriam estar presentes na descrição de resultados da análise prototípica, discutindo brevemente os prós e contras de algumas opções de realização da análise. Para tanto, é feita uma breve introdução da análise e posteriormente passa-se a considerações técnicas, finalizando com um exemplo de relato

Internal delensing of cosmic microwave background polarization B-Modes with the POLARBEAR experiment

International audienceUsing only cosmic microwave background polarization data from the polarbear experiment, we measure B-mode polarization delensing on subdegree scales at more than 5σ significance. We achieve a 14% B-mode power variance reduction, the highest to date for internal delensing, and improve this result to 22% by applying for the first time an iterative maximum a posteriori delensing method. Our analysis demonstrates the capability of internal delensing as a means of improving constraints on inflationary models, paving the way for the optimal analysis of next-generation primordial B-mode experiments